Uninsky district

Area 2137.78 km². The main rivers are Lumpun, Lema, Irzek, Priest.

Uninsky district is located in the south-eastern part of the Kirov region, a natural subzone of the southern taiga. From the east and south it borders with the Udmurt Republic , in the north - with Falensky, in the west - with Bogorodsky, in the south-west - with Nemsky districts of the Kirov region.

Uninsky district is located 189 kilometers from Kirov and 75 kilometers from the nearest railway station Falenki.

The climate is temperate continental. The average monthly temperature of the coldest month - January, reaches −14.7 ° С, and the warmest - July, + 18.1 ° С. The average annual temperature according to long-term observations is + 1.2 ° C. The area belongs to the zone of sufficient moisture. The average annual rainfall is 533 mm.

The region has 14 small rivers with a total length of 2.1 thousand km, non-navigable, more than a hundred ponds with a total area of ​​860 hectares, rich in fish. Of the non-metallic resources of the region, it is worth mentioning clays suitable for the production of building materials, limestones, sandstones and gravel that satisfy the district's needs for on-farm road construction, peat deposits.

The area is rich in forest, mushrooms, has hunting grounds. Coniferous and mixed forests are located on the territory of 97 thousand hectares. This is a potential for the development of timber enterprises of the region, excellent hunting grounds for hunters and traders and for the development of the tourism business.

The village of Uni has been known since the 17th century . In 1762, the Udmurt village was transformed into the village of the Epiphany. In the XIX century , the name Epiphany-Uninsky was fixed, and from the end of the XIX century the village exists under the current name.

Udmurts, who settled the best lands in the second half of the 17th century , were the native inhabitants on the Unin lands.

Historians who have studied the Vyatka Territory note the late appearance of villages in its eastern part, to which the Uninsky district belonged. This is due to two circumstances. The Udmurts, who settled mainly in the northern part of the region, were pagans, the Christian religion was alien to them. Mostly Old Believers who fled from Moscow, Vladimir and other provinces settled in the south.

XVIII century

The formation of parishes and the appearance of villages in the middle of the XVIII century . The village of Sosnovka can be considered the oldest. A certificate for the construction of a church in this settlement was issued in June 1760 . The village was originally called Arkhangelsk, according to the name of the church, later it had another name - Obroshna. 1766 is considered the year of foundation of the village of Yelgan . In 1770 the village of Ut was born, then called the Trinity. The birth of Porez is considered to be 1845 . In 1861, the village of Sardyk was founded. The youngest village in the region is Verkolemye . It was founded in 1892 .

Uni, as a settlement, is considered founded in the XVII century. In the geographical description “Russia” it is said: “In the versts 90 from Glazov lies the ancient trading village of Uni. This village existed in the XVII century. At the beginning of the 18th century it was a colonization center for Sarapul County. ”

Uni received the status of the village in 1762 . “ On March 14, 1762, service books were issued for the church from the Kazan office of newly baptized affairs. The village was called the newly baptized village of Gozhni Uni, and belonged to the Malmyzh order, ”is the birth of the village of Uney in the Handbook on Churches and Clergy of the Vyatka Province.

Pre-revolutionary Uni is the largest, busiest village in the entire Glazovsky district. At the same time, Uni was the center of the spiritual life of the entire southeastern part of the county.

The territory of the Uninsky Krai before the formation of the Uninsky district consisted of volosts and was part of the Glazovsky district of the Vyatka province. The county included 40 volosts, 2757 villages, 38536 households. The population of the county exceeded 290 thousand people.

XIX century

According to the “Materials on statistics of the Vyatka province” (Vyatka, 1892 ) there were 321 settlements in the volosts of the Uninsky Territory, the population was 54,248 people. The largest was Bykovskaya volost. It had 65 villages with a population of 10584. Uninsky volost - 53 villages, 9523 people; Yelgan volost - 47 villages, 9288 people; Porez volost - 47 villages, 8634 people; Sardyk volost - 44 villages, 6653 people; Ledetsovskaya volost - 65 villages, 9,566 people.

