Woodville, Elizabeth

Elizabeth Woodville was born around 1437 , presumably in October ^{[to 4] [5]} , in Grafton Regis , Northamptonshire . She was the firstborn in a socially unequal marriage, which shocked the English court. Her father, Sir Richard Woodville , was a simple knight at the time of his daughter's birth. The Woodville, being an old and venerable family, were more noble than noble, had enough land and wealth; were a family from which peace commissioners, sheriffs and deputies, but not peers of the kingdom, had previously left. Sir Richard's own father made a good career in royal service, rising to the position of chamberlain John Lancaster , Duke of Bedford ; Sir Richard followed in the footsteps of his father to the service of the Duke, where he first met Jacquette of Luxembourg . As the daughter of Pierre of Luxembourg , Earl of Saint-Paul , and Margarita de Beau , Jacquette was married to the Duke of Bedford in 1433 at the age of 17; the duke was much older than Jacquette, who became his second wife, and had poor health, from which he died in 1435 , leaving Jacquette childless, rich widow ^[5] . She had to get permission from the king for remarriage; but in March 1437 , it was revealed that Jackett secretly married Sir Richard Woodville, who was much lower in rank and was not considered a suitable husband for a woman revered as the king’s aunt. Spouses were fined £ 1,000, but the amount was returned in October of that year.

Despite such an unfavorable start, the couple soon began to flourish, thanks mainly to the royal family's favor for Jacket. She retained her title and dowry as the Duchess of Bedford, the latter initially providing income of between £ 7,000 and £ 8,000 per year (the amount decreased over the years due to territorial losses in France and the collapse of royal finances in England); Sir Richard was awarded several military ranks in which he proved himself an able soldier. Further achievements came simultaneously with the marriage of Henry VI to Margarita of Anjou , whose uncle was Jackett's son-in-law: Woodville was among those who were chosen to accompany the bride to England; the family further took advantage of this double bond with the royal family and Sir Richard received the title of Baron Rivers in 1448 . Therefore, their children grew up in an atmosphere of privilege and material well-being.

Thomas More claimed that Elizabeth was synonymous with "Isabelle Gray," the young maid of honor Margaret of Anjou in 1445; modern historians (e.g. Myers, Smith, and Baldwin) have noted that there are several more likely candidates than Elizabeth, including Lady Isabella Gray, who accompanied Margaret to England from France in 1445, or Elizabeth Gray, who was a widow with children in 1445 year ^{[7] [8]} .

Around 1452, Elizabeth married John Gray of Groby , the heir to the title of baron . John was killed in the second battle of St. Albans in 1461, on the side of the Lancaster ; the death of John later became the cause of irony at court, as the second husband of Elizabeth was the Yorkist contender for the throne (at the time of the death of John) Edward IV . Elizabeth remained a widow with two sons.

Elizabeth was called "the most beautiful woman on the island of Britain" with "heavy eyelids in front of her, like a dragon" ^[9] .

Edward IV , who had many lovers, among whom the most famous was Jane Shore , did not have a reputation as a faithful man. His marriage with widowed Elizabeth Woodville took place secretly, and although the exact date is not known, it is believed that he did happen (only the bride’s mother and two maids knew about the marriage) in her family in Northamptonshire on May 1, 1464 ^{[10] [11]} , just over three years after he ended up on the English throne after the overwhelming victory of the Yorks over Lancaster at the Battle of Tawton . Elizabeth Woodville was crowned May 26, 1465, Sunday after the Ascension .

In the early years of his reign, Edward IV ruled England with a small circle of supporters, in which Edward's cousin Richard Neville , Earl of Warwick , played the first role. Around the time of Edward IV's secret marriage, Warwick negotiated an alliance with France to thwart a similar agreement between his sworn enemy Margarita of Anjou , the wife of the ousted Henry VI . It was planned that Edward IV should marry Princess Bonn of Savoy , who was brought up in France from an early age. When the king’s marriage with Elizabeth, who came from a family of commoners, who were also supporters of Lancaster, became public, Warwick was simultaneously embarrassed and offended, and his relationship with Edward did not return to its previous level. The marriage was also badly received by the Privy Council, which informed Edward with great frankness that "he must know, she was not the wife of a prince like him."

