BM "Oplot"

Development

The tank was developed by the HCMB them. Morozov on the basis of the Soviet main tank T-80UD .

The chief designer of the machine - D. Tech. N., prof., General-Leith. M. D. Borisyuk , general designer for the creation of armored vehicles and artillery systems, head of the KPBM CP.

Manufactured by the ZTM plant . Malysheva .

The tank has a classic layout , with a control compartment located in the bow, a fighting compartment in the middle and a motor-transmission compartment in the aft. As on the T-84, BM “Oplot” used an automatic loader, which allowed to have a crew of three people - a driver, gunner and commander. The driver is located in the center. The tank commander is placed on the right, and the gunner on the left, each of them has a hatch for landing / disembarkation.

From the previous KhKBM tanks (T-80UD, T-84 ) BM Oplot is distinguished by an improvement in the following characteristics:

Fire control

• new fire control system ;
• barrel bending accounting system;
• combined panoramic sight of the commander with independent day and night (thermal imaging) channels and a laser range finder;

Protection

• welded turret of a new form of rolled armored steel;
• large side screens that provide additional protection for the sides of the hull and chassis from manual anti-tank grenade launchers;
• built-in DZ "Duplet" (outwardly resembling "Knife-2"), providing better protection against armor-piercing shells and tandem cumulative ammunition ;
• complex " Warta " ;

Mobility

• new integrated tank control system that provides automatic gear shifting and smooth turning while driving;
• 6TD-2E engine with a capacity of 1200 liters. from. with reduced smoke and exhaust toxicity;
• diesel auxiliary power plant with a capacity of 10 kW;
• new on-board computer of the driver, new radio communications .

Firepower

Primary Weapons

The main armament of the tank is the KBA-Z 125-mm smoothbore gun , which is a copy with small modifications of the 2A46 M-1 gun of the 1970 design ^[6] , which has a barrel length of 48 calibers and is equipped with a conveyor-type automatic loader ^{[7] [8]} . The gun is equipped with an ejector of powder gases, a thermocasing and is stabilized in two planes.

The gun barrel is quick-detachable, as in the 2A46M, and can be replaced in the field without dismantling the turret from the tank. The turret rotation drive is electric, the gun drive is hydraulic. The tower rotates 180 degrees in less than 5 seconds (the rotation speed of the tower relative to the hull is up to 40 deg / s) . In the event of an emergency, redundant mechanical gun and turret guidance drives are provided.

The ammunition of the gun is 46 rounds of separate-shell loading, of which 28 are placed in the automatic loader. BM "Oplot" is capable of firing armor-piercing, high-explosive, cumulative, high-explosive fragmentation shells and ATGM "Combat" with a semi-active laser beam control system.

The rate of the tank is up to 8 rounds / min. (7-12.5 seconds for loading one shot), which is achieved by the automatic loader and tandem chambering (projectile charge) in one cycle. Removing the firing pan is done by automatically trapping and placing it in an empty tray without depressurizing the fighting compartment. The loading time of the conveyor of the automatic loader shots is 15-20 minutes. Duplicate conveyor drives of the automatic loader and manual loading mechanism are also provided.

Guided Weapons

A distinctive feature of the tank is the KUV (guided weapons complex), which allows firing from a cannon with guided missiles (ATGMs) " Combat " with laser guidance at distances of up to 5 km, in contrast to the T-64B and T-80B - up to 4 km, and provides armor penetration for dynamic protection of at least 750 mm ^[9] . ATGMs are located in the automatic loader in the same way as conventional shells.

ATGM "Combat" for almost the entire flight conducted above the line of sight, and its transfer directly to the target is carried out automatically just 0.3 seconds before the moment of defeat. This solution compares favorably with laser illumination of the target throughout the entire flight of the rocket in that the enemy cannot interfere with the ATGMs, relying only on laser radiation sensors .

ATGM Combat shooting is possible at tank speeds of up to 30 km / h, for targets moving at speeds of up to 70 km / h ^[10] .

Auxiliary weapons

The tank is equipped with auxiliary weapons:

• KT-12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun ( NSVT , ammunition 3 × 150 rounds) with a remote control system; vertical guidance angle is from −3 ° to + 60 °, along the course - in the range of ± 75 °; the machine gun is stabilized vertically in the range from −3 ° to + 20 °;
• coaxial with a cannon KT-7.62 mm machine gun ( PKT , ammunition - 1250 rounds).

