Zakiev, Mirfatykh Zakievich

1946-1951 He studied at the Department of Tatar Philology of Kazan State University , which he graduated with honors. In 1951-1954 study in graduate school.

The beginning of labor came in the war years. He worked as a shepherd on a collective farm (1941), then as a stabler (1942), as a blacksmith (1943-1946). In 1946 he entered Kazan State University, where he graduated with honors in 1951. In 1954 he defended his thesis "Saying in the modern Tatar literary language." Then he worked as a senior lecturer, assistant professor of the Department of Tatar Language and Literature at Kazan State University (1954-1960). Teaching subjects: Tatar language syntax, history of the Tatar language, problems of the revival and development of languages ​​of national minorities.

• 1960-1965 - Head Department of Tatar Language, KSU.
• 1965-1967 - Vice-Rector for Science, Kazan State Pedagogical Institute.
• 1967-1986 - rector of the Kazan Pedagogical Institute.
• 1968-1986 - Head Department of Tatar Linguistics, Kazan Pedagogical Institute.
• 1986-1996 - Director of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1992 - AN RT).
• 1996-2000 - Director of the Institute of Language, Literature and Art of the Academy of Sciences of the RT.
• 1992-2002 - Academic Secretary of the Department of Humanities of the Academy of Sciences of the RT.
• Since 1986 - Head of the Department of Linguistics, since 2007 - the Department of Lexicology and Dialectology, IALI AN RT.

• 1954-1956 - party organizer of the Department of Tatar Philology of KSU. 1957-1960 - Secretary of the Party Organization of the History Department of KSU.
• 1969-1979 - Member of the Kazan City Council.
• 1980-1990 - Deputy and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the TASSR.
• 1961-1987 - Member of the Editorial Board of Magarif Magazine
• 1977-1986 - chairman of the scientific commission of the Ministry of Industry of the RSFSR on national philology.
• 1978-1987 - Member of the Editorial Board of the journal "Soviet Turkology".
• 1970 - to the present - member of the Republican Committee on the award of the state prize to them. G. Tukaya.
• 1969-2000 - Chairman of the Council for the defense of dissertations in the pedagogical and philological sciences.
• 1978-1991 - member of the Soviet Committee of Turkologists.
• 1992 - present - member of the Russian Committee of Turkologists.
• 2000 - present - Member of the Editorial Board of the Turkish magazine "Kok Arashtyrmalar".
• 2000 - present - Member of the Editorial Board of the magazine “Fһәn һәm tel” (Science and Language).
• 2000 - present - Member of the dissertation councils at INL and KSPU.

Member of the Scientific Council "Language and Society" at the Department of Literature and Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

At present, he is a member of the Committee under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Tatarstan on the implementation of the Law of the Republic of Tatarstan “On Languages”.

The main directions of scientific research:

• in the field of linguistics :
  • the syntactic structure of the Tatar language;
  • history of the Tatar language;
  • problems of the development of the Tatar language;
  • history of Tatar linguistics;
• in the field of history:
  • ethnogenesis of the Türks and Tatars.

On July 6, 1963 he defended his doctoral dissertation “The Syntactic System of the Tatar Language”. September 2, 1964 M.Z. Zakiev was awarded the academic title of professor. In September 1991, he was elected an academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Scientific schools

He created scientific schools in the field of linguistic, interethnic and interlanguage contacts, bilingualism and multilingualism. M. Z. Zakiev trained more than 40 scientific personnel, 12 of his former graduate students became doctors, professors and academicians of various public academies.

Hypotheses of MZ Zakiev in the history of the Volga peoples

The works of MZ Zakiev on the history of the Volga peoples, in particular the Kazan Tatars and the Chuvash, lie within the ideology of Bulgarism ^[1] .

In the collection “Materials on the History of the Tatar People” (1995), published under the guidance of MZ Zakiev, the hypothesis of not only the Bulgarian, but also the Scythian, Alan-As, Biarmi ethnic roots of modern Tatars is proved.

M. Z. Zakiev actively criticizes the theory of the Bulgarian-Chuvash language and ethnic continuity put forward by N. I. Ashmarin in the work “Bulgarians and Chuvashs.” Historian V. D. Dimitriev described criticism of M. Z. Zakiev as having political arguments:

He seeks to refute the Ashmarin theory not with linguistic, but political arguments: Ashmarin, they say, was the royal censor of Tatar publications (although this censor did not seize any Tatar books), he served the Russian bourgeoisie, he wanted to quarrel the Chuvash with the Tatars, he was not a Marxist.