With the coming to power, the new queen led many brothers and sisters, who soon became related to the most famous families in England ^[12] . Three of Elizabeth's sisters married the sons of the counts of Kent , Essex and Pembroke ; another sister, Catherine , was married to eleven-year-old Henry Stafford , 2nd Duke of Buckingham ; after the death of Edward IV, Buckingham joined the Duke of Gloucester , who opposed Woodville. Elizabeth's twenty-year-old brother, John , married Catherine Neville , Duchess of Norfolk , who was more than 40 years older than him and managed to widow three times. However, Catherine Neville survived her husband.

The crisis of 1469-1471

In March 1469, Elizabeth gave birth to another daughter, Cecilia , which caused serious concern for the king and made him think that after him the eldest daughter Elizabeth would rule the country. A year earlier, rumors were spreading at the court about the aggravation of hostility between the king’s supporter Count Warwick and the queen, whose numerous relatives had moved the count at court. In the same 1468, a split occurred between Edward IV and Warwick because of the marriage of King Margaret 's sister: Warwick, who could not marry the king to the French princess, wanted to conclude an alliance with France through the marriage of Margarita to the French prince, but Edward IV, on the advice of Woodville, he betrayed his sister as the enemy of France to the Burgundian Duke Charles , whom Warwick hated and despised. In 1469, the feud between Warwick and the royal couple led to the union of the count with the younger brother of the king George Clarence , whom Princess Elizabeth actually removed from the position of the heir to the throne ^[15] .

Earlier, even at a time when the king was close to Warwick, the Earl wanted to marry his daughters Isabella and Anna , who were the richest heirs in England, with the king's brothers, but Edward IV refused him, fearing the rise of the Neville. In July 1469, Clarence openly showed disobedience to his brother, marrying in Calais the oldest daughter of Warwick; then they both landed with troops in England and announced George’s claim to the English throne, declaring Edward IV a bastard born of Cecilia Neville from a relationship with the English archer Blaiburn ^[16] . At this time, Queen Elizabeth, along with at least two daughters, visited Norwich , where they were received with magnificent celebrations and theatrical performances. The queen and princesses were settled in the house of monk preachers; here the royal family received news that Warwick not only won the battle of Edgcote Moore , but also captured the king, and also executed Elizabeth's father and brother, Earl Rivers and John Woodville, without trial. ^[17] At the same time, Queen Jacquette of Luxembourg's mother was arrested, accused of witchcraft and a love spell of the king. Although she was acquitted, this unpleasant episode, as well as the unmotivated execution of Count Rivers, showed how far the enemies of Edward IV were ready to go in order to destroy his wife and her family. Despite all this, the queen herself and her daughters were not injured during the brief elevation of Warwick, with the exception that Elizabeth was identified by a reduced staff of servants ^[18] .

By the fall of 1469, Edward IV managed to gain freedom and already in September he triumphantly entered London, where he began to lure the nobles back to his side. The king also proclaimed the alleged heir to the throne the three-year-old daughter Elizabeth ^[19] , although the accession to the English throne of a woman was undesirable ^{[k 1]} ; this step was intended to humiliate Clarence. At the same time, Edward IV offered his daughter's hand to his supporters; in the fall of 1469, to preserve the loyalty of a powerful ally, Edward granted Warwick's brother John Neville the title of Marquis of Montague and offered Princess Elizabeth as a bride for his five-year-old son ; all this was done in the hope that if Edward IV himself was killed, John Neville could secure the coronation of Elizabeth and George before Clarence took the throne ^[21] . By Christmas 1469, Warwick and Clarence were pardoned and returned to Westminster, but Edward clearly did not trust them. ^[22]

By the spring of 1470, Edward IV had completely regained control of the government and declared Warwick and Clarence traitors. Both of them fled to France, where Warwick planned to marry the youngest daughter to the son of the former Queen of Marguerite of Anjou, Edward Westminster . However, Margarita pulled back with an answer, because, according to her, she received a letter from England in which a princess was proposed to her son as a wife, and thus the former queen could make a better union for her son. Although Princess Elizabeth at that time was engaged to George Neville, her marriage to Edward Westminster was the only way to prevent the latter’s alliance with Neville and stop the Lancaster feud with the Yorks. Margarita of Anjou probably expected that in this way after the death of Edward IV, her son would become king, but at the same time Queen Elizabeth was expecting another child and, if a boy was born, marriage of Margarita’s son with Princess Elizabeth would have lost all meaning. Most likely, there was no proposal for marriage with the English princess, and Margarita simply bluffed ^[23] . By July 1470, under pressure from Warwick and the French king, Margarita of Anjou agreed to marry her son with Anna Neville ^[24] .

