Zapan (1) (Zapony) [1] - an engineering barrier in a natural or artificial water area , which is a water surface enclosed by floating structures (usually constructed from logs or wooden trusses connected by hinges ) and used for temporary or final detention, giving the desired direction movement, storage, sorting of solid floating objects ( forests , ice , garbage , etc.) in a certain place of a watercourse (usually rafted rivers and canals ) or a reservoir ( lakes , reservoirs , etc.). Zapanya is also often called the enclosing devices themselves. [2]
Content
In rafting
In timber rafting, saunas are the most important hydraulic structures , as they are the main means of delaying and storing the forest, fused with a mole or in raft units .
Classification
By type of destination, zapani is divided into:
- indigenous - are installed at the end points of the initial timber rafting to detain and store the forest, intended for rafting in bundles and forming rafts or unloading ashore;
- intermediate - are built on the paths of rafting for the detention and temporary storage of the rafted forest with subsequent transfer to the root sand;
- auxiliary - are mounted, as a rule, before sorting devices in order to create a more rarefied wad .
By the degree of overlap of the watercourse or water area :
- transverse - cover the entire width of the watercourse or water area;
- longitudinal - are installed on one of the coasts and cover only part of the watercourse or water area in width, thus providing the possibility of passage of ships and rafting timber rafting;
By design features:
- stump - are installed if the flow velocity is less than 1.25 m / s;
- bed-mesh - are used if the flow velocity is more than 1.25 m / s.
By service life:
- permanent - with a service life of more than 2 years;
- temporary - with a service life of up to 2 years.
By the installation method and flow direction:
- normal - are installed perpendicular to the flow;
- inclined - installed at an angle to the rotation;
- tent-mounted with a channel support and flow separation;
- multi-span - are used at high design pressure wads in the location of the sand . [3]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 M.V. Zarva. Russian verbal stress. Dictionary of Common Names. . -M .: ENAS, 2001.
- ↑ Ch. ed. S. A. Kuznetsov. Great Dictionary of Russian language. . - SPb. : Norint, 1998.
- ↑ Water transport of the forest. Zapani . woodroads.ru. Archived on September 4, 2012.
Links
- Information on sloppiness sandpans of various designs is in the article by A. Poryadin, “Methods and Means for Shugoled Protection of Intakes,” on ing-seti.ru .
- Zapan // Max Fasmer . The etymological dictionary of the Russian language : Per. with him. - M .: Progress , 1967. - T. 2. - S. 2, 78.
- The survey of the sayans of the Sayano-Shushensky reservoir Is completed . ruscable.ru. Archived on May 17, 2012.
- “About the gamble, the grouse and a little about the Gulag” . northural.ru. Archived on May 17, 2012.
- Photoalbum: Zapan on the South River during a molten rafting.