Lukashin, Ilya Denisovich

Born July 15 (27), 1894 in the family of a peasant in the Tula province of Aleksinsky district of Afanasyevsky volost ^[1] . At the age of 7, he was taken by his father in Orel .
“In the city, my father had a small bakery,” Lukashin writes in the dusty autobiography. - He dreamed of having his own house in order to become independent from other people. He was constantly overwhelmed with anxiety for the existence of his family. At night, baked bread and bread, and in the afternoon I was engaged in preparatory work, devoting two to three hours to rest. ”

In Orel, Alyosha studied at school for four years, then became a singer. Lukashin’s father was offered to give a capable boy to the treasury at the seminary, but he did not agree. “Better make the kalachi,” he said. Work in a bakery, musty family life did not satisfy the future writer. He fled from home, wandered around Russia, changed professions. He worked as a janitor and trader, a singer in the church, a baker in a monastery and Moscow bakeries.

The observations obtained during these years formed the basis of most of Lukashin’s works. The search for the right path in life leads him into the ranks of the revolutionary movement.

In 1918, Ilya Denisovich Lukashin joined the ranks of the RCP (b) .

During the Civil War, Lukashin worked as the Commissar of Education of the Oryol Uyezd, a member of the editorial board of the Oryol Truth, and participated in the fighting of the Red Army.

Creativity

Lukashin began to write early, as a child. His first story, Katya Beauty, was published in 1906 in the underground Moscow newspaper Rabochiy Den. In 1917, in the magazine "Life for All", his story appeared "For bread" ^[1] .
The first collection of stories by Lukashin was published in Orel in 1918 ^[2] . In the future, Lukashin publishes a number of collections of short stories and short stories (“Confession of the proletariat” (1922) ^[3] , “Notes of a cast-iron man”, “Dusty”, “Alyoshin patterns”), invariably gravitating to work, partly to peasant themes ^[2] .
Lukashin also published collections of poems (“Shoots of creativity”, “My songs”); Lukashin’s works were also published in the collection of Oryol poets and writers “Green Noise” (1922) ^[1] .

The social optimism of Lukashin’s stories, the revolutionary pathos of the civil war, sung in romantic tones, are related to a significant part of the first speeches of working poets and prose writers. Organizationally, Lukashin in this period adjoins the Forge .

Ilya Denisovich wrote the following stories:

• 1922 - “The Story of a Mansion,”
• 1926 - “The Headquarters of Ivan Anikeevich”;

stories:

• "Commissar Yeryoma" (1922-1923),
• Notes of a Cast Iron Man (1923),
• “What Zuleika Sang About” (1923),
• The Troubles (1924),
• "Artyomka-partisan" (1926),
• "Tin (1926);
• "Isakiy Dolmatsky" - comedy (1918);

legends:

• Amazing bagels,
• "What Owl spoke of" (1927) ^[4] .

In the late 1920s, Lukashin lived in Moscow; his stories and essays, poems and articles were published in literary collections, newspapers and magazines. Among these works:

Separate editions are published by Lukashin's novels, “Dusty,” “The City of Replay,” novels, “Kvashnya,” “Through Stumps.”

Style Analysis

Among the graphic means of Lukashin, it is necessary to note the abundance of dialectisms drawn from the linguistic environment of the working and peasant dialect , the frequent use of tale , the predominance of a short phrase . Lukashin's stories are sketchy, but not without amusement and humor .

The artistic growth of Lukashin in subsequent years is extremely slowed down. The latter should undoubtedly be associated with the presence in the work of Lukashin of a number of idealistic and mechanistic remnants.

This was most pronounced in Lukashin's novel Through Stumps (1927). In Lukashin’s view, society is mechanically divided into “ good ” and “ evil ”. The movement of events is motivated by the volitional aspirations of individuals. Heroes from the working environment are given by Lukashin outside the class struggle. It is necessary to note the excessive saturation of the novel with physiologism.

Lukashin himself considered himself a follower of M. Gorky . He speaks about this in his article “Bitter as a teacher”. Critics of those years wrote about the same thing.

Most of Lukashin’s works are autobiographical; some of them are entirely devoted to the terrible existence of baker workers, whose life Lukashin knew so well.

1930s

In the 30s, Lukashin lived in Crimea, published his essays and stories in the newspapers Krasnaya Kerch, Krasny Krym and others. In terms of style, Lukashin returns to a small narrative form and works on essays on collective farms.
The latest publication by Lukashin appears in the journal Literary Azerbaijan in 1937 ^[1] .

Lukashin himself considered himself a writer of the revolution: "I consider it necessary to say that the Soviet government made me a writer, for which I will be faithful to it to the end."

Bibliography

1. Lviv-Rogachevsky, Poetry of a New Russia, M., 1919; Polyansky V., Motives of working poetry, in the team. his "On the literary front", M., 1924; Lezhnev A., “Press and Revolution”, 1927, No. 5; Zhits F., “Krasnaya nov”, 1927, No. 4 (reviews of the compilation novels and short stories “Dusty”, Moscow, 1927).
2. Vladislavlev I.V., Literature of the Great Decade (1917-1927), vol. I, Guise, Moscow - Leningrad, 1928.

Interesting Facts

The second edition of the book “Confession of the Proletariat” by Lukashin is stored in the personal library of V.I. Lenin in the Kremlin , autographed by the author, dedicated to N.K. Krupskaya : “Dear Krupskaya-Ulyanova, for good memory from the author. 16 / VI-20 Oryol, Ilya Lukashin ” ^[1] .

• Literary Encyclopedia. - In 11 t.; M .: publishing house of the Communist Academy, Soviet Encyclopedia, Fiction. Edited by V. M. Frice, A. V. Lunacharsky. 1929-1939.

• Literary Encyclopedia.
• Chastooshki: A collection of Komsomol and household chastooshkas in the coverage of a new village / Ed. Ilya Lukashin. M .: G.F. Mirimanov, 1926.