Ira [2] ( 姶 良 カ ル デ ラ ) is a giant volcanic caldera measuring 17 × 23 km located in the southern part of the island of Kyushu Island , Japan . Caldera was formed as a result of a major eruption , which occurred approximately 22,000-27,000 years ago. This eruption was accompanied by powerful pyroclastic flows and was characterized by a huge volume of erupted tephra - about 400 km³, which corresponds to 7 points on the scale of volcanic eruptions .
| Ira | |
|---|---|
| jap. 姶 良 カ ル デ ラ | |
 A satellite image of the Kagoshima Gulf . In the center is the Sakurajima Volcano. ( NASA image). | |
| Characteristics | |
| Volcano shape | Caldera Somma |
| Crater Diameter | 20 000 m |
| Education period | Pleistocene |
| Last eruption | 2017 year |
| Structure | andesites , dacites , rhyolites , etc. |
| Highest point | |
| Absolute height | 1117 [1] m |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| Region | Kyushu |
| Area | Kagoshima |
| Isle | Kyushu |
| |
Inside the caldera are the large Japanese city of Kagoshima and the young Sakurajima volcano. Sakurajima arose after the formation of the caldera, about 13,000 years ago. Now this volcano, located in the northern part of Kagoshima Bay, is one of the most active volcanoes in Japan.
List of volcanic objects alphabetically included in the Ira complex
| Title | English name | Type of | Height (m.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wakamiko | Wakamiko | Caldera | |
| Gongen-yama | Gongen-yama | Volcanic dome | |
| Yunohira | Yunohira | Volcanic dome | 376 |
| Kita Dake | Kita-dake | Crater | 1050 |
| Minami duck | Minami-dake | Crater | 850 |
| Nabe yama | Nabe-yama | Volcanic cone | |
| Naka-dake | Naka-dake | Stratovolcano | 1110 |
| Oxide | Okise | Volcanic cone | |
| Sakurajima | Sakura-jima | Stratovolcano | 1117 |
| Tagiri | Tagiri | Volcanic cone | |
| Furihata pit | Furihata-yama | Volcanic dome | is unknown |
| Haruta Yama | Haruta-yama | Volcanic dome | |
| Hikinohira | Hikinohira | Volcanic dome | 565 |
| Hirase | Hirase | Cone | 68 |
| Shova | Showa | crater | 800 |
Notes
- ↑ GVP
- ↑ Aprodov V.A. Volcanoes. - M .: Thought , 1982. - S. 87 .-- 368 p. - ( Nature of the world ). - 100,000 copies.
- Aramaki, Shigeo. Formation of the Aira Caldera, Southern Kyushu, ∼22,000 Years Ago (Eng.) // Journal of Geophysical Research: journal. - 1984. - Vol. 89 , no. B10 - P. 8485-8501 . - DOI : 10.1029 / JB089iB10p08485 . - .
Links
- Caldera Ira : [ eng. ] // Global Volcanism Program . - Smithsonian Institution . - Date of appeal: 10.27.2016.