The age of ethno-planting materials on the Armenian Highlands is estimated to be the 8th millennium BC. e, and the age of the fossil remains of cultivated plants and their relatives discovered during excavations is the 5th millennium BC. e.
The nature of Armenia is extremely rich in wild relatives of cultivated plants. According to archaeological research, different types of wheat , barley , rye , millet , oats , lentils , peas , beans , watermelon , grapes , apricot , quince , plum , cherry , pomegranate , peaches , apples and many other plants were cultivated in ancient Armenia .
The most probable region of origin of cultivated wheat is located on the territory of historical Armenia , near the modern city of Diyarbakir in southeastern Turkey. [one]
Content
- 1 Species of wild fruit plants
- 1.1 Cereals
- 1.2 Legumes
- 1.3 Feed plants
- 1.4 Fruit-bearing
- 1.4.1 Trees
- 1.4.2 Shrubs
- 1.5 Garden gourds
- 1.6 Oilseeds
- 2 See also
- 3 notes
Species of wild fruit plants
Wild relatives of cultivated plants are represented by the following groups:
Cereals
- Wheat - 3 of the world's few wild wheat species grow here (Boeot wheat ( Triticum boeoticum ), Urartu wheat ( Triticum urartu ) and Ararat wheat ( Triticum araraticum )). The last two species were first discovered in Armenia and are characterized by intraspecific diversity - more than 110 varieties.
- Rye is a wild annual and wild perennial species. It is known that Vavilov Rye ( Secale vavilovii ) grows.
- Barley - 8 wild species with great intraspecific diversity. Of great interest are the wild two-row and wild bulbous species. Wild barley ( Hordeum spontaneum ) grows.
- Aegilops is a genus close to wheat, whose species participated in the formation of hard and soft species. Nine species with great intraspecific diversity were found in Armenia.
Legumes
Wild species of beans (3), lentils (2), peas (3) and cormorants were found in Armenia .
Feed plants
Mostly belong to the families of legumes and cereals. Among legumes are common: alfalfa - 10, sainfoin and clover - 30, peas - 36 species and representatives of other genera, ecotypes and forms. Among cereals, wheatgrass , fescue , chaff , timothy , fire, and others grow and are cultivated.
Fruit-bearing
Trees
The following plants grow wild in Armenia: pear (17 species ), hawthorn (11), mountain ash (10), plum (4) and almonds (4), apple tree (3), apricot , peach , quince , medlar , cherry , sweet cherries , hazel , pistachio pistolis ( Pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica ), persimmon ( Diospyros lotus "), white mulberry ((here white) Morus alba ), figs ( Ficus carica ), walnut ( Juglans regia ), cornel , goof .
Pears are represented by the following species : takhtadzhyana ( Pyrus takhtadzhianii ), Fedorova ( Pyrus fedorovii ), tamamshyan ( Pyrus tamamschianae ), Zangzur ( Pyrus zangezura ), Sosnovsky ( Pyrus sosnovskyi ), Aiastan ( Pyrus hajastana ), Pyria , Pyrus virius Pyrus virius Pyrus hajastana Pyrus raddeana , Pyrus oxyprion , Pyrus nutans , Pyrus medvedevii , Pyrus elata , Pyrus complexa , Pyrus browiczii .
Almonds: Nairian ( Prunus nairica ), fenzl ( Prunus fenzliana ) and 2 more.
Shrubs
The fruitful bushes of Armenia are: forest grapes ( Vitis sylvestris ), common pomegranate ( Punica granatum ), strawberries? strawberries? , blackberry , currant , etc.
Garden Melon
In addition to cultivated species, in the wild there are: watermelon colocint ( Citrullus colocynthis ), melon, beets , spinach , carrots , coriander , asparagus , garlic , various types of onions : Akaka onion ( Allium akaka ), beautifully netted onion ( Allium callidictyon ), Derderian onion ( Allium derderianum ), Rough onion ( Allium scabriscapum ).
Oilseeds
In the wild state grow: Anatolian flax ( Linum anatolicum ), seljuk flax ( Linum seljukorum ), hemp , mustard , bracteat poppy ( Papaver bracteatum ), oriental poppy ( Papaver orientale ), leafless poppy ( Papaver paucifoliatum ) and other species, ecotype . [2] [3]
See also
- Biological Resources of Armenia
- Forests of Armenia
- Flora of Armenia
- Red Book of Armenia
- Nature Conservation Areas of Armenia
- Soil of Armenia
- Beekeeping in Armenia
Notes
- ↑ Jorge Dubcovsky and Jan Dvorak, “Genome Plasticity a Key Factor in the Success of Polyploid Wheat Under Domestication”, Science 316 [Issue 5833], p. 1862, 29 June 2007
- ↑ Vardevanyan Ashot (program manager). National Action Program to Combat Desertification in Armenia . - Yerevan, 2002. - ISBN 99930-935-6-4 .
- ↑ Republic of Armenia - Red Book