Fire control system and sights

BM “Oplot” fire control system (LMS) provides round-the-clock and all-weather aiming and firing from a cannon, coaxial and anti-aircraft machine guns, including the tank commander ^[11] . The tank's FCS includes:

• sighting system:
  • gunner’s day sight “Promin” 1G46M is equipped with independent stabilization in two planes, a laser range finder (up to 5,115 m with an accuracy of ± 10 m) and a semi-active control channel of ATGM “Combat” . It has a multiplicity of 2.7-12x ^[12] .
  • gunner’s thermal imaging complex PTT-2 ^[13] . Designed to detect ground and air targets, and aimed fire at them day and night. The detection range of targets is up to 8000 m, recognition - 4500 m and identification - 2500 m (at ΔТ ≥ 2 ° K, in a narrow field of view) ^[14] .
  • panoramic sighting system of the commander PNK-6 ^[15] . Designed to detect ground and air targets from the commander’s place, and to aim at them day and night. Equipped with a laser range finder. The detection range of targets like a tank is 5500-8000 m ^[14] .
• weapon stabilizer 2E42M
• SUIT (barrel bend accounting system) improves firing accuracy due to automatic correction of aiming angles and lateral lead generated by a ballistic computer, taking into account thermal bending of the barrel from solar radiation and self-heating during intense shooting ^[16] .
• remote control system for anti-aircraft machine gun 1ETs29M.

Security and Survival

Ballistic Protection

BM "Oplot" has a combined defense system, which includes passive armor, built-in dynamic defense and a number of other defense systems that increase the survival of the tank on the battlefield. Armor is multi-layered, consisting of armor plates and ceramic materials. The roof of the tower is made completely stamped, which increases its rigidity and provides good adaptability and stable quality in serial production.

On the front of the hull, turret and sides of the tank, there is a built-in DZ (dynamic protection) of the new generation “Duplet” ^[17] , which provides protection against cumulative and armor-piercing-ammunition. The modular design allows for quick replacement of protection elements during modernization or damage. Wide rubber screens are installed on the sides of the BM Oplot hull, providing additional protection against hand-held anti-tank weapons of the RPG-7 type . Elements of the Duplet DZ do not detonate when 12.7 mm caliber bullets, armor-piercing shells of caliber up to 30 mm and shell fragments. In this case, the detonation of dynamic protection occurs from a close gap of a 125-mm high-explosive fragmentation projectile ^[18] .

The principle of action of dynamic protection is based on the initialization of many cumulative jets in order to cut the attacking ammunition into pieces. Protection can destroy the tandem ammunition, cutting the main charge, with a successful angle of contact. However, such a construct makes it impossible to protect against tandem ammunition with a large separation of charge along the length, and also tends to undermine neighboring protection modules ^[19] .

DZ "Duplet" does not require maintenance and is safe to handle. The installation of this DZ is possible by the crew without special devices for 2.5-3 hours (doubtful). Dynamic protection modules cannot be repaired in the field ^[18] .

According to the manufacturer of the tank, VPTDZ (built-in anti-tandem dynamic protection) "Oplot-M" provides protection against ^[11] :

• anti-tank manual and easel grenade launchers, and recoilless guns;
• anti-tank missiles of the type "TOU-2" , "Milan" , "Storm-S" ;
• cumulative shells of smooth - bore tank guns of 125 mm caliber (3BK18M, 3BK18, 3BK14M, 3BK14);
• armor-piercing armor-piercing shells of smooth - bore tank guns of caliber 125 mm (3БМ22, 3БМ26, 3БМ42) and 120 mm tracer feathered armor-shell with detachable tray Cl3069.

Dynamic protection reduces penetration of armor-piercing projectile is 25%, the effectiveness of anti-tank missiles is reduced by 60%, and cumulative shells - by 40% ^[18] .

Mine protection ensures the survival of the crew when undermining under a caterpillar of mines with a TNT equivalent of 10 kg, and under the bottom (in the front compartment) - up to 4 kg.

The tank is equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing system in the inhabited compartment and MTO. The Oplot-M also has PRXR-M1 (a radiation and chemical reconnaissance device) and a defense system against weapons of mass destruction .

