Ivan Trofimovich Eremenko ( July 7, 1910 , Krasnodar - December 1, 1986 , Kiev ) - Soviet fighter pilot and military leader, during the Spanish Civil War, commander of the 1st fighter aviation squadron in the troops of Republican Spain . Hero of the Soviet Union 10/28/1937). Lieutenant General of Aviation (10/28/1946).
| Ivan Trofimovich Eremenko | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Date of Birth | July 7, 1910 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Place of Birth | Ekaterinodar , Kuban region , Russian Empire | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Date of death | December 1, 1986 (76 years) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Place of death | Kiev , USSR , USSR | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Affiliation |  the USSR | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type of army | air Force | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Years of service | 1927 - 1956 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commanded | Aviation Squad Republican Air Force Northern Front | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Battles / Wars | Spanish Civil War The Great Patriotic War | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Awards and prizes |
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Content
Youth
Born July 7, 1910 in the city of Yekaterinodar (now Krasnodar ) in the family of Ukrainian workers. Ukrainian . He worked as a farm laborer since 10 years, since 1924 he worked in the suburban economy of the Committee for the assistance of the poor. In 1925 he graduated from the courses of tractor drivers, in 1926 - courses of motor transport. He worked as a driver in a suburban economy and in the Selmash Union (Krasnodar). From 1926 he studied at a school of advanced age. [one]
Pre-war service and the war in Spain
In the Red Army since December 1927. In 1928 he graduated from the Military Theoretical Aviation School of the Red Army Air Force in Leningrad , and in 1929 - the 1st military school of pilots named after A. Myasnikov in the village of Kacha .
From December 1929 - junior pilot of the 70th separate aviation detachment of the Air Force of the Caucasian Red Banner Army ( Baku ). From November 1930 - commander of the 2nd separate air squadron of the Air Force of the Transcaucasian Military District , from January 1934 - commander of the squadron of the 119th squadron. From April 1937 he commanded the 119th Separate Fighter Aviation Squadron. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1938. After the introduction of military ranks in the Red Army he was given the rank of captain (4.03.1936).
From May 1937 to February 1938, Captain I. T. Eremenko took part in the Spanish Civil War . He quickly mastered the night flights, successfully fought Nazi bombers over the province of Zaragoza , making 348 sorties with 260 hours of flying time. The data on the number of victories of I. T. Eremenko in Spain are contradictory (however, almost like all the other Soviet aces in this war due to the lack of a unified accounting system and confirmation of air victories). According to the data most frequently published in Soviet times, he personally shot down 12 enemy aircraft and 4 in a group, according to research M. Yu. Bykov, shot down 7 aircraft personally and 5 in a group [2] , according to S. Abrosov’s works on participation of Soviet fighters in the war in Spain - shot down 9 airplanes personally [3] , and according to V. Gagin - won 6 personal victories and 8 in the group [4] . He won one aerial victory in a night air battle, one of the first in the Soviet Air Force. In any case, by the number of confirmed victories, I. T. Eremenko is one of the first Soviet fighter aces of the Spanish War. [five]
For courage and heroism shown in the performance of international duty, Ivan Trofimovich Eremenko was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on October 28, 1937 , and after the establishment of the special distinction sign he was awarded the Gold Star Medal No. 60.
Upon returning from Spain, he continued to serve in the Red Army Air Force . In March 1938 he was appointed Assistant Commander of the 60th Light Aviation Brigade of the Air Force of the Transcaucasian Military District, then in July 1938 - Commander of the Air Force of the Moscow Military District . In 1939 he graduated from the courses at the Academy of the General Staff of the Red Army . Rapidly increased in military ranks: February 19, 1938, Captain Eremenko was given the extraordinary military rank of colonel , February 5, 1939 - commander , and the Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on June 4, 1940 - " Major General Aviation ".
In December 1940, he was transferred to the Far East and appointed Deputy Air Force Commander of the 1st Red Banner Army on the Far Eastern Front . From May 1941 - Air Force Commander of the 25th Army of this front.
