Henri de Masso Marquis de Ruvigny ( French: Henri de Massue marquis de Ruvigny ), Viscount and Earl of Galway ( born Viscount Galway and Earl of Galway ; April 9, 1648 , Paris - September 3, 1720 ) - English commander of French descent, leader of the Huguenot diaspora. Member of the War of the Spanish Succession , governor of Ireland.
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Biography
Henri de Massot was born in Paris, he was the son of the 1st Marquise de Rouvigny, an outstanding French diplomat and a staunch Huguenot . In addition, he was related to the wife of Lord William Russell, Rachelle.
Henry served in the French army under the command of Marshal Turenne, who had a high opinion of him. In 1678, Louis XIV decided to take advantage of Masso's English kinship — and sent him with a responsible secret assignment to Charles II Stuart , which Masso performed brilliantly.
Henri de Massot was a deputy of the Huguenot nobility in France, and upon the death of his father, he inherited the post of General Huguenot (général des Huguenots). Soon after the abolition of the Nantes Edict in 1685, Louis XIV proposed Masso-Ruvigny the official rank of general in exchange for giving up Huguenot leadership. Masso did not accept such a "flattering" proposal - and in 1690 he fled [4] , with a handful of associates, to England. The Marquise's French estates were immediately confiscated.
William III of Orange made Masso Rouvigny a major general. In this rank, the exile took part in the battle on the Boyne River in Northern Ireland (1690). In July 1691, he participated in the Battle of Aughrim, in 1692 was for some time the commander-in-chief in Ireland. In November 1692, Masso received the titles of Viscount Galway and Baron Portarlington - as well as large land in Ireland.
In 1693, commanding a regiment, Galway repelled the attack of the French gendarmerie in the battle of Nervinden , seriously injured. In 1694 he was promoted to lieutenant general and appointed commander of the English auxiliary corps in the war of Piedmont with France, as well as the post of envoy to the Duke of Savoy . He was also instructed to provide all possible assistance to the persecuted Waldensians [5] . However, despite all his efforts, the Duke of Savoy made a separate peace in Turin with Louis XIV in 1696, after which the British were forced to withdraw their troops from the duchy to the Netherlands . The Apennine Peninsula was neutralized in favor of Louis.
In 1697, Masso received the title of Earl of Galway. In 1697 - 1701 years. he served as Lord Justice of Ireland.
With the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession , Galway was sent in 1704 to command the English Corps on the Iberian Peninsula for joint action with the Portuguese against the Philippine V of Bourbon, who became the Spanish King. His first action was the siege of Badajoz in 1705, which ended in failure. The count suffered heavy losses and lifted the siege, during which he lost his right hand from the cannonball during one of the assaults.
This failure caused the sending of reinforcements, and Galway himself, after recovery, was appointed commander of the allied Anglo-Portuguese army. He again moved to Spain, broke the reserve of Marshal Berwick , took possession of Alcantara , and proceeded to Madrid, where he joined forces of the enemy Philip V Archduke Carl and Lord Peterborough who came from Catalonia . Galway, encouraged by the successes, proposed to develop a campaign against the French and Spaniards, despite the protests of Lord Peterborough. Galway appointed Hector François Chataigner de Cramahé as the valiant lucky rascal of Hector.
On April 25, 1707, Galway contingents were utterly defeated during the Almans forces of the Duke of Berwick, and Galway received a double wound with a saber in the face. Gathering the remnants of the troops, he tried with all his might to smooth out the results of the defeat, but the capture of Lerida and other places was the result of his mistakes. The campaign was completely lost. Galway retreated to Portugal, where he was again defeated on May 17, 1709 on the Gudina Plain - this time by the Spanish general Marquis Bao, and Galway fled, barely escaping captivity.
As a result, he was recalled to England, where an investigation was instituted over him. The House of Lords led him with a special predilection, and condemned him before Queen Anne in 1711, but he escaped punishment. However, Galway was not appointed to any position until the accession to the throne of King George I Welfe in 1714, which made him governor of Ireland.
However, in this position, Galway did not stay long. Soon, the "brave but unfortunate general" resigned and settled on his estate in Hampshire , where he died in 1720.
Literature
- Hellovey, Count Henri de Mercay // Military honor - Military gymnastics. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1912. - P. 220. - ( Military Encyclopedia : [18 vol.] / edited by K. I. Velichko [and others ]; 1911-1915, v. 7).
- Encyclopedia of Military and Naval Sciences / Compiled under the general editorship of Lieutenant General G. A. Leer , Honored Professor of the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff . - SPb. : printing house V. Bezobrazova and Co. °. - T. 1.
- Military encyclopedic lexicon (in 14 volumes). The second revised edition under the general guidance of M. I. Bogdanovich. St. Petersburg, 1852-1858. Volume 4
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 1019738960 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ Louis XIV forbade the Huguenots-laity to leave France (Calvinist pastors, on the contrary, were expelled from the country forcibly).
- ↑ In 1685, French and Savoy troops killed about 3,000 Waldenses (Vaudois), captured about 10,000 and distributed about 3,000 Waldensian children to Catholic families.