Taduhepa ( Hurrit. “Made by Hepa ” [1] ) was a Mitannian princess, daughter of Tushratta (reigned about ca. 1382–1342 BC) and his queen Yuni, niece Artashumara . Her aunt Giluhepa became one of the wives of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III in the 10th year of his reign. Taduhepa much later also married this pharaoh [2] .
| Taduhepa | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | Mitanni |
| Date of death | |
| A country | |
| Occupation | Pharaoh's secondary wife |
| Father | Tushratta |
| Mother | Yuni |
| Spouse | Amenhotep III , Akhenaton |
Content
Biography
About Taduhepe little known. Her name contains the mention of the Mitanni goddess Hepa [3] . Presumably, the princess was born on the 21st year of the reign of Pharaoh Amenhotep III (c. 1365 BC), for which 15 years later (c. 1352 BCE) Tushratta married her to seal the political union between states [4] . Tushratta wrote [5] [6] :
My ambassador Mani brought me your offer to take Taduhepa as wife. I agree and send it to you ... Both will arrive in six months.
Taduhepa is mentioned in seven of the 13 Amarna letters (in 1350-1340 BC) [7] . Tushratta asked him to make his daughter the consort queen instead of Queen Tia [4] , which did not happen. The Taduhepy dowry included: a pair of horses and a gilded chariot with inlaid, decorated with gold and precious stones a saddle bed for a camel, a horse saddle with golden eagles, clothes and outfits (purple, green and red), jewelry (regular and shoulder bracelets) and a large chest [8] . In response, Amenhotep III did not send gold statues, and after his death Tushrat complained in a letter about the lack of return gifts [9] . Amenhotep III died soon after Taduhepa arrived at the Egyptian court, and the princess became the wife of his son Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton) [4] , which follows from another letter of Tushratta [10] :
Long live you, your mother Tia, your home, long live Taduhepa - my daughter, your wife ...
Personality
Some researchers identify Taduhepu with a secondary wife Akhenaton named Kiya [2] . Presumably, the story of Kiii formed the basis of the ancient Egyptian literary work " The Tale of Two Brothers ". The tale tells how Pharaoh fell in love with a foreign beauty, catching the scent of her hair. If Taduhepa was Kiya, she later moved from Memphis to the new capital of Amarna, where she had at least one daughter [11] .
Other scientists believe that upon arrival at the palace, Taduhepa received a new name - Nefertiti [11] , since the translation of her name “The Beautiful Woman” may indicate her foreign origin. However, Aye’s wife, Tei, bore the title of the nurse, Nefertiti, which disproves Taduhepa’s and Nefertiti’s identity theories, since the princess who arrived did not need a nurse [12] .
Notes
- ↑ Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association . - American Philological Association, 1966. - p. 188. - 388 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Dodson, Aidan. The complete royal families of Ancient Egypt . - London: Thames & Hudson, 2004. - 320 p. - ISBN 0500051283 .
- ↑ CF Burney. The Book of Judges: with Introduction and Notes . - Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2004. - p. 87. - 679 p. - ISBN 9781592448197 .
- 2 1 2 3 Tyldesley, Joyce A. Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt: from early dynastic times to the death of Cleopatra . - New York, NY: Thames & Hudson, 2006. - P. 124. - 224 p. - ISBN 0500051453 .
- ↑ Hugo Winckler. The Tell-el-Amarna-letters . - Reuther & Reichard, 1896. - p. 13. - 518 p.
- ↑ Eberhard Schrader. Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek . - Reuther & Reichard, 1896. - p. 12, 71. - 510 p.
- ↑ William L. Moran. The Amarna Letters // EA. - Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. - No. 23 . - pp . 61-62 .
- ↑ AL Frothingham, Jr. Archæological News // The American Journal of Archeology and the History of the Fine Arts. - 1893. - October - December ( t. 8 , № 4 ). - p . 557-631 .
- ↑ Aldred, Cyril ,. Akhenaten: King of Egypt . - First paperback edition. - London, 1991. - 320 p. - ISBN 0500276218 .
- ↑ Keilinschriftliche bibliothek: Sammlung von assyrischen und babylonischen texten in umschrift und übersetzung . - Reuther & Reichard, 1896. - p. 51. - 862 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Tyldesley, Joyce A. Nefertiti: Egypt's sun queen . - London: Viking, 1998. - 232 p. - ISBN 0670869988 .
- ↑ Cyril Aldred. The End of the El-Aramna Period // The Journal of Egyptian Archeology. - 1957. - December ( t. 43 ). - p . 30-41 .
Literature
- Joan Fletcher . In search of Nefertiti. - M .: AST: AST MOSCOW: KEEPER, 2008. - p. 254-257. - 413 s. - 2500 copies - ISBN 978-5-9762-5421-3 .