Active Defense

The active protection of BM Oplot provides for the use of the Warta COEP (optical-electronic countermeasure complex) ^{[20] [21]} for the installation of air curtains and active protection for the destruction of the Barrier ammunition ^[22] .

"Warta" is able to detect laser aiming on the tank and put a smoke screen. The obvious drawback of the complex is the inability to respond to the flight of the attacking ammunition due to the lack of radar. Modern ATGMs with laser guidance, such as the Cornet or Skif, and the ATGM Combat itself, which is equipped with the tank, direct the laser beam above the target most of the missile’s flight and lower the laser at the target 0.3 seconds before it hits, when the guidance is actually completed and the curtain is limitedly effective. Warta is not intended for the production of aerosol curtains that are opaque in the infrared range, since the complex has no means of detecting anti- tank missiles with an infrared seeker . Nevertheless, the complex is useful for reacting to laser rangefinders of artillery systems and against a number of ATGMs.

For the tank, the active defense “Barrier” ^[22] with sufficiently advanced characteristics was developed. The defense consists of modules, each of which is equipped with its own mini-radar with a range of 2-3 meters and a non-firing grenade to destroy the attacking ammunition. Instead of firing a grenade, as in other KAZs, an electric motor extends a cylinder with a grenade and a miniradar. Undermining the attacking ammunition is carried out in 0.5-1 meters from the tank. This design makes it easy enough to implement protection of the upper hemisphere and organize full or partial protection of the tank. Also, the absence of the need to calculate the trajectory of the protective munition allows to achieve high performance, sufficient even to destroy not only missiles, but also armor-piercing projectiles. True, the developers were able to demonstrate only the ability to intercept the “Zakolka” 3BM22 of the 1976 design, in which the speed is about 2 times lower at the final segment of the trajectory than in modern BOPS ^[23] . Nevertheless, the ability to respond to sub-caliber armor-piercing shells is quite unique for active defense complexes.

An essential aspect is the rather high cost of the Barrier, since the complex requires instead of one radar to have a minimum of 16 miniradars, therefore, mass production is currently only planned ^[24] . Experts also put forward the version that the Barrier did not go into mass production due to the fact that inserting the complex into the armor could violate the rigidity of the reservation, and the issued KAZ cylinders could be lost when maneuvering off-road.

Engine

A 6TD-2E six-cylinder diesel engine with a volume of 16.3 liters and a capacity of 1200 liters is installed on the tank. from. ^[25] An engine is a two-stroke, multi-fuel engine (runs on gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel or any mixture thereof), with supercharging, straight-through blowing, direct fuel injection, with a horizontal arrangement of cylinders and oppositely moving pistons. Due to the small height of the engine (581 mm), the engine compartment is made according to a two-story scheme. An ejector cooling system for radiators is installed above the engine ^[26] .

Compared to the 6TD, the previous version of the engine, specific power increased by 20%, reaching 73.6 liters. s./ liter with the same dimensions (L x W x H, mm: 1602 x 955 x 581) and weight (1180 kg) ^[27] , but reliability and service life have probably decreased.Due to the compactness of the engine and the features of its design, the power plant is placed transversely in the MTO (engine-transmission compartment) of the tank and coaxially with the on-board gearboxes. Thanks to this, alignment of the engine is not required when replacing it, the tank’s transmission is greatly simplified and provides a small MTO size (3.1 m³) ^[26] .

Двигатель модернизирован для увеличения эффективности и надёжности в разных климатических и погодных условиях. Конструкция и особенности двигателя обеспечивают его эксплуатацию при температуре воздуха до +55 °C практически без снижения мощности, в то время как, например, мощность четырёхтактного дизельного двигателя В-92С2 танка Т-90 падает с 1000 до 600 л. from. при температуре воздуха +55 °C ^[28] .

Как отмечено выше, двигатель 6ТД-2Е - многотопливный и способен работать на дизельном топливе, топливе для реактивных двигателей (керосине), бензине и их смеси. Ёмкость внутренних топливных баков составляет 575 л, наружных баков, расположенных на надгусеничных полках, — 570 л. Для увеличения запаса хода на корме корпуса могут устанавливаться две дополнительные топливные бочки объёмом 380 л (2 х 190 л) ^[11] .

