Elfric ( dr. Ælfric , Eng. Elfric ; died November 16, 1005 ) - Archbishop of Canterbury in 995-1005. He was Abbot of St. Albans and Bishop of Ramsbury , and probably also Abbot of Abingdon . After the election of the archbishops of Canterbury, the bishopric of Ramsbury remained until his death in 1005. Elfric could change the composition of the Canterbury cathedral chapel , replacing the white clergy at the cathedral with monks. In the will, he left several ships to the consignees, one of which was King Ethelred II . Revered as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church .
| Elfric Ebingdon Ælfric of Abingdon | |
| Archbishop of Canterbury | |
| Dedication | OK. 992 years |
|---|---|
| Intronization | April 21, 995 |
| End of board | November 16, 1005 |
| Predecessor | Sigerik Serious |
| Successor | Alfage |
| Died | November 16, 1005 Canterbury |
| Buried | Canterbury |
| Holiness | |
| Celebration | November 16th |
Content
Early years
Elfric was the son of Earl of Kent [1] and a monk at Abingdon Abbey in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire), where he most likely became an abbot [2] , although some historians disagree. Although Elfric is named an abbot in the chronicle of Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis , he is not listed on the abbots. An indirect confirmation of the fact that he nevertheless held this position in Abingdon is a gift to Elfric personally during his stay in the dignity of the archbishop of the land, previously unjustly taken from Abingdon. After the death of Elfric, she was supposed to return to the abbey [2] . Around 975, Elfric became an abbot at St. Albans. [3]
Bishop and Archbishop
Between 991 and 993, Elfric became bishop of Ramsbury [4] , possibly remaining the abbot of St. Albans; after some time, the head of the abbey was his brother Leofrick [2] . On April 21, 995 [5] he was elected Archbishop of Canterbury in Amesbury by King Ethelred and Withenhemoth , becoming the successor in this department to the deceased Archbishop of Sigeric [6] . Elfric remained Bishop of Ramsbury and Archbishop of Canterbury until his death. [7] The story that at first his brother was elected archbishop, but he refused, is due to confusion in the work of Matthew of Paris ; historians generally do not consider this episode reliable [2] .
Elfric's appointment to Canterbury caused dissatisfaction with the ministers of the cathedral chapter. The chapter sent two of its members to Rome forward Elfric, trying to secure the appointment of one of these monks by the archbishop. Pope Gregory V , however, did not want to confirm the candidates who did not have royal approval [8] , and in 997 handed Elfric pallium - a symbol of the authority of the archbishop [9] . Elfric also witnessed miracles at the grave of Edward the Martyr in Shaftesbury Abbey , which contributed to the canonization of the latter [10] .
Death and Heritage
Elfric died on November 16, 1005 [5] and was buried in Abingdon Abbey; later the relics were transferred to Canterbury Cathedral . His will was preserved: he left several ships to the people of Wiltshire and Kent , and the best - for 60 people - to King Ethelred [2] [11] . The biography of Dunstan compiled at the end of the 10th century was dedicated to Elfric [2] [12] . Revered as a saint; Memorial Day - November 16th [13] .
Notes
- ↑ Barlow, 1979 , p. 125.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mason, 2004 .
- ↑ Knowles, 2001 , p. 65.
- ↑ Fryde, 1996 , p. 220.
- ↑ 1 2 Fryde, 1996 , p. 214.
- ↑ Williams, 2003 , p. 20.
- ↑ Williams, 2003 , p. 36.
- ↑ Barlow, 1979 , p. 103.
- ↑ Ortenberg, 1999 , p. 49.
- ↑ O'Brien, 2005 , pp. 52-53.
- ↑ Williams, 2003 , pp. 81-82.
- ↑ Darlington, 1936 , p. 389.
- ↑ Walsh, 2007 , p. 12.
Literature
- Barlow, Frank. The English Church 1000–1066: A History of the Later Anglo-Saxon Church. - Second. - New York: Longman, 1979. - ISBN 0-582-49049-9 .
- Darlington, RR Ecclesiastical Reform in the Late Old English Period // The English Historical Review. - 1936. - T. 51, No. 203 (July). - P. 385-428. - DOI : 10.1093 / ehr / LI.CCIII.385 .
- Fryde, EB, Greenway, DE, Porter, S., Roy, I. Handbook of British Chronology. - Third revised. - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. - ISBN 0-521-56350-X .
- Knowles, David, London, Vera CM, Brooke, Christopher. The Heads of Religious Houses, England and Wales, 940-1216. - Second. - Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001 .-- ISBN 0-521-80452-3 .
- Mason, Emma. Ælfric (d. 1005) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . - Oxford University Press, 2004.
- O'Brien, Harriet. Queen Emma and the Vikings: A History of Power, Love and Greed in Eleventh-Century England. - New York: Bloomsbury USA, 2005 .-- ISBN 1-58234-596-1 .
- Ortenberg, Veronica. The Anglo-Saxon Church and the Papacy // The English Church and the Papacy in the Middle Ages / Lawrence, CH. - Reprint. - Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 1999 .-- P. 29-62. - ISBN 0-7509-1947-7 .
- Walsh, Michael J. A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West. - London: Burns & Oats, 2007 .-- ISBN 0-86012-438-X .
- Williams, Ann. Aethelred the Unready: The Ill-Counselled King. - London: Hambledon & London, 2003 .-- ISBN 1-85285-382-4 .