Protomyces large-pore lat. Protomyces macrosporus - a species of fungi from the family Protomycetaceae ( Protomycetaceae ), parasitizes on many plants from the family Umbrella ( Apiaceae ). Causes the appearance of galls ( gall disease , or wartiness ), affects the stems , petioles and leaves , less often fruits . Widely distributed in the world, in some regions it can severely harm agriculture.
| Large-spore protomyces | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Gauls on petioles and leaves of common Dreams | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Protomyces macrosporus Unger , 1833 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Content
- 1 Morphology
- 2 Varieties
- 3 Distribution and hosts
- 4 Caused Disease
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
Morphology
For symptoms of plant organ damage, see Caused Disease .
Mycelium develops between gall cells.
Ascogenous cells ( see. Protomycium # Morphology ) are smooth, light yellow or brownish, spherical with a diameter of 50–70 (80) microns [1] or ellipsoidal in size 40–80 × 35–60 microns [2] , sometimes multifaceted, coated 1.5–5 (6) microns thick. The shells of ascogenous cells consist of a thick colored outer part - exosporia and two thin inner membranes - mesosporia and endosporia . Sinaski ( see. Protomycium # Morphology ) are colorless, vary in size.
Ascospores are ellipsoidal, 4.5 × 3 μm in size, thin-walled, budded.
The development of the fungus in the temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere occurs in April - October [1] [3] .
Varieties
G. von Büren [G. von Büren] in 1922 described a number of forms specializing in various hosts:
- Protomyces macrosporus f.sp. aegopodii (in dreams );
- Protomyces macrosporus f.sp. carvi (on caraway seeds );
- Protomyces macrosporus f.sp. cerefolii ;
- Protomyces macrosporus f.sp. chaerophylli (on butene );
- Protomyces macrosporus f.sp. cicutariae (on citrate );
- Protomyces macrosporus f.sp. heraclei (on hogweed );
- Protomyces macrosporus f.sp. laserpitii (on smoothie );
- Protomyces macrosporus f.sp. ligustici (on Ligusticum ) [4] .
A. Blyutt considered a species with smaller spores, affecting caraway seeds, an independent species of Protomyces carvi [1] .
Distribution and hosts
Large-spore protomyces were first described in Austria in the common dream ( Aegopodium podagraria ). It is ubiquitous in Europe , also distributed in South and Central Asia, Kazakhstan , Eastern Siberia and the Far East ; outside Eurasia is known in North America , North Africa ( Algeria ) and Australia .
It affects more than 20 genera of umbellate , including:
- Aegopodium - Dust
- Angelica - Angelica
- Anthriscus - Cupid
- Apium - Celery
- Berula - The Handrail
- Carum - Caraway
- Chaerophyllum - Buten
- Cicuta - Cicuta
- Conopodium
- Coriandrum - Coriander
- Daucus - Carrot
- Heracleum - Hogweed
- Kitagawia - Kitagavia
- Ligusticum
- Oenanthe - Omezhnik
- Pachypleurum - Thick Plate
- Pastinaca - Parsnip
- Peucedanum - Gorichnik
- Pimpinella - Thigh
- Sium - Sentinel
- Tilingia - Tilingia
- Torilis - Pimple
In Russia, large-spore protomyces were found in the European part on common hypera , Angelica officinalis ( Angelica archangelica ) and Alpine thick-ribs ( Pachypleurum alpinum ), in Eastern Siberia on Kitagawia baicalensis and Kamchatka on Tilingis 1jan .
Caused Disease
On the affected organs of the plant, corn-like or vesicular galls are formed with sizes of 1-5 (11) mm, initially transparent, colorless or yellowish, then brown. They are scattered or crowded, on the leaves can be located along the veins, comb-like. Inside the gall, they are filled with ascogenous cells (chlamydospores) of the fungus, which, when ripe, lie freely [1] [2] .
Of particular danger is the gall disease of the stems and fruits of coriander , common in India . In some years, the disease can destroy up to 90% of the crop. In coriander, large-spore protomyces cause hypertrophy of the fruit ( pericarp tissue) and completely inhibits the development of the embryo in the affected fetus. In the 1980s, Indian researchers developed a system of protective measures against gall coriander disease [1] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Karatygin, 2002 .
- ↑ 1 2 Khokhryakov et al., 2003 .
- ↑ World of Plants, 1991 .
- ↑ search for Protomyces macrosporus on MycoBank
Literature
- Karatygin I.V. Tafrin, Protomycium, Exobazidium, Microstromacy orders. - SPb. : “Science”, 2002. - S. 64-65. - (Key to mushrooms in Russia). - ISBN 5-02-026184-X .
- Sidorova I. I. Order Protomycetaceae (Protomycetales) // Plant World: in 7 volumes / ed. M.V. Gorlenko . - M .: "Enlightenment", 1991. - T. 2. Mushrooms. - S. 108. - ISBN 5-09-002841-9 .
- Khokhryakov M.K., Dobrozrakova T.L., Stepanov K.M., Letova M.F. - SPb. : "Doe", 2003. - S. 255, 352, 359. - ISBN 5-8114-0479-4 .