In 1470, Edward IV was forced to leave his kingdom. In September 1470, when he was preparing for the invasion of the combined forces of Warwick and Margarita of Anjou, Elizabeth and her daughters moved to the Tower of London; Anticipating a future crisis, the Queen made the Tower "well prepared and fortified." Elizabeth was seven months pregnant and a maternity ward was prepared for her, but she could not take advantage of them: when Warwick invaded England, his brother Montague left Edward, and in early October news appeared in London that the king and his brother Richard Gloucester fled the country, with only a ghostly hope of return ^[24] . Предательство Монтегю означало, что помолвка Елизаветы с Джорджем Невиллом разорвана ^{[25] [19]} . 6 октября Уорик и Кларенс въехали в Сити, а уже 30 октября король Генрих VI формально был возведён на престол ^[26] .

Получив новости о падении мужа, королева Елизавета вместе с матерью и тремя дочерьми ^[27] среди ночи спешно покинула Тауэр на барке и пребыла в Вестминстерское аббатство, где её знали как весьма благочестивую женщину. Она была на восьмом месяце беременности и, должно быть, «почти отчаянно нуждалась» в таком месте, как святилище Святого Петра ^{[k 2]} . Когда королевское семейство прибыло в убежище, аббатство было почти пустым; под своё покровительство их принял аббат Вестминстера Томас Миллинг — добрый, гостеприимный человек, он не пожелал размещать королеву с детьми вместе с преступниками и уступил им свой дом у западного входа в аббатство, где имелись три комнаты и всё необходимое для удобства королевы ^[29] . Также, помощь ей оказывали простые лондонцы: мясник Джон Гулд жертвовал Елизавете Вудвилл половину коровы и двух овец в неделю, а торговец рыбой обеспечивал королеву провизией по пятницам и в дни постов ^[26] .

Несмотря на то, что Уорик открыто не любил королеву Елизавету, он не собирался преследовать женщину. Когда беременность Елизаветы подходила к концу к ней советниками Генриха VI была приставлена фрейлина Элизабет Грейсток, леди Скроуп, услуги которой также оплатили из казны. Во время родов к неё также были посланы акушерка Маргарет Кобб, получившая за услуги пенсию, а также личный врач Елизаветы — доктор Доминик де Сирего. В день Всех Святых, 1 ноября 1470 года ^[30] , или на следующий день ^[31] Елизавета разрешилась сыном; казалось весьма ироничным, что долгожданный наследник должен был родиться во время изгнания отца, однако рождение принца стало надеждой и утешением для сторонников короля Эдуарда IV. Однако сторонники короля Генриха VI считали, что рождение мальчика не имеет теперь никакого значения, ведь у самого Генриха уже есть наследник — Эдуард Вестминстерский ^[30] . Елизавета с детьми провела в убежище ещё пять месяцев. Она вполне осознавала, что её новорождённый сын может рассматриваться как угроза новому режиму. Она знала, что «безопасность её лица зависит исключительно от великой привилегии этого святого места». Но Уорик не планировал выводить Йорков из убежища силой, и королева с честью выдержала все испытания, выпавшие на её долю ^[32] .

Подстёгиваемый новостями о рождении наследника, получив поддержку герцога Бургундского, Эдуард IV начал собирать флот и поднимать армию, намереваясь вернуть своё королевство. Весной 1471 года он вторгся в Англию, завоёвывая графство за графством. В это же время Кларенс бросил Уорика и заключил мир со своим братом. 9 апреля, двигаясь к югу от Данстейбла, Эдуард отправил «очень обнадёживающее послание своей королеве» в святилище, дав ей основания надеяться, что он сможет победить своих врагов. Через два дня он беспрепятственно отправился в Лондон и вернул свой трон в соборе Святого Павла. Генриха VI снова свергли и вернули в Тауэр. В тот же день, после того, как Эдуард побывал на благодарственном молебне в Вестминстерском аббатстве, королева с детьми была выведена из убежища. Последовало радостное воссоединение, которое стало последней каплей для Елизаветы: она разразилась слезами, и Эдуарду пришлось успокаивать её. Испытания, пережитые Елизаветой в убежище, сказались на её здоровье, и она была буквально вымотана ^[33] .