Great Patriotic War
Member of the Great Patriotic War since August 1941, when he was appointed commander of the 9th Army of the Southern Front . For deficiencies in the organization of aviation operations in October 1941, he was removed from his post, but in November he was appointed commander of the Air Force of the 18th Army of the same front. From June 7 to October 10, 1942 - Commander of the 237th Fighter Aviation Division of the 5th Air Army of the North Caucasus Front . During the defense of Novorossiysk in August 1942, he commanded a mixed air group of the Novorossiysk defensive region . From November 1, 1942 to July 13, 1943 - Commander of the 2nd Mixed Stalingrad Aviation Corps in the 8th Air Army and in the 4th Air Army of the North Caucasus, Stalingrad , Southern and Steppe Fronts. During the war years he participated in the Tiraspol-Melitopol and Donbass-Rostov defensive operations, in the Rostov offensive operation , in the battle for the Caucasus , in the Battle of Stalingrad , in the air battle on the Kuban , in the Battle of Kursk .
From July 1943 he served as the commander of the Air Force of the Stalingrad Military District , from November 1943 - Commander of the Air Force of the Kiev Military District .
Post-war service
He continued to command the district air force until April 1946, when he was sent to study at the academy. In 1949 he graduated from the Higher Military Academy named after KE Voroshilov . From August 1949 - Commander of the Air Force of the Ural Military District . From December 1952, he served as assistant to the head of the Combat Training Directorate - Assistant Commander of the Air Force of the Far Eastern Military District for Combat Training, and from December 1953 - Assistant Commander of the Air Force of the Far Eastern Military District for Combat Training and Air Defense.
In April 1956, Lieutenant-General Aviation IT T. Eremenko transferred to the reserve.
He lived in Kiev . He worked actively in DOSAAF , participated in veteran work. He died on December 1, 1986. He was buried at the Berkovets cemetery .
Awards
- Hero of the Soviet Union (10/28/1937)
- two orders of Lenin (10.28.1937)
- three orders of the Red Banner (2.09.1937, 2.03.1938, 1948)
- Order of Kutuzov 2nd degree (02/02/1943) [6]
- two orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree (1945, 11.03.1985)
- Order of the Red Star (1944)
- USSR medals
Notes
- According to the autobiography of I. T. Eremenko, published in a fragment on the Planet Air Force website .
- ↑ M. Yu. Bykov. All Aces of Stalin 1936-1953 .. - A popular science publication. - M .: Yauza-press LLC, 2014. - p. 387. - 1392 p. - (Elite Encyclopedia of the Air Force). - 1500 copies - ISBN 978-5-9955-0712-3 .
- ↑ Abrosov, 2003 , p. 333
- ↑ Gagin, 2001 , p. 86-87.
- ↑ Details on the participation of I. T. Eremenko in the hostilities in Spain are described in the article by M. Prutsakov and V. Litvinenko “The Spaniard” from the Kuban. Fully published in the journal Aviation and Time, 2000, No. 1-2.
- ↑ Award sheet . Feat of the people . The date of appeal is May 19, 2014.
Literature
- Heroes of the Soviet Union: A Brief Biographical Dictionary / Prev. ed. College I. Shkadov . - Moscow : Military Publishing , 1987. - T. 1 / Abaev - Lyubichev /. - 911 s. - 100 000 copies - ISBN SEC., Reg. Number in the PSC 87-95382.
- The team of authors . Great Patriotic: Komkory. Military Biographical Dictionary / Under the general editorship of M. G. Vozhakina . - M. Zhukovsky: Kuchkovo Pole, 2006. - T. 2. - 464 p. - ISBN 5-901679-08-3 .
- The team of authors . Great Patriotic: Komdivy. Military Biographical Dictionary / V.P. Goremykin. - M .: Kuchkovo Pole, 2014. - T. 2. - p. 540-541. - 1000 copies - ISBN 978-5-9950-0341-0 .
- I. I. Kuznetsov, I. M. Dzhoga. The First Heroes of the Soviet Union (1936-1939). - Irkutsk: 1983.
- Okorokov A.V. “Russian Volunteers”. —M .: Yauza, Eksmo, 2007. - ISBN 978-5-699-23162-1 .
- Abrosov S.V. In the skies of Spain. 1936-1939 - 2003. - 432 p. - 2000 copies - ISBN 5-08-0040-89-0 .
- Gagin V.V. The air war in Spain (1936-1939). - 2nd ed. - Voronezh, 2001. - 88 p. - 2000 copies - ISBN 5-89981-222-2 .
Links
- Ivan Trofimovich Eremenko . The site " Heroes of the country ."
- I. T. Eremenko on the website "Soviet Aces" .
- I. T. Eremenko on the website "Planet Air Force"
- I. T. Eremenko on the site "Our Baku"
- Ivan Trofimovich Eremenko on the website " Sky Corner "