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Davy Medal

The Davy Medal is an award from the Royal Society of London , awarded “for extremely important discoveries in any field of chemistry” [1] [2] .

Davy Medal
English Davy medal
A country United Kingdom
Type ofmedal
Who is handedRoyal Society of London
Statusis awarded
Statistics
Established1877 year
Number of awards140
Website

The medal is named after Humphrey Davy , along with the award comes a cash prize of $ 2,000. The award was first awarded in 1877 to Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff “For Research and Discoveries in Spectral Analysis” [1] , since then it has been awarded 140 times [1] . The medal is awarded annually and, unlike other Royal Society awards, such as, for example, the Hughes Medal , it has been awarded every year since its inception.

Several scientists were awarded the medal at once: for example, in 1882 it was awarded to Dmitry Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer “for discovering periodic dependence on atomic weight” [1] , in 1883 - to Marseille Berthelot and Julius Thomsen “for research in thermochemistry” [1] , in 1893, to Jacob Hendrik Vant-Hoff and Joseph Asheil Le Bel "in recognition of the introduction of their theory of asymmetric carbon, and its use in explaining the constitution of optically active carbon compounds" [1] , in 1903, to Pierre Curie and Maria Curie " for research on radium ”and in 1968 John at Kornfortu and "in recognition of their joint work in elucidating biosynthesis in steroids" [1] . 32 medals were awarded to the Nobel Prize laureate.