Расход топлива на 100 км по сухой грунтовой дороге составляет 325—370 л, по дороге с твёрдым покрытием — не более 300 л ^[11] . Топливная система танка обеспечивает питание двигателя топливом как из каждой группы баков отдельно, так и из обеих групп одновременно.

Воздухозаборник двигателя обеспечивает поступление воздуха из наименее запыленной точки танка и позволяет преодолевать водные препятствия глубиной до 1,8 м без подготовки.

Вспомогательная силовая установка

На танке установлена дизельная вспомогательная силовая установка мощностью 10 кВт. ВСУ предназначена для обеспечения электроэнергией танка с выключенным двигателем, например, при нахождении танка на стационарной огневой позиции или в засаде. Устанавливается на правой надгусеничной полке в герметичном броневом отсеке и подключается к электрической и топливной системам основного двигателя.

Трансмиссия

Коробка передач планетарного типа с автоматическим переключением передач имеет 7 передач вперед и 5 - назад (из них 4 передачи в режиме реверса, переход в режим реверса осуществляется на полностью остановленном танке). Максимальная скорость — 70 км/ч вперед и 35 км/ч - задним ходом ^[11] .

Новая комплексная система управления движением танка обеспечивает плавный поворот как во время движения, так и на месте, а также улучшает динамические характеристики разгона танка за счёт обеспечения переключения передач в оптимальном режиме. Такая система управления танком позволяет выполнять плавные повороты при помощи штурвала вместо рычагов, что значительно упрощает процесс управления, уменьшает уровень утомляемости водителя, повышает маневренность и позволяет продублировать управление. Данная система имеет высокий КПД и была разработана ХКБМ . Подобная система управления в составе харьковского МТО с двигателем 6ТД-2 экспортируется за рубеж для установки на пакистанские танки «Аль-Халид» и китайские MBT 2000 ^[29] .

Chassis

Ходовая часть БМ «Оплот» с каждого борта состоит из шести сдвоенных обрезиненных опорных катков диаметром 670 мм, пяти поддерживающих катков диаметром 225 мм, ленивца и расположенного в корме ведущего колеса. Подвеска опорных катков — индивидуальная, торсионная, с шестью гидравлическими телескопическими амортизаторами (на первом, втором и шестом узлах подвески). Узлы подвески вынесены из броневого корпуса для высвобождения пространства в последнем и облегчения обслуживания подвески.

Танк может оснащаться гусеницами двух типов: асфальтоходной шириной 580 мм, обеспечивающей высокую скорость танка по дороге с асфальтобетонным покрытием, и шириной 600 мм с увеличенными грунтозацепами для движении по льду и рыхлому грунту. Внизу носовой части корпуса закреплены резиновые юбки, призванные снижать запыленность при езде ^[11] .

Средства наблюдения, связи и навигации

Танк оснащается:

• средствами наблюдения:
  • оптическими приборами дневного наблюдения ТНПО-160 и ТНП-165А ^[30] ;
  • прибором ночного видения механика-водителя ТВН-5 ^[31] ;
• средствами связи:
  • радиостанцией УКВ-диапазона Р-030У, обеспечивающей дальность связи на среднепересеченной местности до 20—25 км ^[32] ;
  • радиостанцией командира КВ-диапазона Р-163-50К, обеспечивающей дальность связи до 250—350 км ^[33] ;
  • аппаратурой внутренней связи и коммутации АВСК-1 (Р-174) ^[34] ;
  • шлемофонами шумопоглощающими ШШ-1 ^[35] ;
• средствами навигации:
  • системой спутниковой навигации ТИУС-НМ, состоящей из радионавигационной аппаратуры спутниковой навигации СН-3700-03 (обеспечивает непрерывное определение координат танка по радиосигналам систем ГЛОНАСС и GPS NAVSTAR в любой точке земного шара, момент времени и метеоусловиях); среднеквадратичная погрешность определения координат местоположения танка составляет 40 м по сигналам GPS NAVSTAR , 30 м — по ГЛОНАСС и 20 м — при использовании обеих навигационных систем одновременно; система навигации танка способна запоминать до 10 маршрутов с 50 контрольными точками для каждого из них ^[36] ;
• информационного пульта командира 1КПИ-М, предназначенного для ввода в компьютер начальных установок, кодов, команд, запросов, координат пунктов назначения и маршрутных точек, а также отображения на экране вводимой информации и данных, полученных через радиостанцию или навигационную систему; информация о местоположении танка и других бронемашин своего подразделения на поле боя, пункты назначения и маршрутные точки отображаются на экране в текстовом или графическом виде ^[37] .

