Kokle ( Latvian kokle ( 'kʊ͡ɔk.le ); Lat . Kūkle , Liv. Kāndla ), the historical name kokles ( kokles , kūkles ) [1] is a traditional Latvian folk stringed musical instrument included in the Cultural Canon of Latvia [2] . It resembles the Lithuanian Kankles , the Estonian cannon , the Karelian-Finnish kantele and the Russian pterygoid harp . [3]
| Cocle | |
|---|---|
| kokles | |
 | |
| Classification | string musical instrument , chordophone |
| Related tools | kankles , kantele , cannel , pterygoid harp |
Content
Design
Coclet has a hollow trapezoidal body with a thin wooden deck . Wooden pegs are mounted on a narrow metal rod to which strings are attached. The strings of this instrument can be made from the small intestines of animals, plant fibers, as well as metal ones from steel or brass . Traditionally, the instrument had 6-9 strings , later their number became more than ten. The bottom string usually has the role of a bourdon - it sounds all the time. In modern kokle, the number of strings reaches twenty. [four]
The sound of a cocktail depends on the type of wood the instrument is made of: linden or birch is used for non-professional instruments, only maple for an academic concert. [five]
History
The first written information about this musical instrument dates back to the 15th century , when the Baltic tribes played it.
As a sign of the importance of this national instrument of Latvia, which is a national musical symbol, in 1991 the USSR postage stamp was issued. In 2014, the Latvian postage stamp [6] was issued, and in 2013 - a commemorative coin of 1 lat with the image of a cocktail. [7]
Game Technique
The musician usually plays the instrument while sitting, fingering the necessary strings with his right hand, muffling unnecessary with his left. When playing a cockle, they put it on a table, less often - on their knees, while hanging it they hang it on their necks. [3]
Options
There are several options for this musical instrument:
- Latgale kokle ( Latgales kokle ) - has a wing that enhances the sound of the instrument and serves as a stand for the hand; it is less decorated and heavier;
- Kurzeme kokle ( Kurzemes kokle ) - without a wing, usually decorated with ornaments and carvings;
- Citrovokle kokle ( cītarkokle ) - a later instrument that arose under the influence of Western European zithers - with a large body, metal pegs and a large number of strings;
- concert cockle (koncertkokle) - with a wider range of notes, some have a device for changing the pitch of the string.
Notes
- ↑ Muktupavels V. Systematics of Latvian musical instruments = Latviešu mūzikas instrumentu sistemātika. - Riga: Latvian Association of Higher Schools, 1999. - S. 96. - 188 p. (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Kokles un koklēšana (Latvian)
- ↑ 1 2 Yu. V. Keldysh. (ed.). Musical Encyclopedia . - Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia / Soviet Composer , 1976 .-- T. 3.
- ↑ Kokle - the Latvian stringed plucked folk musical instrument . Riga Portal (02.17.2014). Date of treatment March 28, 2016.
- ↑ Kokle - Latvian folk instrument . Pribalt.info (02/01/2014). Date of treatment March 28, 2016.
- ↑ Latvia. National Musical Instruments . Peterstamps (04/09/2014). Date of treatment March 28, 2016.
- ↑ The Bank of Latvia will release a one-latovik with a kokle . Baltic News Network (06/07/2013). Date of treatment March 28, 2016.