Elgygytgyn

• The diameter of the lake is about 12 kilometers ^[4] ;
• depth in the central part of 169 m ^[5] ;
• maximum depth - 174 m; ^[6]
• area - 119 ^[7] km²;
• volume - 14.1 km³;
• the catchment area is 293 ^[7] km²;
• average temperature of about 3 ° C ^[8] in the bottom layers and about 0 ° C at the surface;
• height above sea level - 489 m ^[9] .

Most of the year the surface of the lake is covered with ice, in some years it does not have time to melt even in summer. The shores of the lake are shackled by permafrost , its thickness is 481 m ^[10] . About 50 tributaries flow into the lake. In the mouths of rivers and streams, the water of the lake in the summer can warm up to +7 +10 ° C. The Enmyvaam River flows from the lake (a tributary of the Belaya River , the Anadyr basin).

There are no permanent settlements of people near the lake, there are no roads to it.

The bottom sediments of the lake have a depth of more than 200 m and are a repository of information about the environmental conditions of this region for the last three and a half million years.

Three species of Charet (Paly) inhabit the water bodies of Lake Elgygytgyn, different in depth: large and predatory Boganian palia (below), as well as plankton - eating small palia , and long-fringed palia (above). The long-necked palia Svetovidova ( Salvethymus svetovidovi ) is a narrow- real species of fish, described in 1990, not found anywhere else outside this lake. In order to protect it, the lake has been declared a natural monument of Chukotka ^[11] .

The lake is a water-filled recess of the earth's surface, formed about 3.6 million years ago. ^[12]

The lake basin is of meteoric origin and is a shock crater (astrobleme) filled with water and precipitation. For a long time there was an assumption that this is a volcanic crater, but it was refuted by the results of drilling the lake bottom in 2008. ^[13] The crater is located in acidic rocks of volcanic origin (including tuffs ) and at the time of the research was the only known impact crater on Earth in rocks of this type. . ^[13]

The first lake described Sergei Vladimirovich Obruchev in the 1930s. In his works, this lake was called Elgydhin ^[14] .

In the 1950s, research was conducted by employees of the Anadyr permafrost station . Depth measurements were made, temperature was measured, water samples were taken, the lake shoreline survey was taken, rock samples were taken from wells and outcrops, lake bottom sediment samples, plankton samples, and control samples of lake water. ^[15] .

In 1984, the Magadan writer Albert Miftakhutdinov embarked on an expedition to the lake, dedicating it to the 50th anniversary of Oleg Kuvaev .

In the 1980s – 1990s , specialists of the Northeast Integrated Research Institute (Magadan) worked on the lake. Many articles and books on the results of expeditions ^[15] were published.

In 1998, 2000, 2003, 2008 and 2009, international expeditions went to the lake: researchers of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the University of Leipzig , Institute of Polar and Marine Research. Alfred Wegener (Germany), Massachusetts and Alaska Universities (USA), Russian scientists from the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute of Roshydromet (St. Petersburg) and the North-Eastern Integrated Research Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The international project “Paleoclimate of Lake Elgygytgyn” is funded by the USA and Germany ^[15] .

In the winter of 2008–2009 An international group of scientists from Russia, Germany and the United States drilled the bottom of Lake Elgygytgyn from equipment installed on ice ^[16] and conducted a study of the bottom sediments of the lake and the underlying rocks. ^[13]

A drilled breccia layer was discovered by a drilled well under a 225-meter stratum of lake sediments — a with a capacity of more than 200 meters. Rocks of this type are formed only in impact craters - thus, the meteoric origin of the lake was confirmed. ^[13]

• List of Russia's deepest lakes
• List of impact craters in Russia

• Lenta.Ru. American geologists will begin drilling in Chukotka (Rus.) . lenta.ru . The appeal date is June 23, 2019. (November 16, 2007)
• Impact structures of the Earth. Elgygytgyn (Rus.) (Inaccessible link) . omzg.sscc.ru. The appeal date is June 23, 2019. Archived on April 17, 2008.
• The results of the study of sedimentary rocks at the bottom of the Chukchi Lake Elgygytgyn (Rus.) Are presented . science.compulenta.ru . The appeal date is June 23, 2019.
• Haltia EM , Nowaczyk NR Magnetostratigraphy of sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn ICDP Site 5011-1: paleomagnetic age limiters for the longest paleoclimate record from the continental Arctic, 2014. (neopr.) . www.clim-past.net . The appeal date is June 23, 2019.

• Galanin A.V. , Belikovich A.V. , Malkov E.E., et al. Specially Protected Area “Lake Elgygytgyn” (Anadyr Plateau) // Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1994. № 4.

• Dietz, RS McHone, JF Jr. 1976 El'gygytgyn: Probably the largest meteorite crater. Geology, v. 4, pp. 391-392.

Fiction Elgygytgyn

• Two colors of the earth between two oceans. Oleg Kuvaev
• Report on one expedition. Albert Miftahutdinov