Inozemtsevo

It is located on the eastern slopes of Mount Beshtau , on the Mineralnye Vody railway line - Kislovodsk . The distance to the regional center is 180 km, to the center of the district is 8 km ^[3] .

2 km east of the village is the Batalinsky integrated nature reserve ^[4] .

According to the version of the doctor of historical sciences T.N. Plohotnyuk, one of the former names of the settlement - Karras (Karas) - could be formed from the English. to carry ("support, transfer, carry along , carry out"). In addition, there is a legend about a Nogai (Tatar) prince named Karas, who owned the lands on which this settlement subsequently arose ^[5] .

It was here that in 1801-1835 there was the first and oldest settlement of immigrants from Western Europe - the Scottish missionaries of the Edinburgh Bible Society. The Scottish colony was founded at the mountain village of Karras. Later, the Germans joined the colony, who founded the Nikolaev colony in the neighborhood. The Scots themselves left the colony in 1821 ^[6] . The missionaries were sent to the Caucasus line at the behest of Emperor Alexander I "with the goal of spreading industriousness, craft and Christianity among the mountain peoples of Mohammedan and pagan confession."

In the autumn of 1801, a place was chosen for the mission on the eastern slope of Mount Beshtau , in the old Tatar settlement Karras, which belonged to the descendants of the Crimean sultan Girey. In 1805, missionaries received 7 thousand acres of state land.

In the years 1804-1808, plague raged in the mountain villages in the Beshtovy Gory, which sharply reduced the arrival of visitors to Vody. Part of the population of auls ( Karras , Bastundji , Adzhiaul , Karmaaul ) either died out or moved to the mountain gorges of Kabarda ^[7] .

December 25, 1806, Alexander I issued a letter to the inhabitants of the colony. On 29.9.1817, the Committee of Ministers decided to relocate him from K. colonists (not implemented). The Committee of Ministers adopted decisions on the reorganization of the colony, approved by Nicholas I (12/15/1828, 26.6.1835) ^[8] .

Gospel. community (1806-66), fierce. Pyatigorsk parish. Church (1840). Earth 7000 dess. (1807), 2859 dess. (1883), 3498 dess. (1910). Gardening, viticulture and winemaking, floriculture, beekeeping. Tanneries of R. Peddy, K. and Yu. Engelhardt, brick-tiled. plant E. Ya. Alftona, lime plant "Anchor", creamery, shops, pharmacy. Village Council, S.-kh. cooper. comrade, beg. school, the reading room (1926), to them. K. Liebknecht. Pedagogical College (1933). A.S. Pushkin and M. Yu. Lermontov were here (he went from here in 1841 to his fateful duel). Place of birth fierce. pastors I. T. Keller (1842-1918), E. E. Degglera (1868-1956) ^[8] .

According to T. N. Plohotniuc, “The Scottish colony was created as a large Reformed missionary center in the Caucasus” and “it was the missionary activity that caused the appearance of the second component of the colony’s name - Karras (Karas)” (see the section “ Etymology ”) ^[9] . Mission members actively disseminated Christianity, published religious literature, redeemed slaves with the money of the Bible society, converted them to the Christian faith, and returned them to freedom. In addition, the missionaries were engaged in carpentry, carpentry, blacksmithing, pottery, printing, baking, tailor and weaving crafts, as well as trading in agricultural products on the CMS markets.

To help the Scots to cultivate the land in the summer of 1809, the first German families from Saratov province moved to Karras. Among them are skilled people: locksmith Johann Martin, tanner Christian Conradi, shoemaker Johann Liebig, paper manufacturer Ludwig Liebig, blacksmith Johann Georg Engelgart. The Scots left the colony in 1821 ^[10] . As noted in 1865, the “Geographical and Statistical Dictionary of the Russian Empire”, the Scots who settled next to the highlanders were very successful in converting them to Christianity. However, after they began work with Christians and baptized one Armenian, the mission was expelled ^[11]

In 1835, a German Nikolaev colony (also Novo-Nikolaevskaya) was established near Karras, which was dissociated from the old allotment of 4.5 thousand acres (in 1831 - Konstantinovskaya , between which vast vineyards grew).

