Nekrasova, Julia Borisovna

• Born December 14, 1931 in Moscow.
• In 1950 he entered the defectology department of Moscow State Pedagogical Institute named after V.I. Lenin . Studying with S. S. Lyapidevsky , O. V. Pravdina, L. V. Melekhova, A. V. Ippolitova.
• In 1955, she graduated with honors from the speech therapy department of the defectology department of the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute named after V. I. Lenin ^[1] .
• From 1955 to 1965 she worked as a speech therapist at the clinic of the Ministry of Railways and Communications.
• In the early 1960s undergoing training with a doctor K. M. Dubrovsky, who, with the help of the head of the department of psychotherapy in Kharkov, I. Z. Velvovsky, conducted several training courses on his method of “a session of simultaneous removal of functional neurosis,” including logoneurosis. Hundreds of doctors dealing with nervous disorders and speech therapists attended these courses at the Kharkov Polyclinic of the Ministry of Railways. Units were able to master the method, and one of the best and beloved students was Yu. B. Nekrasov.
• In 1968, she defended her thesis on "Restoring the speech of adult stuttering on an outpatient basis." ^[2]
• In 1974-1976 Yu. B. Nekrasova - Researcher, Research Institute of Defectology. She led the laboratory of psychotherapeutic methods for the rehabilitation of stutters, which was opened with the support of Academician A.V. Petrovsky .
• Since 1976 he has been working in the laboratory of mental states of the Research Institute of General and Pedagogical Psychology of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR under the guidance of F. D. Gorbov.
• From 1980 to 2000 Yulia Borisovna worked at PI RAO under the guidance of Academician A. A. Bodalev, first as a senior and then as a leading researcher in the laboratory “Psychology of communication in the family and school”, transformed in 1993 into the research group “Psychology of communication and rehabilitation of the person” .
• In 1992, she defended her doctoral dissertation on the topic “Psychological Foundations of the Stuttering Social Rehabilitation Process”.
• Yu. B. Nekrasova participated in international congresses and symposia on psychology and psychotherapy - her methodology was presented in Finland (1985), England (1989), Italy (1989), Czechoslovakia (1991), Germany (1989, 1990, 1992, 1994 )
• For many years, Yu. B. Nekrasova also conducted community service, being a lecturer in a permanent school-seminar at the association of research teachers, and was a member of one of the commissions of the Children's Fund named after V.I. Lenin.
• Yu. B. Nekrasova died in Moscow on May 22, 2004.

The rehabilitation system for stuttering adults and adolescents, which was finally formed by 1992, includes the propaedeutic stage, a session of emotional stress therapy and the stage of active speech correction. The essence of the method is to induce, strengthen and strengthen patients' readiness for speech, as well as to teach them the freedom to change mental states, which is necessary for full communication.

The propaedeutic stage - lasts at least six months. Its main component is the bibliotherapy developed by Yu. B. Nekrasova, which is both a diagnostic and therapeutic component. In his methodology, Yu. B. Nekrasova offers works by various authors, the works of the first group inspire patients with confidence in getting rid of stuttering, which is connected. only with the hope of a therapist. The works of the second group, from a psychological point of view, are much more difficult for a stutter. In the works of the first group, getting rid of lack, pain, conflict occurs by itself, regardless of the efforts of the characters, the ugly duckling turns into a swan, because he was born a swan, in the second group the heroes try to find a way out of a difficult situation on their own. However, the increase in psychological difficulties remains unnoticed by the patient, who has already been included in the process of analyzing the work. One of the central works at this stage is the book “I Can Jump Through Puddles” by Marshall A. Analysis of the work of the second group not only psychologically prepares the patient for the difficulties of the upcoming treatment, but also helps the therapist find an individual “approach to each of them. At the same time, work with the book does not end, in general, more than 30 works with increasing plot, philosophical and psychological complexity are offered .. In this technique, the culmination of the patient’s creative activity is the willingness to become an author om of his own work. An important moment in this kind of creativity is its figurative and symbolic form, indirectly suggested by a psychotherapist. Yu. B. Nekrasova draws the following conclusions from the application of her technique: 1) creativity, search activity enable the patient to overcome the "fixation" on his problems , help to see themselves and the world in a new way, which is a necessary condition for the gradual rupture of the vicious circle of logoneurosis; 2) conditions are created for the disclosure of the individuality and uniqueness of each pa ienta, rebuilt the need-motivational sphere, new values, due to changing personal orientation; 3) the mediation of the impact models the situation of the creative process and makes it possible for patients to make many independent discoveries of a moral, philosophical, psychological, aesthetic and even scientific plan; 4) the introduction of this stage changes the entire structure of the psychotherapeutic process, curtailing the traditional expectant phase due to the active disclosure and restructuring of the personality; 5) Of particular psychological importance is the dynamic unity of the psychotherapist and patient that occurs during the propaedeutic phase; 6) bibliotherapy as a complex methodological system includes diagnostic, communicative-modeling and therapeutic functions; 7) bibliotherapy awakens the state of search activity, which stimulates the healing mechanisms of stutter correction 8) acting on the personality and mental state of a person, bibliotherapy is a powerful tool in the system of correctional pedagogy.