Эргономика

Эргономика танка обеспечивается следующими компонентами:

• автоматическим переключением передач, значительно упрощающим управление, снижающим время на обучение механика-водителя и его утомляемость во время длительной езды на танке;
• цифровым щитом (бортовым компьютером) механика-водителя, предназначенным для индикации уровня топлива и масла, управления работой подогревателя, предпусковой подготовкой и пуском основного двигателя, включением и выключением световых приборов, отображения параметров двигателя и трансмиссии;
• системой кондиционирования воздуха, состоящей из двух кондиционеров, установленных в корпусе и башне, и обеспечивающей комфортные условия работы экипажа путём охлаждения, осушения или обогрева воздуха в обитаемом отделении.

Производство первого танка началось в конце 2008 года и заняло три месяца ^[38] .

В мае 2009 года танк был принят на вооружение вооружённых сил Украины под названиемБМ «Оплот» ^[3] и заключён контракт на поставку 10 единиц по цене 29,5 млн гривен . Из-за недостатка финансирования производство было приостановлено ^[39] .

February 20-24, 2011 "Hold" was first shown abroad - at the 10th International Exhibition of Arms IDEX-2011 in Abu Dhabi ^[39] . The export price of one tank in 2011 was $ 4.9 million ^[40] , in 2013 - $ 4.89 million ^[41] .

In December 2011, Vladimir Kuratchenko, deputy general director of Ukroboronprom Group of Companies, said that 40 Ukrainian enterprises were involved in the production of the tank ^[42] .

Serial production of the Oplot tanks began in 2013 ^[43] , but the first PNK-6 sights were made in January 2014 ^[44] .

Representatives of the military-industrial complex of Ukraine made many statements about various plans for the mass production of Oplot, but all of them were frustrated. So on February 4, 2015, the General Director of Ukroboronprom GK R. A. Romanov announced that in 2015 40 Oplot tanks would be produced ^{[45] [46]} On December 25, 2015, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine adopted a decision on the provision of the plant to them. Malyshev’s state guarantees in order to ensure that the plant fulfills the previously approved Oplot tank production program ^{[47] [48]} . In 2015, the production of tanks was finally disrupted and not a single copy was made either for the needs of the Armed Forces or for contractual obligations. ^[49]

In 2019, it was reported that the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine did not conclude contracts for the production of Oplot tanks, since work on the replacement of Russian components in the tank with Ukrainian or foreign counterparts had not been completed. ^[fifty]

Shipments to Thailand

On September 1, 2011, a contract was signed for the sale of Oplot-M to foreign customers - Ukrspetsexport and Thailand signed a contract worth $ 241 million for the manufacture and supply of 49 tanks. In the modification for the Thai army, in comparison with the standard version, some changes were made to the internal equipment, communication equipment and headsets, an air conditioner was installed for the comfortable operation of tankers in a tropical climate ^[51] .

On January 4, 2013, the Commander-in-Chief of the Thai Armed Forces, General Prayuth Chan-ocha, said that at the talks held in early January 2013, the Ukrainian side had committed to transfer the first five tanks in May 2013 and complete the completion of the contract for the delivery of Oplot tanks to the end 2015 year ^[52] . On June 26, 2013 the first manufactured tank was presented ^[53] . On November 5, 2013, the first batch of 5 tanks was handed over to the Thai army in Kharkov ^{[54] [55]} . In December 2015, it became known that, since no Strongholds were made in 2015 ^[49] , the Government of Ukraine requested a transfer of the contract to 2016 ^{[56] [57]} .
According to the Interfax Ukraine publication, in May 2016 Ukraine secured the delivery to Thailand of a third batch of new Oplot tanks consisting of 10 vehicles. Thus, the total number of Oplot tanks in the Thai army was brought to 20 units ^[58] .
The next batch of five Oplot tanks arrived in Thailand in mid-November 2016 ^[59] .

