I go (이두; in the North : 리두 I read ) is an archaic system for writing Korean with hieroglyphs ( hanchu ). The word "I go" is used in two meanings. The first is “any Korean khanchi recording system” (including the early systems of the Joseon dynasty ); in this sense, the concept includes hanyachkhal and kugёl , as well as "I go in the narrow sense." The second meaning is the recording system invented during the Koryo period (918–1392), for the first time it is called so in Chevan uni (제왕운기).
I am going
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| Korea | |||||||||
| Hangul : | 이두 | ||||||||
| Hancha : | 吏 讀 | ||||||||
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Coming in the narrow sense
Id was recorded as Hancha , adapted Chinese characters, and for Korean endings and other grammatical markers, special characters were used. I was walking hard to read both about myself and aloud, so I didn’t receive widespread use.
For I go about one and a half hundred hieroglyphs were invented, and already existing ones could receive additional meaning. Walking was used by members of the Chongying class (중인).
Hyanchhal
I am going | |||||||||
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| Korea | |||||||||
| Hangul : | 향찰 | ||||||||
| Hancha : | 鄕 札 | ||||||||
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Hyanchal (lit. “local characters”) is another system of writing Korean with Chinese characters. When writing, Chinese reading was given to hieroglyphs, based on what Chinese syllable was associated with this hieroglyph [1] . Hyanchal is often considered one of the go species [2] .
The first mention of a hyanchkhal is found in the biography of a Koryo monk named Kyunyo . The main body of texts on a hyanchale consists of Korean-language poetry. Twenty-five such poems reached the XXI century, there are Korean poems in them, which use native Korean words written in hieroglyphs, one by one syllable. This script recorded nouns , verbs , adjectives , adverbs , particles , suffixes and auxiliary verbs . Hyanchalem was used by the entire Koryo period [3] .
Kugyol
I am going | |||||||||
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| Korea | |||||||||
| Hangul : | 구결 / 입겿 | ||||||||
| Hancha : | 口訣 / - | ||||||||
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Kugyol is a mixed-letter system in Korean using Chinese characters and special characters to indicate Korean morphology. Kugel was written mainly in the Chosun dynasty , when the ability to read Chinese was very important for an educated person. Unlike I go and henchkhalya, which was primarily used to write Korean, I also wrote Chinese in the main, so I could write Chinese texts so that I could read them in Korean. When writing with a kuglem, the source text remained the same, between the hieroglyphs they only inserted Korean endings and the like.
The name “Kugel” can be translated as “phrase separation”. This name comes from another word meaning the use of hanchi to convey medieval Korean : ipköt (입겿). Kugyol is also called that (토, 吐) and hyёнto (현토, 懸 吐), “that” means “ affix ”. Another name for Kugel is juicy (석의, 釋義) “interpretation of the classics”.
Kugyol appeared in the early Joseon dynasty. Then some hieroglyphs and symbols began to be used to refer to purely Korean words. For example, the syllable “is”, 잇, was depicted as hanchcha 有 , since it had the meaning of “itta”, 있다: to be, to exist. This practice in late Joseon was supplanted by another, in which the hieroglyphs were chosen by reading. The late Kugel was formalized by Jong Mondju and Kwon Gün around 1400 on the orders of King Tejon . Several Confucian treatises, including Shi Jing , were translated into Kugel.
Literature
- Nam Phungyong (남풍현) (2000): Idu Study (吏 讀 研究), Taehak Publishing (學 社), Seoul, Korea.
- Kim Murim (김무림). 국어 의 역사 (Kugo-ui yoksa, History of the Korean language). - Seoul: Hankook Munhwasa, 2004. - ISBN 89-5726-185-0 .
- Kwon, Jae-seon (권재선). 발전사 국어학 발전사 (Kan Churin kugo-hak paljonsa, Analogues of Korean language studies). - Seoul: Ugoltap, 1989.
Notes
- ↑ Coulmas, Florian. Writing Systems: An Introduction to Their Linguistic Analysis . - Cambridge University Press, 2003. - p. 67.
- ↑ Sohn, Ho-Min. The Korean Language . - Cambridge University Press, 2001. - p. 125, 128.
- ↑ Sohn (2001) p. 125
See also
- Kambun is a similar Japanese system
- Manjogana is another system of writing Japanese with hieroglyphs.