The basis of the economy of the Uninsky Krai was agriculture. Peasant farms had land allotments, the size of which depended on the number of people in the family and, on average, in the province was 16.8 tithes (tithes = 1.09 ha).

To provide themselves with food, the peasants kept a lot of livestock on their yards. In volosts at the end of the 19th century, there were 91,315 units of domestic animals.

Almost every year in Uny exhibitions of horses, cattle, as well as agricultural exhibitions were held. As a rule, they aroused great interest and were marked by crowded and lively.

Handicrafts served as an aid to the budget of peasants, surpluses were sold at bazaars and fairs, which attracted buyers not only from the Uninsky Territory, but also from the neighboring ones - Nemsky, Kilmezsky, Seltinsky, Bogorodsky and others. One could meet here merchants from Glazov, Slobodsky, Elabuga, Okhansk, Nolinsk, Vyatka, from the Ufa, Perm, Kazan provinces.

The Uninsky market attracted merchants and merchants with low prices and a wide variety of goods. And there was something to buy! Peasants brought grain, flaxseed, wool, oil, canvas, leather, handicrafts, meat, fish, berries, etc. for sale.

Trade turnover at Uninsky bazaars and fairs was very large - more than 1 million rubles. At the beginning of the 20th century, the scope of trade increased even more. Fairs and bazaars were an integral part of the life of our region.

Developed in the Uninsky Territory and industry. Everywhere there were small factories producing the most diverse products. Timber merchants were engaged in harvesting and rafting of wood, distillation of tar and tar. Iron foundry was represented by two plants: in Timshi and Nikulyaty. Leather and dyeing factories worked in many localities. Porez had its own match workshop, producing up to 1000 boxes of matches per year. Another match factory was located near Uney. There were their own sewing establishments, which were then called stray.

Unfortunately, over time, all plants ceased to exist for various reasons. Today they can be found out only from documentary sources.

The formation of public education originates from the creation of small private schools, the classes in which were conducted mainly by clergymen. Later, around the middle of the 19th century, public schools began to open.

In addition to state schools, parochial literacy schools worked, giving a minimum of necessary knowledge to peasant children. In 1898, free hot lunches were organized at the Uninsky Parish School for girls studying in it. Information about this was published in the Vyatka Gazeta for 1898, where, in particular, it was noted that "... until recently, hot students had thought of arranging hot dinners in Russia and only in some places in big cities."

Of the 54 thousand people, only a little more than 3 thousand, that is, 5%, owned the diploma. In 34 schools, 1274 students from 8 to 11 years old studied, and 5104 were subject to training.

The history of health care in the area can be counted from December 15, 1869 . It was then that the opening of the Porez hospital, the first in the Uninsky Territory, took place. In 1870, at a meeting of the Glazov district assembly, the question was raised about the transfer of the hospital from Porez to Uni. It was decided for the Uninsky hospital to build a special building. Which was done. On September 19, 1874, the Uninsky Hospital was opened. Her first doctor was Vasily Petrovich Petrov. Uninsky hospital served a site with a population of more than 100 thousand people. In 1875, a branch of the Glazovskaya pharmacy was opened at the Uninsky hospital.

The first cultural and educational institutions in our region were libraries. At the suggestion of a progressive Vyatka leader A. I. Batuev, it was decided in the province to open 3 thousand public folk libraries, dubbed the “five-ruble” libraries, as they were completed in the amount of five rubles.

Five-ruble libraries began to open in the Uninsky Krai since 1895 . By 1904 there were already 35 of them. But they did not last long. In 1908, it was decided to cease their financing, in connection with which, part of the libraries merged, part ceased to exist.

In addition to five-ruble libraries, zemstvo folk libraries were created. Among the first in the Glazovsky district, the Uninsky library was opened on February 9, 1897 . In the same year, the Yelgan public volost library and the Porez folk library were opened. In 1905, the Sardyk Pavlenkovsky library opened, in 1907 - the Sosnovskaya library.

XX century

In 1905, a sobriety society was opened in Uni, the purpose of which is the organization of cultural leisure in the countryside. Before the revolution, a people’s house was organized in Uni, combining sobriety and theater.