In January 2017 , data appeared on the termination of the contract ^[60] , however, Ukrspetsexport announced that there was an agreement to postpone delivery dates ^[61] . Acceptance of the last five tanks began in mid-January ^[62] and was completed on March 26, 2018 ^[63]

•   Thailand - 49 BM Oplot-T units as of March 26, 2018 ^[63]

M. D. Borisyuk , general designer for the creation of armored vehicles and artillery systems, head of the KHKBM CP, lieutenant general, doctor of technical sciences, professor ^[64] :

Oplot is a fundamentally new machine, which was created at the level of modern world analogues ... According to the main characteristics - combat power, mobility and protection - the Oplot tank is at the level of the best world standards ... Oplot today has the highest level of protection in the world among their analogues, in particular, from ammunition of the tandem type.

In the book “Armor is Strong”, M. D. Borisyuk denotes the directions for improving the tank ^[65] :

For the Oplot tank, first of all, it is necessary to improve the characteristics of weapons and ammunition, including strengthening the barrel channel. In general, the problem of ammunition is becoming more and more acute, and this problem is due to its capacity and high level of expenses in the competence of the Ukrainian government. Without a decision at the highest level, it cannot be defeated. Further along the Oplot tank, it is necessary to increase and optimize the protection of the tank from the upper hemisphere, especially from enemy helicopter fire. Finally, the third important direction should be an increase in the engine's power reserve by approximately 200 horsepower, without increasing the overall dimensions of the engine-transmission compartment.

According to Vasily Chobitka, the author of the Armor Site , Oplot-M is a good candidate for replacing the T-64 , T-72 , T-80 tanks and the subsequent unification of the tank fleet ^[66] .

Mobility

  The engine of the 6TD-2E tank has been tested in production, reliable and well adapted for operation in hot and mountainous climates, where potential customers of the export version of the tank are located.
  High specific indicators of the liter and overall power of the 6TD-2E engine (the specific power of the Oplot-M engine-transmission compartment is 387 hp / m³ versus 333 and 258 hp / m³ respectively for the Leopard 2 and “ Abrams "), due to which the required MTO volume is reduced, the silhouette and mass of the tank are reduced ^[29] .
  Less power loss when using an ejector cooling system for engine radiators compared to a fan system. A four-stroke diesel engine, for example, the V-92C2 spends up to 15% of the torque on the radiator cooling fan drive in heavy duty operation, while the 6TD-2E ejector cooling system works much more efficiently, responds quickly to changes in ambient temperature, is easier to constructively and does not have moving parts ^[28] .
  Modern automatic transmission provides maneuverability and ease of control at the level of the best western tanks.
  The ability to force water barriers to a depth of 5 meters, while, for example, equipment to force water barriers of the M1 Abrams tank allows you to overcome water barriers no more than 2 meters in depth ^[28] .
  The 6TD-2E engine requires the installation of a large-size highly efficient air-cleaning system, which is associated with the features of the tank’s two-stroke engine (a significant amount of air is used to purge the cylinders, which increases the total air flow).
  High oil consumption (7-19 l / 100 km on a dry dirt road and 4-11 l / 100 km on a paved road) ^[11] and incomplete combustion of the working mixture create a very smoky and toxic exhaust.
  To start the engine, it is necessary to use electric torch heating and oil injection systems at an ambient temperature below +5 ° C (below −25 ° C when using low-viscosity oil).
  The lack of active suspension, which leads to a decrease in the speed of the tank over rough terrain and a significant decrease in accuracy when shooting on the road

