Distance trading (from the English distance , "distance") is one of the forms of retail sale of goods, the difference between which is traditional store trading , is the presence of a distance between the seller and the consumer. Thus, there is no personal contact between the seller and the buyer, and the buyer makes a purchase based on images and a text description of the goods [1] . The sale of goods remotely means that the buyer did not get to know the goods in full: there were no tactile sensations and the work of the goods was not evaluated [2] [3] .
Content
History
Already at the end of the 19th century, distance trading was well developed in the USA , Russia and other countries. In the USA, this type of trade symbolized one of the principles of democracy : a person has the right to buy any things, regardless of their place of residence and the availability of the corresponding assortment in stores.
Traditionally, the acquisition of goods was through mail services, and printed catalogs were the main means of displaying goods to consumers. In the 1970s - 1990s, the concept of "distance trading" expanded significantly, as companies specializing in this service began to use additional channels of information transfer, including television , the Internet and mobile communications [1] .
Today it is also one of the most rapidly developing and promising areas of business in the world. Distance trade turnover in individual European countries reaches up to 7% of national GDP [1] .
The development of distance trading is especially relevant for regions of large countries, when customers are mainly located away from regional centers with developed infrastructure [1] [4] .
In 2016, the Russian Institute for Consumer Testing developed the GOST for distance trading, which they plan to approve in October 2017 [5] .
Regulatory
In the Russian Federation , the sale and purchase of goods remotely is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation , the federal law “ On Protection of Consumer Rights ” (Article 26.1), the Rules for the sale of goods remotely [6] (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 612 of September 27, 2007), Federal Laws “On Advertising” [7] , “ On Personal Data ” and other decrees and acts [8] .
The current judicial practice on the consumer’s right to return goods of good quality without explanation is also significant [9] . As Dmitry Yastrebov, the chief scientific consultant of the Legal Services of the Capital company, confirms: “Judicial practice has made adjustments regarding the consumer’s right to return certain types of goods of good quality by the consumer, for example, personal hygiene items, perfumes and cosmetics, jewelry” [10] .
The interests of the Russian distance trading market are represented by the National Distance Trading Association, founded in 2004.
In Ukraine, the purchase and sale of goods using remote communications is regulated by special Rules for the sale of goods to order and outside commercial or office premises [11] , which provide for the possibility of buying through telecommunication networks, postal service, television and the Internet. The rules are adopted based on the experience of the countries of the European Union , and their provisions are designed to protect, first of all, the interests of consumers. The requirements of consumers regarding quality, safety, warranty repair and exchange of goods are satisfied in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Consumer Rights".
See also
- Shop on the sofa
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 V.V. Semenikhin . Trade. Encyclopedia.
- ↑ Internet commerce: retail or remote? .
- ↑ Remote way of selling goods (MEMORY FOR CONSUMERS)
- ↑ Trends in the distance selling market in Russia
- ↑ Distance trading created GOST // News
- ↑ Rules for the sale of goods remotely
- ↑ About advertising
- ↑ Distance trading as an object of legal regulation
- ↑ How can a consumer return a product purchased in an online store
- ↑ [1] [2]
- ↑ Order of the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine of April 19, 2007 No. 103.