Mikhail Evseevich Golovin ( 1756 - 1790 ) - Russian physicist and mathematician , adjunct (1776-1786) and honorary member (since 1786) of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences [1] . Maternal nephew of Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov . One of the first methodologists and mathematicians, professor of the St. Petersburg Teachers' Seminary in 1786, Golovin left a noticeable mark in the history of the development of mathematical education in Russia as the author of textbooks on arithmetic, geometry, trigonometry and mechanics.
| Mikhail Evseevich Golovin | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | with. Matigors , Arkhangelsk Province , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | math , physics |
| Alma mater | academic university |
Golovin's textbooks for elementary schools, published in 1783 and 1786, were especially widely known. They were reprinted several times and the last (10th) edition of them belonged to 1822.
Content
Biography
M.E. Golovin was born in the village of Matigory, Arkhangelsk province, in the family of a peasant Yevsey Fedorovich Golovin (d. After 1796) and Maria Vasilievna Lomonosova (1730-1826) and was a nephew of Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov, whose recommendation he entered in 1765 was to an academic gymnasium.
In 1773, Golovin graduated from an academic gymnasium and entered an academic university , where he studied physics with L. Yu. Kraft (son of G.V. Kraft ). The main attention was given to mathematics, which he studied under the guidance of L. Euler, being one of his closest students and assistants. In particular, he wrote down his words with words or directly under Euler’s dictation, which required outstanding mathematical training.
In 1776, Golovin was elected an adjunct in the department of experimental physics, and he was in this rank for 10 years. Upon taking office, he presented the academic conference "An example of explanations to the famous Euler's treatise" On the construction and driving of ships "."
Successful translations of Golovin played a significant role in the development of the natural sciences. In 1775, he translated from France a shortened version of Euler's Marine Science, published in 1778 under the title "Complete speculation of the structure and driving of ships, composed in favor of navigation students."
In 1786, due to strained relations with the director of the Academy, E. R. Dashkova, Golovin left the Academy, retaining only the editing of the collected works of M. V. Lomonosov. When leaving, he received the title of Honorary Member of the Academy of Sciences.
The last years of his life, M.E. Golovin worked at the St. Petersburg Main Public School, the St. Petersburg Teachers' Seminary and in the famous commission on the establishment of public schools. As a member of the commission, he wrote and published educational manuals for public schools in arithmetic, geometry, mechanics, and architecture.
He died on June 8, 1790 at the age of 34 years.
Textbooks M.E. Golovin
"Guide to arithmetic for use in public schools" Golovin contained explanations of number systems, four operations on integer and fractional numbers, arithmetic and geometric proportions on numerical examples, exact and approximate root extraction. In the introduction to Part I of the Guide, the basic concepts of unit and integer were introduced; while the numbers were 2, 3, ..., 9. The unit and zero were not assigned to the numbers. In this regard, Golovin's Guide to Arithmetic was a step backward compared to Magnitsky's Arithmetic. But Golovin attached so much importance to the presentation of decimal fractions that we will not find in previous arithmetic textbooks.
The textbook on mechanics is reviewed and approved by Euler; in it, Golovin was one of the first to use a concept close to the concept of a vector. Golovin's “Guide to Mechanics” consists of a preface and five chapters. The main content of the “Guide to Mechanics” consists of introducing students to uniform and variable motion (chap. 1), to the concept of force (chap. 2), to simple and complex machines (chapters 3 and 4), and to the laws of friction (chap. 5 ) The presentation of all this is carried out in accordance with the requirement that “teachers make their proposals when teaching subjects clear, intelligible and decent; the doctrine, and especially for young students, easy, enjoyable and more fun than painful. "
Notes
- ↑ Profile of Mikhail Evseevich Golovin on the official website of the RAS
List of references
- Varfolomeev L. A. Stezey Lomonosov: northerners - prominent figures of science and culture: monograph / L. A. Varfolomeev; Pomor state un-t them. M.V. Lomonosov, Arkhang. Center Rus. Geo Islands under the general. ed. R.A. Khantalina. - Arkhangelsk: PSU them. M.V. Lomonosova, 2001.
- Voronov A. Historical and statistical review of educational institutions of the St. Petersburg educational district from 1715 to 1828 inclusive, St. Petersburg, 1849.
- Guryan O. The Boy from Kholmogory: A Tale / O. Guryan. - M.: Det. Lit., 1981. - 78 p. - (Small historical library).
- Golovin M.E. Guide to mechanics, St. Petersburg, 1785.
- Golovin M.E. Guide to arithmetic for use in public schools of the Russian Empire published by the highest command. St. Petersburg, 1804.
- Kulyabko E. S. Wonderful pets of the Academic University. L .: Science. 1977.
- Prudnikov V.E. Russian teachers of mathematics of the XVIII — XIX centuries. A manual for teachers. State educational and pedagogical publishing house of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR. M., 1956.
- Polyakova T. S. Leonard Euler and mathematical education in Russia. ComBook. 2007.
- Smagina G. I. M. E. Golovin — student and assistant of L. Euler // Priroda, 1987, No. 4, P. 125-128.
- Shumilov N.A. Rod Lomonosov. Generational painting. Ed. revised and ext. Arkhangelsk. 2001.152 s.