Религиозная деятельность

Елизавета участвовала во всех актах христианского благочестия, которые соответствовали тому, что ожидается от средневековой королевы-консорта. Её действия включали паломничества, получение папской индульгенции для тех, кто трижды в день, стоя на коленях, читает молитву Ангел Господень , а также основание часовни Святого Эразма в Вестминстерском аббатстве ^[34] .

После внезапной смерти Эдуарда IV , вероятно от пневмонии, в апреле 1483 Елизавета стала вдовствующей королевой и пробыла ею 63 дня, пока её сын Эдуард V был королём, а его дядя , Герцог Глостерский , был лордом-протектором . Опасаясь того, что Вудвиллы попытаются монополизировать власть, Глостер решил быстро взять под контроль молодого короля и приказал арестовать Энтони Вудвилла и Ричарда Грея , брата и сына Елизаветы от первого брака. Молодой король был перевезён в Лондонский Тауэр в ожидании коронации. Елизавета вместе с младшим сыном и дочерьми вынуждена была вновь искать убежища. Лорд Гастингс , ведущий лондонский сторонник покойного короля, первоначально поддержал действия Глостера, но затем был обвинён Глостером в сговоре с Елизаветой Вудвилл против него. Гастингс был казнён без суда. Если какой-либо подобный заговор действительно имел место, то о нём ничего не известно ^[35] . Ричард обвинил Елизавету в заговоре с целью «убийства и абсолютного уничтожения» его ^[36] .

Gloucester, now intent on becoming king, executed the previously arrested son and brother of Elizabeth at Pontefract Castle , Yorkshire , on June 25, 1483 . In a parliamentary act, Titulus Regius (1 Ric. III), he stated that the children of his older brother, along with Elizabeth Woodville, were illegal on the grounds that his brother was engaged to the widow of Lady Eleanor Butler , which at that time was considered a legally binding contract, and as a result of which any other prenuptial agreements became invalid. Burgundian chronicler Philippe de Commin said that Robert Stillington , Bishop of Bath and Wales , claimed to have conducted a betrothal ceremony between Edward IV and Lady Eleanor. ^[37] In addition, the document contained allegations of witchcraft against Elizabeth, however, there were no details and further consequences. As a result, the Duke of Gloucester and the Lord Protector became King Richard III. Edward V, who did not cease to be king, and his brother Richard remained in the Tower. After mid- 1483, no one else saw them.

Elizabeth, now called Lady Elizabeth Gray ^[5] , plotted to free her sons and restore the eldest on the throne. However, when the Duke of Buckingham , one of King Richard ’s closest allies, joined the plot, he informed the former queen that the princes had been killed. Elizabeth and Buckingham entered into an alliance with Lady Margaret Beaufort and supported the claims of Margaret's son, Henry Tudor , great-great-great-grandson of King Edward III ^[38] , the closest male heir to the Lancaster who had the right to claim the throne with any degree of legality ^{[k 6 ]} . To strengthen their positions and unite the two hostile noble houses, Elizabeth Woodville and Margaret Beaufort agreed that the son of the latter should marry the eldest daughter of the first, Elizabeth of York , who, after declaring her brothers dead, became the heiress of the York house. Henry Tudor agreed with this plan, and in December he publicly vowed at Rennes Cathedral , France. A month earlier, an uprising raised by Buckingham in their favor was crushed.

At the first parliamentary meeting, Richard III in January 1484 deprived Elizabeth of all the lands that she received during the reign of Edward IV ^[39] . On March 1, 1484, Elizabeth and her daughters left the shelter after Richard III publicly vowed that her daughters would not be harmed and would not be annoyed; in addition, Richard promised that they would not be imprisoned in the Tower or any other prison. He also promised to give them a dowry and marry them to “born gentlemen”. The family returned to the court, resigned outwardly to the fact that Richard was in power. After the death of the wife of Richard III, Anna Neville , in March 1485 , rumors spread that the widowed king intended to marry his beautiful and young niece, Elizabeth of York ^[40] . Richard III made a rebuttal; although, according to the Crowland Chronicle, he was pressured by the enemies of Woodville, who feared that they would have to return the lands taken from the Woodville.

In 1485, Henry Tudor invaded England and defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth . Having become king, Henry married Elizabeth of York and abolished Titulus Regius ^[41] . Elizabeth Woodville was given the title and honors of the Dowager Queen ^[42] .