List of Laureates

YearNameAwarding reasonNote
1877Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Robert KirchhoffFor research and discovery in spectral analysis[3]
1878Louis-Paul Kayete and Pictet, RaulFor research conducted by scientists independently, but at the same time, on the condensation of so-called constant gases[four]
1879Paul Emile Lecock de BouabodranFor the discovery of gallium[5]
1880Charles FriedelFor studies of organic silicon compounds and other studies[6]
1881  Adolf von BayerFor the synthesis of indigo[7]
1882Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev and Julius Lothar MeyerFor the discovery of the periodic dependence of the atomic weight[8]
1883Marceline Berthelot and Julius ThomsenFor research in thermochemistry[9]
1884Adolf Wilhelm Hermann KolbeFor research into the isomerism of alcohols[10]
1885Jean Serve StasFor accurate definitions of atomic weights[eleven]
1886Jean Charles Galissard de MarignacFor atomic weight research[12]
1887John NewlandsFor the discovery of the periodic law of chemical elements[13] [14]
1888William CrookesFor studying the behavior of substances under the influence of an electric discharge in vacuum[fifteen]
1889William Henry Perkin (Sr.)For studies of magnetic rotation from the chemical composition of the compound[16]
1890  Emil Herman FischerFor discoveries in the field of organic chemistry and especially for his research on carbohydrates[17]
1891Victor MayerFor research on the determination of vapor density at high temperatures[13]
1892Francois Marie RaoulFor his studies on freezing solutions, as well as on the vapor pressure of solutions[eighteen]
1893  Jacob Hendrik Van Hoff and Joseph Asheil Le BelIn recognition of their theory of asymmetric carbon, and its use in explaining the constitution of optically active carbon compounds[19]
1894Per Theodor CleveFor research on rare earths[twenty]
1895  William RamsayFor his contribution to the discovery of argon, as well as for his discoveries regarding the gaseous constituents of earth minerals[21]
1896  Henri MoissantFor the selection of fluorine and the use of an electric furnace in the production of refractory metals and their compounds[22]
1897John Hall GladstoneFor his great contribution to chemical science, and especially for his important work in the application of optical methods in chemistry[23]
1898Johannes WislicenusFor his contribution to organic chemistry, especially to the field of stereochemical isomers[24]
1899For studies of madder, indigo and chlorophyll[25]
1900For his brilliant work on the theory of aromatic compounds[26]
1901For his contribution to spectroscopy[27]
1902  Svante August ArrheniusFor applying dissociation theory to explain chemical changes[28]
1903  Pierre Curie and    Marie curieFor the study of radium[29]
1904William Henry Perkin (Jr.)For his significant discoveries in organic chemistry[16]
1905Albert LadenburgFor research in the field of organic chemistry, especially related to the synthesis of natural alkaloids[thirty]
1906Wilhelm Rudolph FittigFor research in chemistry, especially his work on lactones and acids[31]
1907Edward Williams MorleyBased on his contribution to physics and chemistry, and especially for determining the relative atomic masses of hydrogen and oxygen[32]
1908Based on discoveries in chemistry, especially terpenes and atomic heat[33]
1909James DewarBased on my research at low temperatures[34]
1910  Theodore William RichardsBased on their research on the determination of atomic masses[35]
1911Henry Edward ArmstrongBased on his research in organic and general chemistry[16]
1912  Otto WallachBased on his research in the chemistry of essential oils and cyclo-olefins[36]
1913Based on synthetic chemistry[16]
1914Based on his significant contribution to structural and organic chemistry[37]
1915  Paul SabatierFor research on contact action, as well as the use of finely divided metals, catalysts[38]
1916Henri Louis Le ChatelierBased on his exaltation as a chemist[39]
1917Based on research in organic chemistry[40]
1918Based on studies in the camphor group and among organic derivatives of nitrogen and silicon[41]
1919Based on his outstanding work in chemistry, especially in optical activity and fermentation[42]
1920Based on his work in the field of physical chemistry and especially on the composition of alloys[43] [44]
1921Philippe Auguste GuyFor research in the field of physical chemistry[45]
1922For research on synthetic organic chemistry[46]
1923For studies on the complete drying of gases and liquids[47]
1924Arthur George PerkinFor research on the structure of natural coloring substances[16]
1925For work on the constitution of sugar[48]
1926For his work on the theory of ionization[49]
1927For his work in physical chemistry, especially in the dissolution of electrolytes[fifty]
1928Frederick George DonnanFor his contribution to physical chemistry and especially for his theory of membrane equilibrium[51]
1929Gilbert Newton LewisFor his contribution to classical thermodynamics and valence theory[52]
1930  Robert RobinsonFor work on the constitution and synthesis of natural substances, as well as for his contribution to the theory of organic reactions[53]
1931For his research in the field of organic chemistry, in particular related to tautomerism and the mechanism of organic reactions[54]
1932  Richard Martin WillstatterFor outstanding research in the field of organic chemistry[55]
1933For research in the field of organic chemistry, as well as for the work on the synthesis and properties of cyanine dyes, and especially for his research on new types of asymmetric molecules[56]
1934  Walter norman howorsFor studies of the molecular structure of carbohydrates[57]
1935  Arthur GardenFor outstanding work in the field of biochemistry and especially for fundamental discoveries in the field of alcohol fermentation chemistry[58]
1936For his pioneering work on contact catalysis and his research on the mechanism of hydrocarbon combustion, the nature of fire and gaseous explosions[59]
1937  Hans FisherIn recognition of his work on the chemistry of porphyrins, in particular, on the determination of their detailed structure of degradation and the synthesis of porphyrins of biological significance[60]
1938In recognition of his outstanding research on alkaloids and other natural products[61]
1939For discoveries and study of colloidal electrolytes[62]
1940  Harold Clayton UreyFor the isolation of deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen, and for his work on other isotopes with details of the course of chemical reactions[63]
1941For his pioneering work in biochemical research and especially for his fundamental contribution to the study of intermediate metabolism[64]
1942  Cyril Norman HinshelwoodIn recognition of his outstanding work on chemical reaction mechanisms[65]
1943In recognition of his significant contribution to organic chemistry, especially to the chemistry of natural products of physiological importance[66]
1944In recognition of his research on explosives, analytical methods, the internal structure of diamond and the infrared absorption spectrum[67]
1945Roger AdamsIn recognition of his extensive research in organic chemistry and his recent work in the field of alkaloids[68]
1946Christopher Kelk IngoldIn recognition of his outstanding work on the application of physical methods to problems in the field of organic chemistry[69]
1947   Linus Carl PaulingIn recognition of his outstanding contribution to valency theory[70]
1948Edmund Langley HurstIn recognition of his outstanding work in the field of determining the structure of sugar, starch, gum plants and especially vitamin C[71]
1949  Alexander Robertus ToddFor studies of the synthetic structure and achievements in the field of organic and biological chemistry, with special emphasis on vitamins B1, E and natural nucleosides[72]
1950For outstanding research on the constitution of natural products, especially hydrocarbons and their derivatives[73]
1951For outstanding contributions to surface chemistry[74]
1952In recognition of his research in the chemistry of natural products, in particular a wide range of glycosides, dyes containing oxygen atoms[75]
1953John Edward Lennard-JonesFor outstanding work on the application of quantum mechanics to the theory of valency and to the analysis of the structure of decimal compounds[76]
1954For outstanding fundamental research in the field of organic chemistry[77]
1955In recognition of his outstanding work in the field of physical chemistry and the reaction of polymers[78]
1956In recognition of his outstanding contribution to the chemistry of natural products, especially those containing heterocyclic systems[79]
