Heinrich von Dickoff ( German: Heinrich von Dieckhoff , November 16, 1833 , Poltava - October 28, 1911 , Moscow , Russian Empire ) - Moscow pastor, chief pastor, then bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church , organizer of training and education of children with visual impairments in Of Russia.
| Bishop Heinrich von Dyckhoff | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| him. Heinrich von dieckhoff | |||||||||
 G. G. Dickoff, 1910 | |||||||||
| Church | Evangelical Lutheran Church | ||||||||
| Period | 1908 - 1911 | ||||||||
| Ordination | 1858 - pastor, since 1862 - chief pastor | ||||||||
| Academic rank | PhD theology | ||||||||
| Date of Birth | |||||||||
| Date of death | |||||||||
| Awards and prizes |
Foreign:
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Content
Short Biography
- Born November 16, 1833 in Poltava, in the family of Lutheran pastor Karl Heinrich Wilhelm von Dikhof.
- Received secondary education at the Peter and Paul Gymnasium in Moscow.
- In 1852 he entered the theological faculty of the University of Dorpat .
- In 1856 he graduated from the university, receiving the title of candidate of theology .
- In 1858, he was ordained pastor and appointed assistant to his father, Karl Heinrich Wilhelm, head of the Moscow Consistory and senior pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran community of Sts. Peter and Paul in Moscow.
- In 1860 he took part in the creation of the Arnold school for the deaf.
- In 1862, takes office as chief pastor of the community of Sts. Peter and Paul.
- In 1872, he created the Council of Founders of the Moscow educational institution for blind children.
- In 1882, thanks to the money raised by the Dikhof Council, a school for blind children was created in Moscow.
- In 1908, Dykhof was awarded the honorary title of bishop. [one]
- He died on October 28, 1911. He was buried at Vvedensky cemetery [2] in Moscow.
Contribution to the Learning of the Blind and the Deaf
As chief pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Sts. Peter and Paul , Henry Dickoff initiated the creation of a new type of institution for blind children. Even in his youth, he supported the undertakings of the deaf co-religionist Ivan Karlovich Arnold, in every possible way helping to open a school for deaf children in Moscow.
During foreign trips, Dikhof visited leading European charity and educational institutions in Austria, Germany and Switzerland for children with developmental disabilities. Dickoff became acquainted with the organization and practical activities of the oldest institutes of the blind in Vienna, Hanover and Dresden, and Swiss schools in Ilanz and Lausanne. He specially studied the classical German works on typhlopedagogics K. Georgi, I. Klein, A. Tseyne, as well as the Swiss Girzel , who published the Bible in relief print, and the works of F. Gill, I. Fatter, K. Hepert on sign language education.
During one of his trips, he unexpectedly met with Empress Maria Alexandrovna, traveling in the same regions, and got the opportunity not only to talk with her, but also to devote her to his plans. The empress favored the priest's projects and approved of his initiative. After returning to Moscow, July 19, 1871, Dikgof sent the empress a detailed memorandum containing a project for the organization of special education in Russia.
Meanwhile, in Moscow everything is working out perfectly, the International Polytechnic Exhibition (1872) opens here, and Dikhof, who was a member of the Moscow Society of Lovers of Natural History, Anthropology and Ethnography, is elected chairman of its Pedagogical Department. In the corresponding part of the exhibition, it was supposed to present materials on the problem of primary education, including on the education and training of blind and deaf-mute children. In preparing the exposition, Dykhoff includes a number of special guides and manuals published in Austria, England, Germany, France, Switzerland, as well as two small brochures of their own: “On Deaf-Mute” and “On the Education and Training of Blind Children”. In them, the author introduced compatriots to the European experience in helping children with hearing and visual impairment. His energetic efforts were again seen and approved by the empress.
Preparing for School Opening
Dikhof, who dreamed of opening a school for blind children, turns to the noble and well-known compatriots with a proposal to organize a special trustee society in Moscow. The idea was supported by Prince A. B. Meshchersky, Prince D. M. Golitsyn, brothers P. P. Botkin and D. P. Botkin , G. I. Brown, I. Yu. Davidov, V. D. Konshin , K. K Schildbach , D. D. Schumacher, organized in 1874 the so-called Council of Founders. A draft Charter of Guardianship was immediately prepared and, in accordance with strictly applicable rules, sent it for approval to the Ministry of the Interior. Formally, the Charter did not raise objections, but the official permit contained a reservation that seriously hampered the real deal. The government allowed to open an educational institution for the blind with the condition to pre-prepare a suitable room and raise an initial capital of 20 thousand rubles. Over the next two years only half of the required amount was collected, but in the meantime the time allotted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs for organizing the school had expired. It was only thanks to the intervention of the Moscow Governor-General of Prince V. A. Dolgorukov that a delay was achieved.
Faced with bureaucratic obstacles, the founders create a Steering Committee (1881), which includes Moscow Governor-General Prince V. A. Dolgorukov (Honorary Chairman), G. G. Dikhof (Chairman), F. M. Sukhotin (Vice Chairman) , O. F. Bergman (treasurer), I. O. Blok (secretary), Prince N. B. Trubetskoy, Prince V. A. Obolensky, A. E. Vreto, I. Yu. Davidov, L. K. Zenger , V.V. Chertova and K.K.Schildbach, whose members took upon themselves the search for funds and premises for the future school [3] .
Opening
In 1882, the Moscow educational institution for blind children opened, accepting twenty pupils. Characteristically, the Guardian Society extended its care to children who lived mainly in Moscow and the Moscow province, without distinction of religion and origin. At school, blind children received primary education, including God's Law, Russian language, arithmetic, natural history, geography and history, but the main attention was paid to vocational training: boys made baskets and furniture, bound books and worked in printing houses, and girls sewed, embroidered and knitted . Musically gifted children learned to play musical instruments not by ear, but by convex notes. Among the first music teachers of this school of the blind was the chief conductor of the Bolshoi Theater I.K. Altani , who taught children to play the piano for free. Muscovites enjoyed constant success with performances by the choir and orchestra of the school’s pupils.
Initially, only 20 children studied at the school, for 30 years - from 1882 to 1912 - 114 people graduated from the school for blind children, 101 of them were employed. Some became skilled artisans, others became musicians and singers who performed in the spiritual choir of the blind under the leadership of J. K. Sorokin (founded in 1897) or the orchestra organized in 1899 by the Bolshoi Theater bandmaster V.V. Geisler [4] .
The school, created by G. G. Dikgof, is currently the Moscow State Budgetary Educational Institution “Boarding School No. 1 for the Training and Rehabilitation of the Blind,” a special (correctional) school of types III-IV for totally blind children, children with profound impairments vision and visually impaired children is the only institution in Moscow where children with visual impairments and children with visual impairments of the first group are trained, educated and rehabilitated [5] . Now it is located at the address: Moscow, Mytishchinskaya 3rd St., house 5. On the school building there is a memorial plaque in memory of its founder G. G. Dikhof.
Notes
- ↑ G. G. Dikhof - Evangelical Lutheran community of Sts. Peter and Paul in Moscow
- ↑ Tomb of Dikhof von Heinrich Genrihovich (1833-1911)
- ↑ Malofeev N.N. Education of the blind in Russia of the 19th century: states and philanthropy // Defectology.- 2004.- No. 5.
- ↑ Toman I. B. Articles about the cultural and historical centers of Russia - Moscow Germans: historical and cultural monuments
- ↑ Our History Archived copy of June 1, 2015 on Wayback Machine - the official website of Boarding School No. 1 for the training and rehabilitation of the blind