Sumo Glossary

The glossary provides common sumo terms . Professional competitions in this sport are held only in his homeland, in Japan , and only Japanese is used in tournaments. In the course of history, a number of terms appeared, mainly representing words with several roots. Most of them cannot be translated into other languages ​​in one word, and therefore, original terminology is also used outside of Japan. A separate section of sumo terms is the kimarite list, consisting of 88 concepts.

• Adzukari ( 預 り ) - a draw, the result announced when the conference of judges ( monoii ) could not uniquely determine the winner of the bout. It has not been used since 1928, now in such a situation a re-engagement ( torinaosi ) is assigned .

• Bandzuke ( 番 付 ) is a Rikishi ranking list published by the Japan Sumo Association on the eve of the Basho.

• Basho ( 場所 match, competition) - tournament in professional sumo; held every odd month of the year in six divisions.

• Gyoji ( 行 司 ) - Doha referee

• Ginosyo ( 技能 賞 ) is a prize for technical excellence, one of the sansho.

• Gumbai ( 軍 配 ) is a goji fan used to give signals.

• Dzionidan ( 序 二段 , second level) - the fifth division of professional sumo (second from the bottom).

• Jenokuchi ( 序 の 口 , prologue) is the sixth and lowest division of professional sumo.

• Zenso is the victory of the rikishi in all Basho fights.

• Junyusho - ( 準 優勝 ) - second place in Basho, the result immediately following the result of the winner.

• Dzyuryo ( 十 両 , ten ryo ) is the second elite division of professional sumo, consisting of 28 rikishi.

• Dohyo ( 土 俵 ) is a clay platform for battles sprinkled with sand.

• Dohyo-iri ( 土 俵 入 り ) - Doha exit ceremony performed by the wrestlers of the two top divisions every day before the start of the Basho fights

• Yobidashi ( 呼出 ) - Dojo official who calls rikishi to the site and performs other supporting activities.

• Yokozuna ( 横 綱 , sumo champion) is the highest rank sumo wrestler.

• Intay - resignation, retirement.

• Itimon is a union of hei collaborating with each other.

• Kadoban ( 角 番 ) is the temporary status of an ozeki who has received makekoshi; in the case of a repeat of makekoshi on the next bashe, it drops in sekivake, in the case of katikoshi it returns the full title of ozeki.

• Kantosho ( 敢 闘 賞 ) is a prize for fighting spirit, one of the sansyo.

• Katicoshi ( 勝 ち 越 し ) - the excess of the number of victories of rikishi for bashe over the number of defeats.

• Kimarite - a technique that brings victory.

• Kimboshi ( 金星 , gold star) - Megashira reward for defeating Yokozuna.

• Komusubi ( 小結 ) - the fourth rank of a fighter in the hierarchy of professional sumo; inferior to sanyaku.

• Kensho is a prize envelope awarded to the winner of the bout.

• Mawashi ( 廻 し ) - belt and rikishi loincloth.

• Makushita ( 幕 下 , under the curtain) is the third division of professional sumo.

• Makushita-tsukedashi ( 幕 下 付 け し し ) is a wrestler who has achieved success in amateur sumo and has received permission to start performing in professional sumo from the makushita division. From 1966 to 2001, this position was equated to the 60th position in the makusita division, since 2001 it corresponds to the 15th or 10th (in case of special success).

• Makuuchi ( 幕 内 , inside the curtain) is the top division of professional sumo, consisting of 42 strongest rikishi.

• Makekoshi ( 負 け 越 し ) - the excess of the number of defeats of rikishi for bashe over the number of victories.

• Matta is a false start.

• Maegashira ( 前頭 , front) is the lowest and most numerous rank of wrestler in makuuti.

• Monoii ( 物 言 い ) is a meeting of goji and simpan to determine the winner of a fight in an unobvious case.

• Nisi (west) - rikishi, representing the west in the battle.

• Ozumo ( 大 相撲 large sumo) is a professional sumo.

• Ozeki ( 大関 ) is the second rank of a fighter in the hierarchy of professional sumo.

• Oyakata ( 親 方 ) is the holder of one of 105 registered licenses, the head of a hei, or the sumo coach.

• Rikishi ( 力士 , strong husband) is the common name for a professional sumo wrestler.

• Sandamme ( 三 段 目 , third level) - the fourth division of professional sumo (third from the bottom).

• Sansho ( 三 賞 , three prizes) - three special prizes in makuuchi awarded to a wrestler with a rank no higher than sekivake.

• Sanyaku ( 三 役 , three ranks) is a collective category for the highest ranks of makuuchi: yokozuna, ozeki, sekivake and komusubi.

• Shikirisen - Doha start line

• Sikona ( 四 股 名 ) is a professional pseudonym for rikishi.

• Simpan ( 審判 ) is one of the five line judges in Doha.

• Shinitai ( 死 に 体 , dead body) - a situation where a kimarite rikishi conducting the first falls or goes outside the circle, while the second rikishi loses hopelessly, but has not yet landed after receiving the opponent; upon ascertaining, the judges of blue will give the victory to the attacking wrestler.

• Sumotori ( 相撲 取 ) is a sumo wrestler.

• Sekivake ( 関 脇 ) is the third rank in the professional sumo hierarchy.

• Sekitori ( 関 取 ) is a fighter of one of the two elite sumo divisions.

• Shukunsyo ( 殊 勲 賞 ) is a prize for outstanding performance, one of the sansyo.

• Tatiyah ( 立 合 い ) - the starting spurt in the battle.

• Tiryotzu - a ritual, a set of actions of the rikishi before the doha fight.

• Fusencho ( 不 戦 勝 ) - technical victory due to the non-appearance of the opponent.

• Haridashi ( 張 り 出 し ) - the designation of "additional" positions in the bandzuke, was used if there were more than two wrestlers of any rank. As a rule, it was used for sanyaku, but in the bandzuke for the November 1980 bashe there was the position of the 2nd maegashira-haridasi, in addition to the two usual positions of this rank. After 1994 is not used.

• Higashi (east) - rikishi, representing the east in the battle.

• Hank - avoidance of collision at tatiai; not forbidden, but often criticized as an unworthy Rikishi trick.

• Heya ( 部屋 , premises) - school and rikishi team in professional sumo.

• Yusho ( 優勝 ) - Basho victory in any professional sumo division.