- Dimitriev V. D. On the substantiation by N. I. Ashmarin of the theory of the Bulgarian-Chuvash language and ethnic continuity // Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Chuvash Republic. - 1996. - No. 1. - S. 183-200.

Turning to the Erzya exoethnonym Chuvash “ Vetka ” ^{[2] [3]} , M.Z. Zakiev suggested that once in the territory of modern Chuvashia there existed a Finno-Ugric-speaking Veda people who changed their ethnonym and language under the influence of the usual Turkic- speaking Suasses.

Chuvashs are descendants of the previous Finno-Ugric-speaking Vedas ; they were formed in the process of close communication and consolidation of the Vedas with the usual Türkic-speaking Suasses, as a result of the mixing of the Finno-Ugric and Turkic languages, the preponderance turned out to be on the side of the Turkic system, and the Turkic ethnonym suac> Chuvash was also fixed to the former Vedas.

The non-Chuvash part of the Turkic-speaking Suasses took part in the formation of the Bulgaro-Tatars.

- Zakiev M.Z. History of the Tatar people (Ethnic roots, formation and development). / Zakiev M.Z. - M .: INSAN, 2008 .-- S. 32.

In the book Volga Bulgars and their descendants, co-authored with Ya. F. Kuzmin-Umanadi in 1993, M. Z. Zakiev suggested that some Suasses, some people who spoke Mongolian-Turkic, participated in the ethnogenesis of the Chuvashs mixed language and Mari. As a result, a Chuvash ethnic group was formed with a new language, choosing for itself a Finno-Ugric word for itself, meaning "river", "water".

The second part of the Suasses, long before the formation of the Bulgarian nationality, was mixed with the early ancestors of the Chuvash, who spoke a special Mongol-Turkic mixed language (possibly with the Khazar cabarets ), as well as with a part of the Mari. As a result of this, a new ethnos was formed, which differs in language from the early ancestors of the Chuvash, from the Suasses and from the Mari. It is clear that this happened in ancient times, because the mixing of languages ​​(that is, the formation of a third language of two) is possible only before the emergence of a class society, that is, before the formation of a nationality. In a class society, the mixing of languages ​​is no longer possible, only assimilation is possible. The new tribal association, formed from three multilingual tribes, was called by the neighboring Maris the Suaslamari, that is, people, men (in Suassky, Mari - man, person), maybe Mari in Suassian. This ethnonym, as we already know, is used by the Mari in our days to refer to the Chuvash. This origin of the Chuvash is also confirmed by the fact that, at the initial stage of mixing, the Mari part of the Suaslamari, imitating the Suass part, which called itself river aces, began to call itself river as well, using the Ugro-Finnish word for it ( vede ) 'river, water'. The ethnonym Veda has long served as one of the self-names of the ancestors of the modern Chuvash. Referring to irrefutable evidence, academician MN Tikhomirov convincingly connects the history of the Chuvash with the Vedas ^[4] . Based on this and other historical facts, as well as on the materials of the modern ethnographic-linguistic expedition, the Mordovian scientist N. F. Mokshin comes to the conclusion: “The opinion of M. N. Tikhomirov , who pointed out the identity of the Chuvash with the Veda, seems to be the most correct, in particular, in the “ Word on the death of the Russian land ” along with the Burtases, Cheremis and Mordovians: “Burtasi, Cheremis, Veda and Mordva to the side of the prince the great Volodimir.” An important proof that the Chuvash people in the Middle Ages really were known in Russia under the name Veda is the existence of this ethnonym among Mordovians, and Mordvins are called so Chuvash until now ” ^[5] .

- Zakiev M.Z., Kuzmin-Umanadi Y. F. Volga Bulgars and their descendants . - M .: INSAN, Russian Cultural Foundation, 1993. - P. 87.

Differences of the Chuvash language from the actual Turkic languages MZ Zakiev explains the influence of the Mongolian and Finno-Ugric languages.

Chuvash (strong Mongolian and Finno-Ugric influence alienated this language from the usual Turkic)

- Zakiev M.Z. History of the Tatar people (Ethnic roots, formation and development). / Zakiev M.Z. - M .: INSAN, 2008 .-- S. 32.

Meanwhile, objective history connects the ethnic roots of the Chuvash with the Vedas who spoke the Finno-Ugric language of the Mari type. Apparently, even in antiquity, their language was very strongly influenced by the Mongolian language. The Vedas in the Volga region very closely communicated with the usual Türkic-speaking Suasses (one of the ancestors of the Bulgaro-Tatars), under the influence of this language, the Finno-Ugric language of the Veda people gradually adopted the features of the Suas language, adopted from them the new ethnonym Suas / Suvas / Chuvas / Chuvash.

