HMS Adamant (1780) - 50-gun ship of the 4th rank of the Royal Navy . The first British ship that bore this name.
| Hms adamant | |
|---|---|
| Hms adamant | |
 HMS Adamant (center) and HMS Tremendous vs Preneuse , December 11, 1799 | |
| Service | |
 Great Britain | |
| Class and type of vessel | rank 4 ship Portland |
| Type of sailing weapon | Three mast ship |
| Organization |  Royal fleet |
| Manufacturer | Peter Baker , Liverpool |
| The author of the ship drawing | Williams [1] [2] |
| Construction started | September 6, 1777 |
| Launched | January 24, 1780 |
| Withdrawn from the fleet | disassembled, June 1814 |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 1,059 63/94 tons ( approx. ) [1] |
| Upper Deck Length | 146 ft 3 in (44.6 m ) |
| Midship Width | 40 ft 9 in (12.4 m) |
| Depth of intrum | 17 ft 7½ in (5.37 m) |
| Engines | Sail |
| Crew | 350 [3] |
| Armament | |
| Total number of guns | 50 |
| Gundeck Guns | 22 × 24 pound guns |
| Guns on the operdek | 22 × 12-fn guns |
| Guns on the Trench | 4 × 6-fn guns |
| Guns on the tank | 2 × 6-fn guns |
Content
Design and Construction
Launched on January 24, 1780 . It was built as a small, “economical” battleship . Despite their weakness, the Admiralty in 1770 ordered for the sake of economy a new series of 50-guns, such as Portland .
Adamant was one of eleven ships built before John Williams's 1767 project, and one of five ordered from 1775-1776. [4] Ordered at the private shipyard of Peter Baker, Liverpool , November 13, 1776 , laid down September 6, 1777 . [1] Launched on January 24, 1780, completed from June 13 to August 12, 1780 in Plymouth . [1] [5] The initial cost was £ 16,313.13.10 d, and increased to £ 27,497.3.0 d, counting the cost of equipment. [one]
Service
Small two-decker ships were looked at as consumables; however, the Adamant service lasted thirty years and included three major wars. Built during the American War of Independence , he spent the last three years of the war off the coast of America, was in battles at Cape Henry and at Chesapeake.
Years of peace have passed either in the Caribbean or near Nova Scotia . With the start of the French Revolutionary Wars, he served on the Leeward Islands and off the British coast. During service in British waters, the ship was captured by a rebellion in Nora. Being one of the two two-day ships that remained in service during the rebellion, he was supposed to support the Dutch blockade , making it appear that he was part of the stronger fleet that he succeeded. Adamant then fought at Camperdown, after which she crossed into the English Channel and then into the Indian Ocean through the Cape of Good Hope . Here he took part in the destruction of the French raider Preneuse , in the following years captured a number of privatists. In the last years of the Napoleonic Wars, it became the floating barracks and flagship of the port admiral until it was dismantled in June 1814 .
North America
Adamant went into operation in November 1779 , Captain Gideon Johnstone ( English Gideon Johnstone ), went to North America on August 13, 1780 . [1] He was with the squadron of Vice Admiral Mariot Arbuthnot in battle at Cape Henry on March 16, 1781 , and then at Chesapeake on September 5, 1781 . [1] Johnston was succeeded by Captain David Graves in February 1782, while Adamant was still in North America, after which he returned to Britain as an escort of the convoy in December 1782 . [1] It was put into reserve and designed in April 1783 and converted for overseas service from May to September of the same year. [1] Adamant resumed his service in June 1783, captain William Kelly. Upon completion of the repair, he entered the Leeward Islands in November, where he spent three years as the flagship of Admiral Sir Richard Hughes . [1] Bred again in September 1786 ; underwent a major renovation, then, being equipped as a flagship in the Shirness , from August 1787 to May 1789 . [1] Adamant returned to service in February 1789 , captain David Knox, after which Admiral Hughes raised his flag again and went to Nova Scotia in June. [1] From January 1792 - Captain Charles Hope, before returning to England in June and withdrawing to reserve. [one]
French Revolutionary Wars
In July 1792, Adamant was adapted for reserve, but since the beginning of the war with revolutionary France in April 1793, he was hastily returned to duty, first under the command of Captain William Bentinck, and somewhere in 1794 he took command and . about. Captain William Mitchell Since June 1794 he was under the command of Captain Henry D'Esterre Darby . [1] In September 1794, Darby led Adamant back to the Leeward Islands, and in April 1796 Adamant served on the George Vandeput squadron . George Vandeput ). [1] Captain Henry Warre assumed command in November 1796. On January 11, 1797, his place was taken by Captain William Hotham.
