Haramides ( lat. Haramiyida ) , - the earliest known herbivorous mammals .
| † Haramiids | ||||||||||||||
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| Haramiyida Hahn , Sigogneau - Russell & Wouters , 1989 ) | ||||||||||||||
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They are reminiscent of many- tuberous teeth, but their jaw (known for its appearance as Haramiyavia clemmenseni ) is less developed; “At the level of evolution of morganukodon and cuneotherium, with a groove for the auditory ossicles in the dental jaw” [1] [2] .
In 2015, after studying the Haramiyavia clemmenseni species, it was proposed to exclude the haramiidae order from the mammalian class and move them to the Mammaliaformes treasure ( en: Mammaliaformes ) according to the classification of T. Rowe (1988) [3] [4] . However, according to the classification of Luo Zheshey, S. Kelyan-Yavorovskaya and R. Cifelli (2002) , who proposed to consider mammals as a group including the common ancestor of synoconodon and living mammals, as well as all descendants of this common ancestor, haramiids still remain in mammals .
Content
Systematic position
There are arguments both for and against the idea that haramiids are considered ancestral to a multi-tuberous detachment.
Initially it was believed that the upper and lower molars of charamiids are specular in relation to each other. According to minor differences, two genera were distinguished: Thomasia and Haramiya . Then it was suggested that these upper and lower jaws could belong to the same genus, which was confirmed by the discovery of a new genus Haramiyavia [5] .
Further clarification of the classification position of haramiids is not possible today until the appearance of new evidence. P. Butler and J. Hooker believe that haramiids can still be considered as ancestors of many-tuberous with a much greater probability than morganukodontid , combining charamiids and multi-tuberous in the taxon of alloteria [6] .
Classification
In 2000, P. Butler proposed [7] to subdivide the Haramiyida detachment into two suborders:
- Haramiyoidea (families Haramiyidae , Haramiyaviidae , Eleutherodontidae )
- Theroteinida ( Theroteinidae family)
In 2005, P. Butler and J. Hooker added the Hahnodontidae family to the charamiad detachment [8] (without specifying which suborder it should belong to).
Phylogeny [9]
| Mammaliaformes |
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Notes
- ↑ Butler, 2000 , p. 318.
- ↑ US paleontologists studied the development of ancient mammals
- ↑ Mandibular and dental characteristics of Late Triassic mammaliaform Haramiyavia and their ramifications for basal mammal evolution
- ↑ Haramiid expelled from mammals
- ↑ Cifelli RL Early mammalian radiations // Journal of Paleontology , 2001, 75 (6). - P. 1214-1226.
- ↑ Butler, Hooker, 2005 , p. 205-206.
- ↑ Butler, 2000 , p. 333.
- ↑ Butler, Hooker, 2005 , p. 202.
- ↑ Luo, Kielan-Jaworowska & Cifelli, 2002, and Kielan-Jaworowska, Cifelli & Luo, 2004
Literature
- Butler PM Review of the early allotherian mammals // Acta Palaeontologica Polonica , 2000, 45 (4). - P. 317—342.
- Butler PM, Hooker, JJ New teeth of allotherian mammals from the English Bathonian, including the earliest multituberculates // Acta Palaeontologica Polonica , 2005, 50 (2). - P. 185-207.
- Kielan-Jaworowska Z. , Cifelli RL , Luo Zhe-Xi. Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: Origins, Evolution, and Structure. - New York: Columbia University Press , 2004. - P. 249-260.