Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5 [1] [2] . Pantothenic acid by chemical nature is an amide of the amino acid β- alanine and pantoic acid .
| Pantothenic acid | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Are common | |
| Chem. formula | C₉H₁₇NO₅ |
| Rat formula | C 9 H 17 NO 5 |
| Physical properties | |
| Molar mass | 219.23 g / mol |
| Thermal properties | |
| T. melt. | 183.83 ° C |
| T. bale. | 551.5 ° C |
| Classification | |
| Reg. CAS number | 599-54-2 |
| PubChem | |
| Reg. EINECS number | |
| Smiles | |
| Inchi | |
| Chebi | |
| ChemSpider | |
Pantothenic acid got its name from the Greek “pantothen”, which means “everywhere”, due to its extremely wide distribution. Pantothenic acid, entering the body, turns into pantetin, which is part of the coenzyme - KoA, which plays an important role in the processes of oxidation and acetylation. Coenzyme A (KoA) is one of the few substances in the body that is involved in the metabolism of proteins , and fats , and carbohydrates.
Pantothenic acid is required for the exchange of fats, carbohydrates, amino acids, the synthesis of vital fatty acids, cholesterol , histamine , acetylcholine , hemoglobin .
Participation in biochemical processes
In animal and plant cells, pantothenic acid is part of coenzyme A (KoA), which takes part in the most important metabolic reactions ; the main function is the transfer of carboxylic acid residues in biochemical processes.
The most important property of pantothenic acid is its ability to stimulate the production of adrenal hormones - glucocorticoids , which makes it a powerful tool for the treatment of diseases such as arthritis , colitis , allergies and heart disease . Vitamin plays an important role in the formation of antibodies , promotes the absorption of other vitamins, and also takes part in the synthesis of neurotransmitters .
Pantothenic acid is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids . It normalizes lipid metabolism and activates redox processes in the body.
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5 ) has a powerful reparative effect on the mucous membranes. An increase in the dose of pantothenic acid, on the contrary, inhibits the secretory function of the stomach . Pantothenic acid also stimulates intestinal motility . [3]
Pantothenic acid has a significant lipid-lowering effect, apparently due to inhibition of the biosynthesis of the main classes of lipids that form low and very low density lipoproteins in the liver.
Sources
Pantothenic acid [D (+) a, g-dioxi-b, b-dimethylbutyryl-b-alanine] is widespread in nature. The daily human need for pantothenic acid is satisfied with normal mixed nutrition, as it is found in so many products of animal and vegetable origin ( yeast , fish roe, egg yolk , green parts of plants, milk , carrots , cabbage , etc.). Pantothenic acid is also synthesized by the intestinal flora.
The average consumption of pantothenic acid in different countries is 4.3-6.3 mg / day , and the established level of demand is 4-12 mg / day. There is no upper allowable consumption level. The physiological requirement recommended for the population of the Russian Federation is 5 mg / day. Recommended physiological requirements for children are between 1.0 and 5.0 mg / day. [four]
| Vegetable | Animals | Body synthesis |
|---|---|---|
| Peas, yeast, hazelnuts, green leafy vegetables, buckwheat and oatmeal, carrots, cauliflower, garlic. | Kidneys, heart, chickens, egg yolk, milk, fish roe. | It is produced in significant quantities by E. coli. |
Pantothenic acid deficiency
The lack of pantothenic acid in the body leads to metabolic disorders, on the basis of which dermatitis , depigmentation and loss of hair, hair or feathers develop, cessation of growth, exhaustion , changes in the adrenal glands and nervous system , as well as disorders of coordination of movements , heart and kidney , stomach functions intestines .
With a lack of pantothenic acid in the body, an excess of hydrochloric acid is formed in the stomach , which can cause the development of ulcerative and erosive diseases of the gastrointestinal tract . [3]
The cause of vitamin deficiency can be a low content of protein, fat, vitamin C , B vitamins, diseases of the small intestine with malabsorption syndrome , as well as the long-term use of many antibiotics and sulfonamides .
Symptoms of hypovitaminosis:
- fatigue
- depression
- sleep disorder
- fatigue
- headaches
- nausea
- muscle pain
- burning, tingling, numbness of the toes
- burning, painful pain in the lower extremities, mainly at night
- foot redness
- dyspeptic disorders
- duodenal ulcers
With pantothenic insufficiency, the body's resistance to infection decreases, acute respiratory diseases often occur.
Application
Pantothenic acid is used in medicine to eliminate intestinal atony after operations on the gastrointestinal tract , its calcium salt is used for medicinal purposes.
Indications
As a medicine, calcium pantothenate is used.
Indications for admission are:
- various pathological conditions associated with metabolic disorders
- polyneuritis , neuralgia , paresthesia
- eczema
- bronchitis (acute and chronic), bronchial asthma
- allergic reactions ( dermatitis , hay fever , etc.)
- trophic ulcers, burns
- toxicosis of pregnant
- hyperthyroidism
- tuberculosis
- circulatory failure
- chronic liver disease
- chronic pancreatitis
- gastrointestinal diseases of non-infectious nature ( gastroduodenitis , etc.)
- intestinal hypomotor dyskinesia
In surgery, calcium pantothenate is used to eliminate intestinal atony after gastrointestinal surgery. Calcium pantothenate is used in the treatment of withdrawal symptoms in patients with alcoholism. Vitamin B5 has been shown to be effective. in large doses (up to 10 g per day) in the treatment of acne (acne).
Security
Calcium pantothenate is well tolerated. When administered, dyspeptic symptoms are possible; with intramuscular injections - pain.
Interaction
Calcium pantothenate increases the effectiveness of cardiac glycosides . Reduces the toxic effects of streptomycin and other anti-TB drugs. Vitamin B 5 is necessary for the normal absorption and metabolism of folic acid . Vitamin B 1 (thiamine) increases the efficiency of the use of vitamin B 5 in metabolism [5] .
Notes
- ↑ http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsweek/Listing_of_vitamins.htm "PANTOTHENIC ACID (Vitamin B5)"
- ↑ Small medical encyclopedia. Volume 1. 1991. S. 330—337
- ↑ 1 2 And again the reparants ... - N.B. Gubergrits, S.V. Raids, P.G. Fomenko. Modern gastroenterology No. 1 (69), 2013.P. 157-165.
- ↑ 4.2.2.1.1.8. Pantothenic Acid | Norms of physiological requirements for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation | Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Kaliningrad region . 39.rospotrebnadzor.ru (December 18, 2008). Date of appeal September 20, 2017.
- ↑ Shrimton DH (2008) Micronutrients and their interactions . Russian medical journal. T. 16., No. 7.
Literature
- PANTOTHENIC ACID (VITAMIN B5) / WebMD
- 9.6 Pantothenate page 200-202 / Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition Second edition // WHO, FAO. 1998. ISBN 92 4 154612 3