Lotos-S ( GUKOS index - 14F138 , Lotos-C1 14F145 ) is a series of Russian radio-technical intelligence satellites that are one of the components of the new generation Liana radio-technical intelligence (RTR) system .
The satellites of this series, along with the second component of the Liana RTR system - the 14F139 Pion-NKS satellites, should replace the Soviet-designed satellites of the similar designation Tselina-2 ( Yuzhmash , Ukraine ) and US-PU included in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation the RTR GRU system and the Maritime space reconnaissance and target designation system Legend , respectively [1] .
The satellite was created by the cooperation of TsNIRTI (Moscow), the Arsenal Engineering Plant (St. Petersburg) and TsSKB-Progress (Samara). Gyroscopic instruments for satellites were created at the Research Institute of Command Instruments (St. Petersburg) [2] .
History
The design of the new RTR system was started in 1993, the system’s availability was postponed many times, both for financial reasons and due to changes made by the customer to the project. So, in 1996, the developers were asked to adapt the satellites to the Soyuz launch vehicle, instead of the originally planned Zenit launch vehicle (created in the 1970s and 1980s in the USSR primarily under the Tselina RTR satellites) production which remains in Ukraine. And in 2002, it was required to unify the designed spacecraft over the satellite platform with the Cobalt-Resource detailed photo-exploration satellites . [3]
As of the beginning of 2009 , the state defense order provided for the completion of the ground-based information and control complex of the marine space reconnaissance and target designation system (Moscow Region) to ensure the reception of information from product 14F138 [4] .
The first Lotus-S satellite was launched on November 20, 2009 , the satellite had a simplified configuration of target systems and was designated as 14F138 in accordance with the GUKOS index . After the satellite’s withdrawal, it turned out that about half of the on-board systems did not function, which required a delay in launching new satellites to a later date to finalize the equipment. According to September 2012, the problems with the first satellite, consisting in the incompleteness of the spacecraft software, were resolved, and Lotos-S functioned normally [5] .
December 25, 2014 from the Plesetsk cosmodrome, the second spacecraft Lotos-S No. 2 was successfully launched. [6]
On December 2, 2017, the third Lotos-C1 spacecraft No. 3 was successfully launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome [7] .
| Launches of the spacecraft "Lotus-S" / "Lotus-C1" | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date ( Moscow maternity time ) | Type of | Name | NSSDC ID / SCN | Cosmodrome | PH | Notes |
| 11/20 . 2009 13:44 [8] | 14F138 "Lotus-S" | Cosmos-2455 | 2009-063A / 36095 | Plesetsk SK 16/2 | Soyuz-U | |
| 12/25 . 2014 6:01 [6] | 14F145 "Lotus-C1" | Cosmos-2502 | 2014-086A | Plesetsk Square 43 | Soyuz-2.1b | |
| 12/02 . 2017 13:43 | 14F145 "Lotus-C1" | Cosmos-2524 | 2017-076A [9] | Plesetsk Square 43 | Soyuz-2.1b | |
| 10/25 . 2018 3:15 | 14F145 "Lotus-C1" | Cosmos-2528 | 2018-082A [10] [11] [12] | Plesetsk Square 43 | Soyuz-2.1b | |
Modifications
- 14F138 (Cosmos-2455) - the first of the launched satellites of the passive RTR "Lotus-S", with incomplete equipment for the target equipment;
- 14F145 - satellites of the improved Lotus-C1 series having a full standard set of target equipment. In combination with the launch vehicle 14A14, Soyuz-2 forms the space complex 14K159 [13] .
Notes
- ↑ Izvekov I. In orbit "Cosmos-2455" // Cosmonautics news. - 2011. - Issue. 324 . - No. 01 . - S. 33 .
- ↑ FSUE "Research Institute of Command Devices" . International Association of Space Participants. Date of treatment October 10, 2012. Archived October 27, 2012.
- ↑ Savvin, Vladimir Launched the latest space reconnaissance . Kommersant (November 21, 2009). Date of treatment November 7, 2011. Archived on September 2, 2012.
- ↑ Tender documentation. Finalization of the ground information and control complex of the marine space reconnaissance and target designation system (object 224Ш) in 2009 . GOSTORGI.RU (March 4, 2009). Date of treatment November 7, 2011. Archived on September 2, 2012.
- ↑ Ivanov Sergey. Satellite intelligence "Liana" will work in 2013 . Izvestia (September 27, 2012). Date of treatment October 10, 2012. Archived October 27, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 History of the Liana project . Russian Space Web. Date of treatment December 25, 2014.
- ↑ Launched from Plesetsk, the military satellite of the Russian Federation entered operational orbit
- ↑ The Russian space forces took control of the military satellite Cosmos-2455 . ARMS-TASS (November 20, 2009). Date of treatment November 7, 2011. Archived on September 2, 2012.
- ↑ LAUNCHLOG unspecified . Jonathan's Space Report .
- ↑ COSMOS 2528 Satellite details 2018-082A NORAD 43657
- ↑ LAUNCHLOG unspecified . Gunter's Space Page .
- ↑ Soyuz rocket family to resume flights after accident
- ↑ Public hearings "Environmental Impact Assessment of the military space complex 14K159 planned for operation at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome (English) . Portal" Production Ecology "(November 21, 2005). Publication date November 7, 2011. Archived 2 September 2012
Links
- Izvekov I. In orbit "Cosmos-2455" // Cosmonautics news . - 2011 .-- T. 20 , no. 324 , No. 01 . - S. 33 . - ISSN 1561-1078 .
- Gunter Dirk Krebs. Lotos-S (14F138) Gunter's Space Page. Date of treatment November 7, 2011. Archived on May 17, 2012.
- Anatoly Zak. History of the Liana project . RussianSpaceWeb.com (December 2009). Date of treatment November 7, 2011. Archived on May 17, 2012.