Jhukar is an archaeological culture [1] of ancient India .
Content
Location and Periodization
Currently located in Sindh province in Pakistan near the village of the same name - Jhukar. It is dated approximately - XVI — XV centuries. BC [1] .
Artifacts and their analysis
The culture was first discovered by the Indian archaeologist N. Majumdar in the 1920s. XX century.
Artifacts of this culture are found on a small territory, and the question of its origin has not yet been resolved.
Culture is defined as post- Harappan (see Harappan civilization ).
Considered characteristic
- - two-tone ceramics having analogies with Balochistan types
- - original seals made of stone, faience, clay.
The most characteristic artifacts were found in Changhu Daro , where a layer of Jhangar culture lay above the layer with the post-Harappa Jhukar culture.
The carriers of the Jhangar culture captured Changhu Daro after he was abandoned by the "Jhukar".
There is clearly a similarity of culture with the cultures of Northern Balochistan and Iran , which indicates the penetration of tribes from these regions into the Indus Valley [1] .
An analysis of the Changhu Daro artifacts indicates a temporary gap between the Harappa and Jhukar cultures. Some foreign archaeologists (M. Wheeler, S. Piggot, and others) identify the carriers of the Jhukar culture with the Aryans, and Russian scientists believe that “... It is with the tribes of Balochistan, but not with the Arias, that the post-Harappan cultures of Jhukar and Jhangar should obviously be connected " [2] .
Notes
Literature
- Bongard-Levin G. M., Harappan civilization and the “Aryan problem”, “Soviet ethnography”, 1962, No. 1;
- Majumdar NG, Explorations in Sind, “Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India”, 1934, No. 48;
- Dikshit S. K., Introduction to Archeology, trans. from English., M., 1960;
- Wheeler RE M., The Indus civilization, 3 ed., Camb., 1968.