- Zakiev M.Z. History of the Tatar people (Ethnic roots, formation and development). / Zakiev M.Z. - M .: INSAN, 2008 .-- S. 94.

The significance of his ideological and theoretical concepts on historical topics is explained by the philologist M.Z. Zakiev by the need to protect the national interests of the Tatar people in the founding of Kazan and the original ownership of the lands of modern Tatarstan.

The Tatar-Tatar concept also has nothing to do with the national interests of the people, expecting from historians and ethnologists a truthful description of its ethnogenetic roots. Accepting this concept, we would be in a false position and in the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of Kazan. In this case, we would have to argue that the city of Kazan was founded in the Bulgarian period by the Chuvash-speaking Bulgars, and not the ancestors of the Tatars.

- Zakiev M.Z. History of the Tatar people (Ethnic roots, formation and development). / Zakiev M.Z. - M .: INSAN, 2008 .-- S. 113.

The Chuvash Bulgarists deny the right of their Tatar rivals to be called the Bulgars, since they see in them the descendants of only the newly arrived Mongol Tatars, who usurped the local Bulgar Chuvash and seized their ancestral lands.

- Zakiev M.Z. History of the Tatar people (Ethnic roots, formation and development). / Zakiev M.Z. - M .: INSAN, 2008 .-- S. 331.

The ideological and theoretical concepts of M. Z. Zakiev on historical topics are described by the historian I. L. Izmailov as folk history ^[1] .

Zakiev M.Z. has the following titles:

• Honored Scientist of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1970);
• Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1976);
• Laureate of the State Prize of the Republic of Tatarstan for Science and Technology (1994).

He was awarded orders and medals:

• in 1946 - the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.";
• in 1971 - the Order of the Red Banner of Labor;
• in 1981 - with the Order of Friendship of Peoples and in different years with six medals, Certificates of Honor of the Supreme Council of the TASSR and the President of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Posted about 800 scientific works, including about 60 monographs, textbooks and study guides on the problems of the Tatar language, the history of the Tatar people, the ethnic history of the Turkic peoples, interethnic and interlanguage contacts, bilingualism and multilingualism.

• Zakiev M.Z. Khәgerge Tatars әdәbi tel. Syntax. - Kazan, 1958.- 244 b. Textbook for university students.
• Zakiev M.Z. Syntactic structure of the Tatar language. - Kazan, 1963 .-- 464s.
• Zakiev, M.Z., Tatars of the Halki Telefon Barlykka Kilhe. - Kazan, 1977 .-- 208 b.
• Zakiev M.Z. Origin of the Türks and Tatars . - Kazan: Insan, 2002 .-- 496 p. - ISBN 5-85840-317-4 .
• Zakiev M.Z. Volga Bulgars and their descendants. (coaut. Ya. F. Kuzmin-Umanadi). - Kazan, 1993 .-- 160 s.
• Zakiev M.Z. Problems of the language and origin of the Volga Tatars. - Kazan, 1986 .-- 304 s.
• Zakiev M.Z. Tatars: Problems of history and language. - Kazan, 1995 .-- 464 p.
• Zakiev M.Z. Tatar grammar. Volume 3. Syntax. Publications in Russian: Kazan, 1992 and 1995. - 576 p. Tatar edition: - Moscow-Kazan, 1999. - 510 p.
• Zakiev M.Z. Turki-Tatars ethnogenesis. - Moscow-Kazan, 1998 .-- 624 b.

Married, has two sons, four grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.

He is fond of carpentry, gardening, playing the accordion.

• Mirfatykh Zakievich Zakiev. Bibliography of scientists of Tatarstan. - M .: Insan, 1995.
• Urmanche F.I., Makhmutov H.Sh. Academician Mirfatykh Zakiev. - M .: Insan, 1998 .-- 448 p.

• An article in the Bashkir Encyclopedia (Bashk.)
• Biography of M. Z. Zakiev on the website of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan
• Biography of M. Z. Zakiev on the site "Turkic-Tatar world."
• Biography of M. Z. Zakiev in the section “Who is who” of the archive of the official server of the Republic of Tatarstan for 1997—2011.
• Biography of M.Z. Zakiev in the Big Biographical Encyclopedia.
• Page of the Department of Linguistics of the IYAL AN RT.
• On the Tatars and the Content of the Ethnonym Tatars // Zakiev M.Z. Tatars: Problems of History and Language - Kazan, 1995.
• The role of academician M.Z. Zakiev in the development of Turkology in Bashkortostan