The October Socialist Revolution abruptly changed the way of life and in the Unin outback. In January-February 1918, meetings were held everywhere for elections to volost councils, and Soviet power was proclaimed.

The civil war caused a great split among the population. Many of the Unins served who voluntarily and who were involuntarily, both among the Reds and the Whites. Many laid their heads in the battles of the Civil War.

Peaceful life began with administrative reform in a country that directly affected the region. By a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of November 4, 1920, the Votsk Region was formed, which included part of the territories of four counties, including Glazovsky. Volosts of the Uninsky Territory moved to the Nolinsky district.

The decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of May 19, 1924 “to strengthen the party-Soviet apparatus” introduced a new administrative division. Of the 239 volosts in the Vyatka province, 84 were created, and six volosts of the Uninsky Territory merged into two.

Village councils are being created. As early as 1918, the Porez village council arose. Uninsky and Sosnovsky were formed in 1923, Survaysky in 1924, Barashkovsky in 1925, Knyazevsky in 1926, Komarovsky, Utinsky, Sardyksky in 1927 , and Bulatovsky village councils in 1929 .

In the early years of Soviet power, much attention was paid to new forms of management. Various artels, cooperative organizations, communes and TOZs were created. Among the advanced ones, one can name the agricultural plow "Plowman", organized in 1919 in the village of Yarani. For many years Ivan Petrovich Vorozhtsov worked as the chairman of the artel. The artel had a plot of 64 hectares. All the novelties of agricultural production were introduced here. Only varietal seeds were sown, a nine-field crop rotation was developed. In livestock breeding acquired cattle. Since 1926, the agricultural cartel has become the basis of excellence.

In mid- 1929, an administrative-territorial reform was carried out in the RSFSR. Instead of provinces, counties and volosts, regions (territories), districts and districts were created. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee, by its decree of June 10, 1929, approved the division of the Nizhny Novgorod Territory , which included the Vyatka Province , into districts and regions. Among others, the Uninsky district was formed as part of the Nolinsky district . In 1930, the okrugs were liquidated and the districts were directly subordinate to Nizhny Novgorod , and since 1932 - to the Gorky Territory .

By a decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of December 7, 1934, it was isolated from the Gorky Territory as an independent Kirov Territory . And on December 5, 1936, in connection with the adoption of the Constitution of the USSR and the separation of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Kirov Territory was transformed into a region .

In those years, the territory of the Uninsky district was much larger. The population was 75,934 thousand people. Within the current borders, the area was established in the late 1930s.

Since 1945 , as an independent administrative-territorial unit, there was Porez district , isolated from Uninsky. In 1955, he again entered the Uninsky district.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of November 14, 1959, the Uninsky district was abolished, and its territory was transferred to the Falensky . The district was again restored in accordance with the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of January 12, 1965 , since then its borders have not changed.

Since January 1, 2006, according to the Law of the Kirov Region dated December 7, 2004 No. 284-ЗО ^[4] , 14 municipalities were formed in the district: 1 urban and 13 rural settlements.

The Law of the Kirov Region dated July 27, 2007 No. 151-ЗО ^[5] :

• Barashkovskoye , Knyazevskoye and Porezskoe rural settlements are united in the Porezskoye rural settlement with an administrative center in the village of Porez ;
• Bulatov , Kanakhinsky and Utinsky rural settlements are united in the Kanakhinsky rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Kanakhintsi ;
• Survaysky rural settlement and Uninsky urban settlement are combined into the Uninsky urban settlement with the administrative center in the urban-type village of Uni, while maintaining the status of settlements.

Urbanization

As of January 1, 2006, the urban population was 4,990 people, the rural population - 5,930 people out of 10,920 people.

Demography

The share of women prevails in the structure of the population - 53.3%, men - 46.7%. According to the age structure, the indicators are as follows:

• population younger than working age - 18.3%,
• working age - 60.6%,
• older than able-bodied - 21.1%.

