Shatskaya Valentina Nikolaevna ( May 26, 1882 - March 19, 1978 ) - Russian and Soviet teacher, academician of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR , founder of musical and aesthetic education in the USSR [2] .
Shatskaya Valentina Nikolaevna | |
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Date of Birth | May 26, 1882 |
Place of Birth | with. Hills of the Tver region |
Date of death | March 19, 1978 (95 years old) |
Place of death | Moscow , USSR |
A country | Russian Empire the USSR |
Scientific field | pedagogy |
Place of work | The first experimental station for public education of the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR, Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory , USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences |
Alma mater | Moscow State Conservatory named after P.I. Tchaikovsky |
Academic degree | candidate of pedagogical sciences |
Academic rank | Professor, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR |
Famous students | D. L. Lokshin, V. S. Loktev [1] |
Known as | founder of musical and aesthetic education in the USSR. |
Awards and prizes |
Content
Biography
V.N. Shatskaya was born May 26 (June 7 in a new style) in the village. Gorky, Tver Oblast, belongs to the Demyanov family. Her father N.Ya. Demyanov was a well-known chemical scientist, later an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences . The family was large, in total there were 9 children in the family. From childhood, they brought up a love of art. From the age of 5, Shatskaya began to learn to play the piano with her mother, later - with A. Menzel (sister of the famous German artist A. Menzel ). The first teacher V.N. Shatskaya - Professor A.F. Fortunatov - largely influenced the formation of her personality. In 1898 she graduated from the First Moscow Gymnasium and the music school of V.I. Wilberg. In the same year, she entered the historical department of teacher-teacher courses, where she studied until 1901. From 1902 she studied at the Moscow Conservatory (class of V. I. Safonov ) and graduated with honors in 1905. She successfully toured Russia and European countries. She studied with R. Punyo in Paris. The name of V.N. Shatskaya is on the marble plaque of prominent graduates of the Moscow Conservatory. Despite her passion for music, in 1905 she abandoned the career of a pianist and, in her own words, became involved in the “cycle of revolutionary unrest”. [2]
She began her teaching career with teaching at a music school. In the future, she was involved in organizing the upbringing and education of children together with her husband, an amateur educator and teacher S.T. Shatsky (later generally recognized in this field), the architect A.U. 3lenko and their associates. Together with Stanislav Teofilovich, she worked in a number of institutions for out-of-school education of children, which then only began to appear and the first of which were exactly the institutions of Shatsky and Zelenko. Among these institutions were: Clubs of the society " Setlement ", the colony "Child labor and rest." In 1911, the Shatskys organized a colony “Vigorous Life” , in which Valentina Nikolaevna supervised aesthetic education. After 1919, the colony joined the First Experimental Station for Public Education of the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR. V.N. Shatskaya also headed the music department of the station [3] .
In the thirties S.T. Shatsky was appointed head of the Moscow Conservatory , and V.N. Shatskaya from 1932 to 1943 was the head of the department of musical education of the conservatory, since 1935 - as a professor. From 1937 to 1939 V.N. Shatskaya was and. about. Director of the Moscow Conservatory.
Since 1944, almost immediately after the creation of the APN of the RSFSR , V.N. Shatskaya came to work in her staff. From 1944 to 1946, she headed the aesthetic education cabinet of the Research Institute of Theory and History of Pedagogy. In 1948, she was appointed director of the Institute of Art Education of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR and held this position until 1962. In 1949, V.N. Shatskaya became a candidate of pedagogical sciences. In 1947, she was elected a corresponding member of the APN of the RSFSR, and in 1950, a full member of the APN of the RSFSR [4] . She was in the Department of Pedagogy.
V.N. Shatskaya died on March 7, 1978 in Moscow. Buried with S.T. Shatsky at the New Don cemetery .
Contribution to the development of pedagogy
V.N. Shatskaya is one of the founders of musical and aesthetic education in the USSR. V.N. Shatskaya approached the issue of education systematically. She noted that education should take place with the involvement and interaction of different types of art. [5] In her works, it was shown that aesthetic education should be present in the entire educational system in all the variety of forms of training and education, both in the main and in additional education. V.N. Shatskaya did not separate musical education from moral education and believed that they directly interact.
According to V.N. Shatsky, the ability to listen and hear music lends itself to education and training during training, but only within the limits given by Nature. So, in the book “Vigorous Life”, recalling her activities with the children, she writes about the “completely hearing-impaired” children she met, “pulling up” them noticeably and in the foreseeable time which, even with all the talents and training of their leader, seemed possible:
They always started small: they sing the one-voice songs of Bekman, Rebikov , Chesnokov . Some middle ones sings right there. Then followed the Russian folk songs, in which all participated, except, perhaps, 3-4 children, completely devoid of hearing. [6]
Valentina Nikolaevna also repeatedly pointed out that in the classroom, first of all, it is desirable to awaken the passion and need for music, and only then pay attention to technical skills:
What a mass of people who are not gifted with special abilities spend time acquiring technical skills, study for many years, learn a few things that they can perform “decently”, but very little knows about music, about musical experiences, thoughts, interests! Isn't it better to start by waking up and reinforcing the need for art, to enable musical satisfaction, understanding and lively work in this art? [7]
Of great importance is the position of V.N. Shatsky that the full perception of music and the development of artistic taste are achieved subject to focused pedagogical guidance. The teacher should not only carry out musical work with students, but also be a central figure in the organization of the aesthetic life of the school. V.N. Shatskaya is the initiator of the creation of special musical and pedagogical faculties in conservatories. She first developed the main course for universities on musical education of children ("Methods of musical work at school"). In the 30s V.N. Shatskaya took an active part in the work of the People's Commissariat for the Development of Programs for Secondary Schools, for the creation of textbooks and methodological developments for teachers of kindergartens, schools, and teacher training schools. V.N. Shatskaya was one of the initiators of the creation of children's music radio broadcasting in the USSR.
Proceedings
- Shatskaya V.N., Shatsky S.T. Peppy life. From the experience of the children's labor colony. . M., "Literate", 1915 (pre-revolutionary spelling, photo) on the portal B-ki im. Ushinsky.
- Shatskaya V.N. Music in the kindergarten. - M., 1917, 1923.
- Shatskaya V.N. and other textbook on singing. - M., 1949.
- Shatskaya V.N. Music at school. - M., 1950.
- Shatskaya V.N. Aesthetic education of children in the family. - M., 1954.
- Shatskaya V.N., Lokshin D., Davydova G. Singing lessons in grades VII – VIII. Toolkit for singing teachers. - L., 1962.
Notes
- ↑ V.N. Shatskaya in the dictionary of music
- ↑ 1 2 V.N. Shatskaya on the website of the Moscow Conservatory
- ↑ V.N. Shatskaya - Pedagogical Encyclopedia
- ↑ V.N. Shatskaya (about her) on the site naukarao.narod.ru
- ↑ Pedagogical Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ed. By B.M. Bim-Bada.- M., 2003.- S. 423.
- ↑ Shatskaya V.N., Shatsky S.T. Peppy life // cit. by Shatsky S.T. PSS in 4 vols. M., 1962. Volume 1. P. 433
- ↑ Shatskaya V.N., Shatsky S.T. Peppy life // cit. by Shatsky S.T. PSS in 4 vols. M., 1962. Volume 1. P. 435.