Rebellion into Burrow and Camperdown
Adamant was based in Nora , operated in the North Sea , and with the fleet of Admiral Adam Duncan carried out the blockade of the Dutch fleet in Texel . In May 1797, a sailor revolt broke out in Nora , after the just-ended insurgency in Spithead . Of all the two-deck ships, only the crew of the flagship Duncan HMS Venerable , and Hotham on Adamant remained loyal to duty. With only two ships to block the Dutch, Duncan and Hotham launched their ships at sea, kept in mind the Dutch coast and for several weeks, using false signals and maneuvers, demonstrated that the rest of the fleet was right there, beyond the horizon. [6] Convinced by this performance that the blockade was still in force, the Dutch remained in port. [6] Duncan and Hotham were later strengthened by the Russian squadron stationed at Harwich , and then one after another deserting the rebel ships. [6]
Adamant then fought in the Duncan fleet at Camperdown , October 11, 1797 . [1] The battle ended with a decisive victory of the British over the Dutch fleet of Admiral de Winter , with Adamant avoiding any losses. [1] Adamant was then assigned to the squadron of Sir Richard Strachan to patrol Le Havre , after which in October 1798 he and Hotham were escorted to the Cape of Good Hope . [1] In the Indian Ocean, Adamant and the 74-gun HMS Tremendous , Captain John Osborn , collided near Port Louis , Ile de France , with the cruising French frigate Preneuse , commanded by Captain L. 'Hermite ( fr. Jean-Marthe-Adrien l'Hermite ). [7] They chased after her, and forced her to land ashore three miles from Port Louis, under the cover of French coastal batteries. Hotham brought Adamant closer, and tried to get to the stranded frigate, falling under heavy fire from Preneuse batteries. [7] After an exchange of volleys, Adamant forced the French frigate to lower the flag, and in the evening three boats with Adamant and Tremendous approached with the order to destroy the French ship. [7] Despite coming under heavy fire from the battery, they climbed the frigate, captured the remains of the French crew, including Captain l'Hermit, and with them removed as much property of their captives as they could. Then they set fire to Preneuse and returned to their ships, without losing one person. [7] Hotham remained off the coast of South Africa and the Indian Ocean until he was recalled to escort the convoy to Britain in September 1801 , where he arrived on December 14 [8] .
Napoleonic Wars
Adamant spent the period from May 1803 to August 1804 in repairs at the Chatham shipyard, commissioned in June, Captain George Burlton. On April 13, 1805, Adamant and HMS Inflexible captured the 4-gun privatier Alert , and in October 1805 Captain John Stiles took over command [1] . Stiles escorted the East India convoy in 1806 , and on May 6, the Spanish 26-gun privat Nuestra Señora de los Dolores seized at Cape of Good Hope. [1] On June 17, 1807, he added another prize to the account, capturing the 1-gun privaten Bueno Union while serving at the Jamaican station. [1] In October 1807, Styles was succeeded by Captain Mikiah Macbon, and the next year Adamant again went to the Jamaican station. At the beginning of 1809, he returned to Britain, and spent the period between April and July 1809 reequipping in Chatham to serve as a floating barracks in Leith . [1] Re-commissioned in May 1809 under the command of Captain John Sykes, in August took part in operations at the mouth of the Scheldt . In August 1810, the ship was received by Captain Matthew Buckle and remained Adamant captain for the next three years, which he spent as the flagship of Rear Admiral Robert Otway, as well as the floating barracks in Leith. [1] As the Napoleonic Wars came to an end, in 1814 the ship was transferred to the reserve in Shirness, then dismantled there, in June 1814. [one]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Winfield, ... p. 159.
- ↑ According to other sources, Robert Fairbanks. See: British 4th Rates
- ↑ Typical abundance, see: Colonial Warfare Vessels : Navies and the American Revolution, 1775−1783. Robert Gardiner, ed. Chatham Publishing, 1997, p. 55. ISBN 1-55750-623-X
- ↑ Winfield, 2007 , p. 151.
- ↑ Colledge, ... p. four.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Tracy, 2006 , p. 195.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 James, ... vol. 2, p. 350.
- ↑ Tracy, 2006 , p. 196.
Literature
- Colledge, JJ; Warlow, Ben. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham 2006 [1969]. - ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8 .
- James, William. The Naval History of Great Britain: From the Declaration of War by France in 1793 to the Accession of George IV . 2. Richard Bentley, 1837.
- Tracy N. Who's Who in Nelson's Navy : 200 Naval Heroes - London : Chatham Publishing , 2006 .-- ISBN 978-1-86176-244-3
- Winfield R. British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714-1792 - London : Seaforth Publishing , 2007 .-- ( British Warships in the Age of Sail ) - ISBN 1-84415-700-8