Session of emotional stress psychotherapy (according to K. M. Dubrovsky ) - is intended to relieve the symptom complex of stuttering in a difficult frustrating situation of public speaking.

S. B. Skoblikova writes: “Being a student and follower of Kazimir Markovich Dubrovsky (creator of the Method of Directive Group Suggestion” and “The Method of Instant Relieving Stuttering”), Yu. B. Nekrasova used a psychotherapeutic emotional-stress session in her work. Nekrasova was not an instantaneous effect that could free a stutter from his illness, but was “a valuable mobilizer that creates the patient’s right mood by starting treatment.” Conducted by Yulia Borisovna at the Taganka Theater We gathered a sea of ​​people, and the audience became participants in a complex psychotherapeutic effect. A miracle happened - at the end of the session, stutters who were on the stage spoke absolutely freely. After the session, a group of psycho-therapeutic sessions, autogenic training, breathing exercises, and psychological lessons aimed at correcting began speech and “stuttering personality.” Yu. B. Nekrasova considered her work as a process of “controlled unity of psychological, pedagogical and psychotherapist direct impact on the patient’s personality in their deep penetration ” ^[3] .

Period of silence . Lasting 4-5 days and ending with a special session to remove silence.

Stage of active logocorrection . Duration up to 3 months in the form of daily classes for 8-9 hours. It is carried out with the aim of qualitatively consolidating the result obtained at the session, forming the skill of new speech, overcoming the psychological complex of stuttering, training diaphragmatic breathing. The work uses the Full pronunciation style of the Russian language, speech therapy sessions, symbol therapy, kinesitherapy, autogenic training according to Ignan Schulz , paradoxical gymnastics according to A. N. Strelnikova . The last stage ends with the help of new patients in need of rehabilitation.

Karpova N. L. writes the following about this system: "The goal of the process of social rehabilitation is to advance the individual along the path of becoming the subject of his life, in this process the" external "environment for the patient plays a special role, since any complex chronic disease affects the personal sphere of the patient. the development of the so-called "secondary neurosis" of the disease, which is manifested both in personal problems and in violation of communicative competence. Therefore, the maximum possible inclusion in social rehabilitation e into the process of treating members of the patient’s immediate environment. This found practical confirmation in the methodology we developed for family logopsychotherapy-treatment of stuttering adolescents and adults with the active participation of their families. We emphasize that this technique allows you to organize both motivational inclusion and, ultimately account, the motivational involvement of all participants in the process of psycho-correctional work and maintain a high level of activity and interest (involvement) at all stages of chickens CA family group logopsychotherapy ^[4] .

Yu. B. Nekrasova is the author of more than 40 scientific publications in domestic and foreign periodicals, a participant in numerous international congresses, her documentary films “A Man Can Do Anything” (1986), “I Will Return, of course ...” (1988) ) other. Repeatedly shown on central television, these films had a huge impact not only on the scientific community, but also on a wide audience with their optimistic content and humanistic orientation. The system of group logopsychotherapy created by Yu. B. Nekrasova currently finds further development and application in the activities of her students and followers in various cities of Russia ^[5] .

• Nekrasova Yu. B. Session of psychotherapeutic influence and some mental states of stutters // Questions of psychology.- 1980.- No. 5.- P. 32.
• Nekrasova Yu. B. Group emotional-stressful psychotherapy in the correction of mental states of stutters // Psychology Issues .- 1984.- No. 2.- P.75.
• Nekrasova Yu. B. Dynamics of mental states of stuttering during logopsychotherapy // Psychology Issues .- 1985.- No. 2.- P.127.
• Nekrasova Yu. B. Basic principles of correction of speech communication disorders // Psychology Issues. - 1986.- No. 5.-С.90.
• Nekrasova Yu. B. Features of diagnosis in the rehabilitation of people with speech impairment // Psychology Issues.-1991.- No. 5.- P.123.
• Nekrasova Yu. B. On mental conditions, their diagnosis, management and directed formation (in the process of socio-rehabilitation of stuttering) // Psychology Issues.-1994.- No. 6.- P.37.
• Nekrasova Yu. B. "Treatment with creativity." - M.: Sense, 2006. ISBN 5-89357-225-4

• Yu. B. Nekrasov on the site Methodology of group family logopsychotherapy
• BODALEV A. L., CHUDNOVSKY V. A., KARPOVA N. L., RAU E. Yu. SHE RETURNED PEOPLE'S GIFT OF SPEECH // Psychological Journal.- 2007.- No. 1.
• Yu. B. NEKRASOVA Obituary // Questions of Psychology.- 2004.-№ 4.
• About our teacher Yu. B. Nekrasova and her work
• Julia Borisovna Nekrasova // Advisory Psychology and Psychotherapy.-2004.-№ 2.
• Skoblikova S. B. ABOUT OUR TEACHER Yu. B. NEKRASOVA AND ITS WORK