All-Night Vigil (also All-Night Vigil ) is a musical work based on the worship of the Orthodox Church, which combined evening and morning services ( All-Night Vigil ) [1] .
History
Emerged in Byzantium in the first centuries of Christianity, the traditional All-Night Vigil consisted of prayers for reading and singing. The unchangeable part consisted of hymns and psalms , a variable, timed to certain holidays, were tropari and poetry. The earliest known examples of the All-Night Vigil are those of John Chrysostom , John of Damaskin , Theodore Studite [2] .
In Russia, the All-Night Vigil was introduced in the 11th century, and for many centuries single-voiced banner , demestnic, and travel chants were used [2] . The right of musical arrangement of the All-Night Vigil, as well as other services, belonged exclusively to the ministers of the church. Gradually, by the end of the XVI, the polyphonic performance was confirmed, and at the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries, in the struggle against Catholicism and in an effort to develop a type of singing different from the Catholic, the partresnoy style . Instrumental accompaniment, as well as in other divine services, was not provided.
Famous All-Night Vigil
From the 18th century, Russian composers created works of a concert character for the texts of the All-Night Vigil, which could also be performed outside of worship; Such are the “All-night vigils” by A. L. Wedel and S. A. Degtyarev [1] .
From the second half of the 19th century, the “All-night vigils” often took the form of original choral compositions or fairly free treatments of ancient chants — Znamenny , Kiev or Greek. Such “All-night vigils” were created by M. M. Ippolitov-Ivanov , V.I. Rebikov , A. A. Arkhangelsky , A. T. Grechaninov, and P. G. Chesnokov [1] .
The best examples of this genre are considered to be the “All-Night Vigil” by P.I. Tchaikovsky (1881), A.T. Grechaninov (1912), Sergey Rakhmaninov (1915), Rautavaara, Eino-yukhani [3] [4] (1971-72, additional 1996). The works are written in a free manner: authentic church tunes are combined in them with original melodic structures [1] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Assumption H. D. Vigil // Musical Encyclopedia (ed. Yu. V. Keldysh). - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, Soviet Composer, 1973. - Vol . 1 .
- ↑ 1 2 Shapovalova O. Vigil // Musical Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M .: RIPOL classic, 2003. - p . 127 .
- ↑ List of works by composer Einojukhani Rautavaara (eng.) // Wiki.
- ↑ Timo Nuoranne. Einojuhani Rautavaara, Vigilia (Vespers & Matins) . youtube.com . Finnish Radio (April 19, 2014).