Until 1917 - Terskaya region, Pyatigorsk (Georgievsky) district / Novogrigoryevsky u., Pyatigorsk / Novogrigoryevsky vol .; in owls period - Ordzhonikidze region, Mineralovodsky / Goryachevodsky district. Lut.-men. village, main in 1835. 5 km to the north. from Pyatigorsk. Founders from the Volga region. Lut. Pyatigorsk parish. Church (1906). Earth 2587 dess. (1883), 3,143 dess. Water. mill accommodating guests with nearby. resorts. Cooper. shop, beg. School, Village Council (1926). Kz Oktober Funke. Zhit .: 270 (1858), 373 (1874), 546 (1883), 641 (1889), 955/930 German. (1897), 1046 (1904), 1685 (1914), 1997/1516 German. (1926) ^[8] .

The new colonists, abandoning unprofitable tillage, took up gardening, gardening, viticulture, and the production of meat and milk. They have become regular suppliers to the CMS markets for flowers, fruits, vegetables, meat, milk, kefir and excellent German cheeses. The Germans brought to CMS a tobacco cultivation culture and successfully traded it in the markets. From the first years of the settlement, they were the only ones who baked bread for sale, delivering it to the dining rooms and restaurants of the resort.

In the middle of the XIX century in both colonies worked: oil mill, leather, brick, lime factories. The names of furniture makers and carriages were widely known (Andrei Konradi). Cleanliness, well-being, an abundance of greens, flowers and fruits, tasty and inexpensive food attracted the resort public here.

Until August 1941, the population of the colonies of Karras and Nikolaev to 90% were Germans. However, by order of I.V. Stalin , who feared the complicity of the fascist army in case of occupation, almost the entire German population was transported to northern Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, the Urals and Siberia within a month.

In September 1941, the former colonies of Karras and Nikolaevskaya received the status of settlements.

In 1959, the villages of Karras and Nikolaevskoye were merged into the resort village of Inozemtsevo ^[3] . This name was obtained by the railway station of the same name. And the Inozemtsevo station, in turn, was named after the manager of the Vladikavkaz railway, Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev , whose mansion is located next to the station.

Since January 1983, Inozemtsevo received the status of an urban-type settlement within the city of Zheleznovodsk . In terms of population, Inozemtsevo (27 935) is superior to Zheleznovodsk (24 768).

One of the largest urban-type settlements in Russia .

Gender composition

According to the 2010 census, 12,854 men (45.26%) and 15,544 women (54.74%) lived ^[27] .

National composition

According to the 2010 census, the following nationalities lived (nationalities less than 1%, see in the footnote to the line “Other”) ^[27] :

Of the 166–123 Germans (1813), of 1995–1274 the Germans (1926) ^[8] .

• House of Culture "Ray" ^[29]
• House of Culture "Mashuk" ^[30]
• Railway platforms Beshtau , Inozemtsevo and Mashuk on the Mineralnye Vody - Pyatigorsk section
• Beshtau Labor Veterans Boarding House ^[31]
• Republican Scientific Research Station of Sericulture of RAAS ^[32]
• North Caucasus Regional Search and Rescue Team EMERCOM of Russia ^[33]
• North Caucasus Regional Center for Emergencies ^[34]
• Emergencies Crisis Management Center ^[35]

Corded telephone, ADSL, ETTH

• Stavropol branch of Rostelecom

2G / 3G / 4G Cellular

Coverage of mobile operators in the village. Inozemtsevo

• Polyclinic № 2 ^[36]
• City Dental Clinic ^[37]
• Kislovodsk Psychiatric Hospital. Zheleznovodsk branch ^[38]
• Regional children's sanatorium "Solnechny" ^{[39] [40]}
• Sanatorium "Mashuk Aqua-Term". Opened November 17, 1996 as the first building of the sanatorium "Mashuk" OJSC "Tyumenenergo" ^[41]
• Specialized orphanage "Mashuk" for children with organic lesions of the central nervous system with mental disorders ^[42]
• Sanatorium "Forest". Opened in 1951 as a sanatorium school with 125 places. In the 70s of the XX century, a pioneer camp was located here. From 2002 to 2013, the sanatorium belonged to the Kazakhmys Corporation , which in 2003 carried out its complete reconstruction .

