The Battle of Almansa is a battle that took place on April 25, 1707 near the Spanish town of Almansa on the border of Valencia and Murcia during the War of the Spanish Succession between the French-Spanish army and the allied English, Portuguese and Austrian troops. It is characteristic that the French army was commanded by the British [1] by origin, Marshal Berwick , and the allies were the Frenchman, Marquis de Rouvigny, Count of Galway [2] . The battle ended in the complete defeat of the allied army and influenced the final French victory of the 1707 campaign in Spain.
| The Battle of Almans | |||
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| Main Conflict: War of the Spanish Succession | |||
 The Battle of Almans | |||
| date of | April 25, 1707 | ||
| A place | Almansa , Spain | ||
| Total | The conclusion of the Utrecht peace, the king remained Philip 5, without the right to a French booth. | ||
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Content
- 1 History
- 2 Battle progress
- 3 Literature
- 4 notes
History
During the first six years of the war, the struggle between Louis XIV and the Allies was fought with varying success. At the same time, in Spain, opponents of Louis XIV and Philip V [3] seemed to have decisive success. Allied British, Portuguese and Austrian troops occupied Catalonia , Aragon , Valencia and part of Castile . Archduke Charles in Madrid was proclaimed Spanish king.
Under such circumstances, the campaign of 1707 in Spain began. The number of opponents was approximately equal, up to 35 thousand on each side. Both armies engaged in lengthy maneuvers in order to occupy an advantageous strategic position and finally met near the city of Almans on April 25, 1707.
Battle Progress
Due to the lack of cavalry, Count Galway was forced to form wings of battle order from the infantry and cavalry units alternately, which was the main reason for his defeat. The French cavalry, which surpassed its cavalry both in number and combat training, swiftly attacked the right wing, overturned the enemy cavalry, broke into the spaces between the infantry ranks and chopped down the infantry. Not stopping at the achieved success, she rushed to the left wing and defeated the allies, who by this moment had managed to win in the center and, crowding the French, reached the Almansa. But then the allies were attacked from the rear by the French cavalry and their center was almost completely destroyed, the allied commander himself was twice wounded by a saber in the face.
In addition to several thousand dead and wounded, the Allies lost 10,000 prisoners, 120 banners and all artillery.
The consequence of the Battle of Alman was the end of the campaign in favor of the French and the conquest of most of Spain, and ultimately the establishment of the Bourbon dynasty on the Spanish throne in the person of Philip V.
Literature
- Military encyclopedic lexicon (in 14 volumes). The second revised edition under the general guidance of M. I. Bogdanovich. St. Petersburg, 1852-1858. Volume 1
- Military Encyclopedia / Ed. V.F. Novitsky and others - St. Petersburg. : t. in I.V. Sytin, 1911-1915.
Notes
- ↑ Scot.
- ↑ Ruvigny was one of the leaders of the Huguenot diaspora. In the same battle, Colonel-Huguenot Jean Cavallier , the former Duke of Sevennes, also fought against France.
- ↑ Grandson of Louis XIV.