Scholars disagree on why the Dowager Queen Elizabeth spent the last five years of her life in Bermondzi Abbey , which she left on February 12, 1487 . So, David Baldwin believes that Henry VII forced her to leave the courtyard, and Arlene Okerland presents evidence from July 1486 that Elizabeth herself already planned to leave the courtyard to live a religious, contemplative life in the abbey ^[43] . Another reason for her forced removal from the court is the involvement of Elizabeth (direct or indirect ^{[to 7]} ) in the rebellion of the Yorkists led by Lambert Simnel in 1487 ^{[44] [45]} .

In the abbey, Elizabeth was surrounded by respect due to her status and led a regal lifestyle, receiving £ 400 pensions and small gifts from her son-in-law. Elizabeth was present at the birth of Margarita’s granddaughter in the Palace of Westminster in November 1489 and at the birth of her grandson, the future Henry VIII, in Greenwich Palace in June 1491 . Her daughter, Queen Elizabeth , visited Elizabeth Woodville at the Abbey when she had the opportunity; Elizabeth had a more frequent visitor to her other daughter, Cecily of York .

For some time, Henry VII intended to marry his mother-in-law to the Scottish king James III , when his wife, Margarita of Denmark , died in 1486 ^[46] . However, Jacob III was killed in battle in 1488, making Henry VII's plans unrealizable.

Elizabeth Woodville died on June 8, 1492 at Bermondzi Abbey ^[5] . With the exception of the queen, who was expecting the birth of her fourth child, and Cecily of York, all the daughters of Elizabeth attended the funeral at Windsor Castle: Anna York (the future wife of Thomas Howard ), Katerina York (the future Countess Devon ) and Bridget York (the nun in Dartford Priory) . Elizabeth's will was in a modest ceremony ^[47] . The surviving accounts of her funeral of June 12, 1492 show that at least “it is clearly felt that the queen’s funeral should have been more luxurious” and perhaps the objection is that “Henry VII did not consider it necessary to organize a more regal funeral of his mother-in-law”, despite the fact that it was the will of the most deceased ^[47] . Elizabeth was buried next to her second husband in the chapel of St. George in Windsor Castle ^[5] .

From John Gray

• Thomas Gray (c. 1455 - September 20, 1501 ), 7th Baron Ferrers of Grouby from 1483, 1st Earl of Huntingdon from 1471, 1st Marquis of Dorset from 1475
• Richard Gray (c. 1460 - June 25, 1483 )

From Edward IV

• Elizabeth of York ( February 11, 1466 - February 11, 1503 ); husband: from January 18, 1486 Henry VII ( January 28, 1457 - April 21, 1509 ), Earl of Richmond from 1462, king of England from 1485;
• Mary of York ( August 11, 1467 - May 23, 1482 );
• Cecilia of York ( March 20, 1469 - August 24, 1507 ); 1st husband: from 1485 (divorce 1486) Ralph Le Scroupe (after 1459 - September 17, 1515 ), 8th baron Scrope from Meshem from approx. 1512; 2nd husband: from November 25, 1487/1 January 1488 John Wells (d. February 9, 1499 ), 1st Viscount Wells from February 8, 1485/1486; 3rd husband: from May 13, 1502 / March 1504 Thomas Kaim of Wainflit
• Edward V ( November 1–4 , 1470–1483?), Earl March and Pembroke from 1479, King of England in 1483;
• Margaret of York ( April 10, 1472 - December 11, 1472 );
• Richard Shrewsbury ( August 17, 1473 - 1483?), Duke of York from 1474, Earl of Nottingham from 1476, Duke of Norfolk , Earl of Surrey and Varennes from 1477;
• Anna York ( November 2, 1475 - November 23, 1511 ); husband: from February 4, 1495 Thomas Howard ( 1473 - August 25, 1554 ), 2nd Earl of Surrey from 1514, 3rd Duke of Norfolk from 1524;
• George of Windsor ( 1477 - March 1479 );
• Katerina of York ( August 14, 1479 - November 15, 1527 ); husband: from 1495 William Courtenay (c. 1475 - June 9, 1511 ), 1st Earl of Devon from 1511
• Brigitte of York ( November 10 or 20, 1480 - until 1513 ), nun at the Dartford Monastery in Kent.

Literature

The love of Edward IV for his wife is noted in the 75th sonnet of Philip Sidney ^[48] (written in 1586, first published in 1591). Elizabeth is a character in the Shakespearean plays of Henry VI, Part 3 and Richard III .