• Kindergarten No. 3 "Daisy" ^[43]
• Kindergarten No. 4 "Thumbelina" ^[44]
• Kindergarten number 5 "Teremok". Opened in 2014. Winner of the All-Russian contest “Exemplary Kindergarten 2019” ^[45] .
• Kindergarten No. 13 "Amber" ^[46] . Opened April 19, 1981 ^[41]
• Kindergarten No. 14 "Kid". It was opened on December 15, 1971 as a children's factory No. 14 "Kid" of the Mashuk winery ^[41]
• Kindergarten No. 16 "Bell" ^[47]
• Kindergarten No. 17 "Rodnichok" ^[48]
• Secondary school No. 4 ^[49]
• Secondary school No. 5 ^[50]
• South Russian Lyceum of the Cossacks and peoples of the Caucasus. Opened September 9, 1996 ^[41]
• Special (correctional) general boarding school No. 1 of the VIII type ^[51]
• Children's Art School ^[52]
• Orphanage (mixed) No. 10 named. N.K. Krupskaya ^[53]
• Zheleznovodsk Art and Construction College ^[54]
• Moscow State University for the Humanities named after M.A. Sholokhov. Zheleznovodsk branch ^[55]

• Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist . Consecrated July 7, 1999
• Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Construction is underway by the Greek diaspora ^[56]

• Winery "Mashuk"
• Kavigris Enterprise - a branch of the Moscow Champagne Wine Factory
• The company "Builder KMV"
• Enterprise "Kavkazgidrogeologiya". Formed on January 1, 1976 as the Kavminvodskaya hydrogeological expedition ^[57]

Historical monuments

• Mass grave of Soviet soldiers who died during the liberation of the village ^[58]
• The building where the preschool orphanage was located, which was visited by N.K. Krupskaya ^[59]
• The building, from the balcony of which K. Zetkin spoke to the residents of the village of Karras ^[60]
• The house of Rosca, in which the poet M. Yu. Lermontov spent the last hours before the duel ^[61] .
• Tomb of the Unknown Soldier ^[62]

Roshke House

In 1824, a wheeled (unpaved) road was built, connecting the Hot Waters through Zheleznye via Karras (with a branch to Mashuk - through the territory of the present Mashuk station, Central Electric Power Station (settlement Energetik), Perkalsky nursery, Lesnaya Dacha (Komsomolskaya Polyana) and up almost directly, almost no serpentine). On the road, in the estate of the German colonist Gottlieb Rosche, there was a famous coffee house and a small hotel. Under an agreement with the Water Directorate, carriages and riders made a compulsory stop near this estate.

A. S. Pushkin , M. Yu. Lermontov , V. G. Belinsky , M. I. Glinka , L. N. Tolstoy visited the cafe near Roshke. CMS researcher F. A. Batalin noted in 1856 that “there is no better coffee than in Coffee House in the foreman of the Roshke colony in Pyatigorsk.” It so happened that in the last hours before the fateful duel, M. Yu. Lermontov had lunch with friends in this house.

Monument enema

In June 2008, the world's first and so far the only monument dedicated to an enema was installed on the territory of the local sanatorium "Mashuk Aqua-Term". It is a bronze monument weighing 350 kg and a height of 1.5 meters, made in the form of a composition of three angel-like children, carrying, lifting over their heads, a large pear-shaped enema. Sculptor of the project Avakova S.I.

“In many medical institutions, including the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, enema is one of the most frequently prescribed procedures for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract,” said Alexander Kharchenko, director of the Mashuk Aqua-Therm Sanatorium ^[63] . Therefore, it was time for an enema to erect a monument. At the entrance to the sanatorium itself, the slogan now hangs: “We will hit with an enema for sloppiness and congestion!” ^[64] .

Batalinsky source

Batalinsky spring - a source of bitter, laxative action of mineral water, is located east of the village on the left bank of the Dzhemuha river ^[65] .

Batalinsky cave

Geological - geomorphological natural monument “ Batalinskaya cave ” is located 3 km east of Inozemtsevo, in the Dzhemuha Valley. The cave is a horizontal karst cavity in the ledge of the terrace, composed of travertines and pebbles , laden with clay. Height - 1 m, width - about 50 m, depth - up to 4 m ^[66] .

• Inozemtsevo // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
• Plohotnyuk T. N. The formation of the Scottish colony Karras in the context of Russia's migration policy in the Caucasus (last quarter of the 18th – 19th centuries) // Karras Scientific Readings dedicated to the 210th anniversary of the founding of the Inozemtsevo village: proceedings of a regional scientific and practical conference (September, 2012) : [ arch. October 4, 2018 ] / Ed. V.I. Fenukhina, I.M. Rotkina, L.I. Krasnokutskaya. - Pyatigorsk: Bulletin of the Caucasus, 2013. - S. 7-21. - ISBN 978-5-85714-102-1 .

• Kol. Karras / Karras (Inozemtsevo) - Pjatigorsk / Pyatigorsk (Neopr.) . Geschichte der Wolgadeutschen: local history and genealogy forum .