1957In recognition of her outstanding research in crystal structure and growth[80] [81] [82] [83]
1958  Ronald George Rayford NorrishIn recognition of his outstanding work in kinetic chemistry, especially photochemistry[84]
1959  Robert Burns WoodwardIn recognition of his outstanding research in the field of organic chemistry and, in particular, for his contribution to the structure and synthesis of natural products[85]
1960In recognition of his outstanding pioneering work in analyzing the structure of crystals, especially organic compounds[86]
1961  Derek Harold Richard BurtonIn recognition of his outstanding research in the field of organic chemistry, in particular the structure and stereochemistry of natural substances of the class of terpenes and steroids, as well as an analysis of the conformation of cyclic structures[87]
1962In recognition of his outstanding research in inorganic chemistry, the discovery and study of a wide range of new compounds[88]
1963In recognition of his outstanding work in elucidating photochemical reactions, as well as for studying fluorescence and phosphorescence depending on molecular processes[89]
1964  Calvin, MelvinIn recognition of his pioneering work in chemistry and biology[90]
1965In recognition of his outstanding contribution to infrared spectroscopy and its application to chemical problems[91]
1966In recognition of his outstanding contribution to synthetic organic chemistry, as well as the study of the structure of natural products[92]
1967  Vladimir PrelogIn recognition of his outstanding work on stereochemistry and the development of concepts on the structure of alkaloids and antibiotics[93]
1968  John Workup Cornfort andIn recognition of their outstanding collaboration in explaining biosynthesis in polyterpenoids and steroids[94]
1969In recognition of his outstanding work on chemical reaction mechanisms[95]
1970In recognition of his outstanding work in theoretical chemistry[96]
1971  George PorterIn recognition of his outstanding contribution to understanding chemical reactions[97]
1972Birch, Arthur JohnIn recognition of his outstanding research on the biosynthesis of organic natural products and the development of new reagents for recovery processes[98]
1973In recognition of his outstanding contribution to chemistry, especially for studying the structure of imperfect surfaces and non-stoichiometric materials[99]
1974James baddleyIn recognition of his outstanding research on coenzymes and components of the bacterial cell wall[one hundred]
1975In recognition of his outstanding contribution to physical chemistry, including the study of reactions occurring in flames[101]
1976In recognition of his outstanding contribution to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its application in chemical and biological problems[102]
1977Alan Rushton ButtersbyIn recognition of his outstanding and internationally recognized achievements in biosynthesis, for his thorough and logical analysis of the complex breakdown of alkaloids and porphyrins obtained in vivo[103]
1978Eschenmozer, AlbertIn recognition of his outstanding contribution to modern synthetic organic chemistry and the well-illustrated complete synthesis of vitamin B12[104]
1979In recognition of his outstanding contribution to understanding catalysis involving ligation of molecules such as olefins or nitrous oxide[105]
1980In recognition of his outstanding contribution to the chemistry of natural substances, including vitamin B12, seed germination factors and studies of insect hormones and pheromones[106]
1981In recognition of his outstanding contribution to organic synthesis[107]
1982In recognition of his outstanding studies of the mechanisms of a wide range of chemical reactions based on a semi-empirical wave of mechanical calculations[108]
1983In recognition of his outstanding creativity in biosynthesis and bioorganic stereochemistry[109]
1984Samuel Frederick EdwardsIn recognition of his outstanding contribution to the theoretical basis of the thermodynamic aspects of polymer chemistry[110]
1985For outstanding work on the structure and reactivity of metal cluster compounds[111]
1986In recognition of his early proposals for enzyme production methods and his later quantitative analysis of the interaction macromolecule[112]
1987Alec JeffriesIn recognition of his contribution to the study of human DNA, in particular for the discovery and operation of hypervariable regions in the human genome[113]
1988  John PopleIn recognition of his wide contribution to theoretical chemistry, especially to the development and application of methods for calculating molecular wave functions and properties[114]
1989В знак признания его выдающегося вклада в металлоорганическую химию[115]
1990За новаторское количественное исследование свободно-радикальных реакций в растворе и в живых организмах, в частности, с помощью электронно-магнитного резонанса[116]
1991Джереми НоулзВ знак признания его вклада в механистическую химию, в частности, применение химических методов для решения фундаментальных биологических проблем распознавания и катализа[117]
1992За определение и характеристику молекулярных спектров переходных видов[116]
1993Джек БолдуинЗа вклад в био-органическую химию, в частности, понимание биосинтеза бета-лактамных антител[118]
1994За пионерские исследования химии твердого тела и разработку новых материалов для гетерогенного катализа[119]
1995В знак признания его вклада в металлоорганическую химию с приложением для каталитических реакций-
1996  Джефри УилкинсонВ знак признания его вклада в органическую химию, развитие гомогенного катализа и его работы по гидроформилирования[120]
1997  Жан-Мари ЛенВ знак признания его работ по супрамолекулярной химии, о самоорганизации молекул и химических устройствах-
1998В знак признания его новаторской работы в области анализа белков[121]
1999В знак признания его работы по неорганической химии, в частности, за значительное влияние на химию переходных металлов и его пионерские исследования по уникальной тройной связи металл-металл-
2000В знак признания изобретений новых синтетических методов, применяемых для синтеза сложных натуральных веществ от насекомых, микроорганизмов и растений-
2001За его новаторский вклад в понимание путей биосинтеза и, в частности за его работу по витамину В12-
2002Нил БартлеттЗа свои исследования окисляемых элементов, в первую очередь с использованием элементарного фтора[122]
2003За свою блестящую карьеру в электрохимии[123]
2004За многочисленные и разнообразные достижения в молекулярной спектроскопии и её приложениях, в частности в астрономии-
2005Крис ДобсонЗа работы в области применения ядерного магнетического резонанса и другие методы изучения складывания белка и неправильного сворачивания, особенно образование амилоидных фибрилл[124]
2006За свою новаторскую работу в области молекулярной химии полупроводников, которая теперь стала большим и важным направлением полупроводниковой науки и техники[125]
2007За инновационный, экспериментальный вклад в области химической физики, в том числе молекулярной динамики, молекулярной спектроскопии и биофизической химии-
2008  Джеймс СтоддартЗа вклад в молекулярную технологию-
2009За его новаторский вклад в нескольких областях, в последнее время в области динамической комбинаторной химии в авангарде супрамолекулярной химии[one]
2010Кэрол РобинсонЗа её новаторский вклад в применение масс-спектрометрии для характеристики больших белковых комплексов[one]
2011  Ахмед ЗевейлЗа плодотворные вклады в изучение сверхбыстрых реакций и понимание переходных состояний в химии, и в динамическую электронную микроскопию[one]
2012За его новаторскую плёночную электрохимию белков, позволяющую изумительные термодинамический и кинетический контроль окислительно-восстановительных ферментов, на примере гидрогеназы, ключевую в энергетических технологиях[one]
2013For the discovery of catalysis by gold and for his seminal contributions to this new field of chemistry-
2014For further pioneering applications of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance to materials of relevance to energy and the environment-
2015For his work in determining the reaction chemistry of enzyme-catalysed carbohydrate transformations-
2016For distinguished contributions to the chemistry of bio-mineralization and for pioneering the bio-inspired synthesis and self-assembly of functional nanostructures and hybrid nanoscale objects-
2017For his advances in the design and discovery of functional materials, integrating the development of new experimental and computational techniques-
2018-