In addition, Elizabeth Woodville, one way or another, is a character in the following literary works:

• Edward Bullwer-Lytton (1843) online
• Dickon Marjorie Bowen (1929)
• Daughter of Time Josephine Tay (1951)
• The King's Gray Mare Rosemary Howley Jarman (1972)
• The Sunne in Splendour Sharon Kay Penman (1982)
• The Sun in Spendour Jane Playdy (1982)
• Lady Rose Sandra Worth (2008)
• The Secret Alchemy of Emma Darwin (2009)
• 2009] and other books of the Cousins ​​War series by Philippa Gregory

Cinema and television

Movie

• Richard III ( 1911 , played by Violet Farrebrazer)
• Richard III ( 1912 , played by Keri Lee)
• Children of Edward ( 1914 , the role was played by Jeanne Delveira)
• Jane Shore ( 1915 , played by Mod Yates)
• Death Tower ( 1939 , played by Barbara O'Neill )
• Richard III ( 1955 , the role was played by Mary Curridge)
• Richard III ( 1973 , played by Rita Bekes)
• Richard III ( 1995 , played by Annette Bening )
• Finding Richard ( 1996 , played by Penelope Allen)
• Richard III ( 2005 , played by Carolyn Burns Cook)
• Richard III ( 2008 , the role was played by Maria Conchita Alonso )

A television

• ( 1960 , played by Jane Wenham)
• ( 1965 , starred by Susan Angel)
• The third part of Henry the Sixth and the Tragedy of Richard III ( 1983 , the role was played by Rowena Cooper)
• Empty Crown ( 2012 , played by Keely Howes )
• The White Queen ( 2013 , played by Rebecca Ferguson )
• The White Princess ( 2017 , played by Essy Davis )

Two schools carry the name of Elizabeth Woodville: a primary school in Groby , Leicestershire (1971) ^[49] and a in Northamptonshire (2013) ^[50] .

Sources

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• Gairdner, James. Elizabeth (1465-1503) // / ed. Leslie Stephen. — Smith, Elder & Co, 1889. — Vol. 17. — P. 200—203.
• Loades, David. Tudor Queens of England . — A&C Black, 2009. — P. 71—86. — 264 p. — ISBN 184725019X , 9781847250193.
• Okerlund, Arlene Naylor. Elizabeth of York . — Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. — 263 p. — ISBN 0230100651 , 9780230100657.
• Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy . — Random House, 2011. — P. 149. — 400 p. — ISBN 1446449114 , 9781446449110.
• Weir, Alison. Elizabeth of York: The First Tudor Queen . — Random House, 2013. — 576 p. — ISBN 1448191386 , 9781448191383.

• Елизавета Вудвиль // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Устинов В. Г. Столетняя война и Войны Роз. — М. : АСТ: Астрель, Хранитель, 2007. — 637 с. — (Историческая библиотека). — 1500 экз. — ISBN 978-5-17-042765-9 .
• David Baldwin. Elizabeth Woodville . — Stroud, 2002.
• Christine Carpenter. The Wars of the Roses . — Cambridge, 1997.
• Philippa Gregory, David Baldwin, Michael Jones. The Women of the Cousins' War. — Simon & Schuster, 2011.
• Michael Hicks. Edward V . — Stroud, 2003.
• Rosemary Horrox. Richard III: A Study of Service . — Cambridge, 1989.
• JL Laynesmith. The Last Medieval Queens . — Oxford, 2004.
• AR Myers. Crown, Household and Parliament in Fifteenth-Century England . — London and Ronceverte: A&C Black, 1985. — С. 251—319. — 400 с. — ISBN 082644685X , 9780826446855.
• Arlene Okerlund. Elizabeth Wydeville: The Slandered Queen / England's Slandered Queen . — Stroud, 2005 / 2006.
• Charles Ross. Edward IV . — Berkeley, 1974.
• George Smith. The Coronation of Elizabeth Wydeville. — Gloucester: Gloucester Reprints, 1975.
• Anne Sutton and Livia Visser-Fuchs. A Most Benevolent Queen': Queen Elizabeth Woodville's Reputation, Her Piety, and Her Books. — The Ricardian, 1995. — Т. X. — С. 129, 214–245.

• Earls Rivers 1466-1491 (Wydeville) (англ.) . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Дата обращения 4 января 2012.
• Brief notes, the portrait and the coat of arms (Queens' College Cambridge)