Security and survivability

  Uniform tower defense and a small number of weakened areas.
  It is made of high-strength armor steels with electroslag remelting, which provides an increase in resistance to penetration, other things being equal by 10-15% ^[28] .
  Modern modular anti-tandem dynamic protection of the tower and the Duplet case ^[17] with the declared characteristics of up to 90% reflection of cumulative ammunition.
  Active defense systems " Warta " with the expectation of protecting the upper hemisphere and even the destruction of sub-caliber shells.
  The use of an ejector cooling system and the exhaust of the engine back, compared with the exhaust to the left or right side, contributes to a certain decrease in the visibility of the tank in the infrared range, which complicates the guidance of detection and destruction with infrared homing heads and is critical for the survival of the tank on the battlefield ^{[28 ]} . It should be noted that this tool is useless against modern ATGMs such as Javelin or Russian Hermes , which use the “signature” method to aim at the tank, and ATGMs have enough to have characteristically heated areas for guidance ^[67] .
  The lack of a system for the automatic delivery of multispectral curtains opaque in the infrared and radio range, but only smoke screens (transparent in the infrared range), which is critical against modern ATGMs with GOS in the infrared and radio range.
  Insufficient protection of crew members from detonation of the ammunition in case of penetration of the armor (the ammunition is only partially removed from the fighting compartment, no knock-out panels are provided on the turret, there is no "wet" ammunition or placement of shells in protected individual containers, such as on Challenger 2 tanks and Merkava ). There are no crew armored capsules or armored curtains to minimize crew losses in case of breaking through the armor.
  Lack of stealth technologies as a special coating for blocking infrared radiation through armor, lack of stealth technologies to reduce radio stealth. Lack of technology for “dynamic signature distortion” of the tank for blocking ATGMs operating on the principle of capturing the signature of the tank to distinguish it from traps and interference.
  Lack of protection against magnetic mines and high-precision ammunition with magnetometric sensors attacking a tank in a TOW-2B type roof by distorting the tank’s magnetic field.
  Lack of electronic warfare equipment to hit an ATGM electromagnetic pulse with its own JAGM type guidance radars, Chrysanthemum type radio command guidance and ATGMs with wire control like Bassoon .
  External fuel tanks do not have a reservation and protection against cumulative ammunition, so a tank with external fuel tanks can catch fire even from small arms.

Firepower

  The Combat guided weapons complex allows you to hit targets at a distance of up to 5.0 km. At ranges of more than 2.5-3.0 km, ATGMs have advantages over BOPS in terms of accuracy and penetration.
  The presence of an automatic loader increases the actual rate of fire on the battlefield and eliminates the human factor (loader’s fatigue, the difficulty of manual loading when driving fast over rough terrain).
  The fire control system is morally outdated and significantly inferior to the latest analogues, for example, the JMA of the Japanese Type 10 tank. The OMS BM Oplot, in particular, does not provide automatic tracking of a moving target taken into account taking into account amendments to its defeat.
  There is no fully-fledged automated TIUS (tank information management system) that would integrate all the electronic systems of the tank into a single network.
  There is no BIUS (combat information-control system) that provides automated control of tactical units and allows the exchange of combat and reconnaissance information on the battlefield between the tank, other military equipment of various branches of the armed forces and control points in real time.
  The fire defeat is not enough to break through the armor of the next generation tanks with a reservation equivalent of more than 1000 mm.

Criticism

The very lengthy Oplot production cycle is also becoming an object of criticism. So, in three years, Thailand received five out of 49 tanks; as of June 2017, 30 cars were delivered to Thailand.

Criticism from the administration of the President of Ukraine

According to the adviser to the President of Ukraine Yuriy Biryukov, it is more profitable to orient the Oplot production for export, and to upgrade the Soviet -made T-64 to Bulat for the money raised, since the real conditions of warfare by the Armed Forces of Ukraine do not allow taking advantage of Oplot ^{[ 87]} . Yuri Biryukov, analyzing the estimates of Ukroboronprom , indicates that it is much more profitable to repair and modernize several old Soviet T-64s for the same money. Biryukova is supported by the former director of the Plant named after Malysheva Nikolay Belov ^[87] , who indicates that the Soviet T-64 has the same gun and elements of dynamic protection. At the same time, the technology of repair and restoration works allows for the overhaul of the Soviet T-64 in a few months, at the same time, the production cycle of one Oplot production is no less than 9 months.

• ОСНОВНИЙ БОЙОВИЙ ТАНК БМ «ОПЛОТ»

Articles

• Сравнение Оплот-М и Т-90МС
• Варианты реализации мер по комплексной активной и динамической защите // sa100.ru
• Комплексная защита бронетанковой техники. Украинский подход // btvt.narod.ru
• T-84 на btvt.narod.ru
• Размышления на тему о Т-84 и Т-90 // btvt.narod.ru

Photos

• [2]
• [3]

Video

• Видео-описание «Оплот-М» на YouTube
• Oplot-M tankodrome on YouTube
• Prem'ra of the Ukrainian Oplot-M tank on YouTube
• Riding the Oplot-M cross-country tank on YouTube
• Shooting from the Oplot-M tank on YouTube
• Overcome the 33 ° climb on the Oplot-M tank on YouTube