Notes

  1. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 The Davy Medal (1877) (неопр.) . Royal Society. Дата обращения 17 ноября 2011. Архивировано 3 сентября 2012 года.
  2. ↑ Boas Hall, Marie. All Scientists Now: The Royal Society in the Nineteenth Century. — Cambridge University Press, 2002. — P. 146. — ISBN 0521892635 .
  3. ↑ Lagowski, JJ Chemistry: Foundations and Applications. — Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. — P. 151.
  4. ↑ Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. — United States National Museum, 1901. — P. 131.
  5. ↑ Lockyer, Norman. Nature. — Nature Publishing Group , 1912. — P. 352.
  6. ↑ Surrey, Alexander Robert. Name reactions in organic chemistry. — Academic Press , 1961. — P. 101.
  7. ↑ Gillispie, Charles Coulston. Dictionary of Scientific Biography. — American Council of Learned Societies, 1970. — P. 389.
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  13. ↑ 1 2 Ede, Andrew. A History of Science in Society: From Philosophy to Utility. — Broadview Press, 2004. — P. 120. — ISBN 1551116669 .
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  80. ↑ Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey. The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives from Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century. — Taylor & Francis, 2000. — P. 804. — ISBN 041592040X .
  81. ↑ Haines, Catharine MC International Women in Science. — ABC-CLIO, 2001. — P. 183. — ISBN 1576070905 .
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