In the Uninsky district of 58 settlements as part of 1 urban and 8 rural settlements:

Settlements

Footnotes to the name of the settlement indicate the administrative-territorial affiliation

List of existing and disappeared settlements of the Uninsky district.

In the district in its modern borders, before the start of the policy of resettlement of the so-called “unpromising” villages , enlargement of farms and districts, there were 275 settlements, except for the district center. According to the documents of the Uninsky district archive, old maps, surveys of old-timers and materials from local historians, the names of the disappeared villages are established. Settlements to avoid confusion are listed within the boundaries of rural districts. Existing locations are shown in bold. In the first place in the list of settlements, the centers of rural districts are named.

Astrakhan rural district : Astrakhan villages (First Astrakhan, Second Astrakhan), Leninists, Petrovka, Pashki, Siberia (Upper Siberia, Lower Siberia), Sludka, Chugai, Shishkintsy, Shulepy.

Barashkovsky rural district (the lands became part of the Cutting rural district): The villages of Barashki, Antipintsy, Bormot, Maloy Borovlino, Bolshoy Borovlino, Bukhartsy, Vyselok Andreevsky, Kabanovo, Kamennoye, Kuleba, Kuprino, Kuteli, Lobachi, Bolshiye Lukintsy, Malye Lukiny, , Nicosia, Aspen, Big Sex, Prigari, Samara, Saratovo, Big Segai, Small Segai, Sidoryata, Toskuy.

Bulatovsky rural district (the lands became part of the Kanakhinsky rural district): Bulatovtsy villages (Bolshoi Bulatovtsy), Abakshin Pochinok, Agapovtsy, Beltyugi, Beltyugi forest plot, Bulls, Yermaki, Zakharovtsy, Ignatievtsy, Bolshaya Korcha, Malaya Korcha, Nesteryatsy (Small Bululov) Polyants, Khudyshintsy, Chechers.

Yelgan rural district : Yelgan village . The villages of Balobantsy, Madnesses, Beloglintsy, Brodniki, Buty, Demintsy, Race, Males, Cows, Koroba, Kuzintsy, Lipintsy, Mitenki, Pakhomovo, Pletni, Popovtsy (Shishkari), Presnets, Savras, Semestinsky, Spudnoye Telany (Cockroaches) , Tokari, Halevintsy.

Kanakhinsky rural district : Villages Kanakhintsy , Harrows (Northern), Bushmeli, Govyazyonki, Davydenki, Kostolomy, Korkintsy, Maloye Kuprino, Bolshoy Kuprino, Permyaki, Poptsy, Sandals, Pigs (Coastal), Malny Tanai, Bolshoi Tanai, Chetveriki, Chuchkaly.

Knyazevsky rural district (the lands became part of the Porezky rural district): Knyazevo, Andyk, Barmashi, Vypolzovo, Goltsy, Yelda, Lumpun, Naimushino, Yuberi villages.

Komarovsky rural district : The villages of Bolshoi Komarovo, Novoye Komarovo, Maloye Komarovo, Anthropy, Bykovo, Hungry, Hunchbacks, Eremyata, Lapti, Martely, Anthill, Upper Cape, Lower Cape, Nepryah, Polyants, Sosnovka, Spryg, Chuvash, Sharapa.

Lesser Polomsky rural district : Small Polom , Afanasyevtsy, Bageyi, Ravens, Zematy, Koloty, Kropachi, Krutikha, Lyskovo, Mages, Murys, Onohi Nuts, Sectans, Suvorovtsi, Rybachki, Telitsyno villages.

Porez rural district : Porez village. The villages of Bagryshi, Voronoselsky, Demintsy, Zabolotnoye, Teeth, Upper Kazaners, Lower Kazaners, Upper Kerzya, Lower Kerzya, Kokuyevo, Swans, Lukinsy, Menshiki, Nabotely, Russian Cut, Udmurt-Cut, Pushkari, Ramenya, Trushat, Khanyaki Small Shikhovo, Big Shikhovo.

Sardyk rural district : Sardyk village. The villages of Antonovtsy , Bratuhi, Zlobinians, Middle Wozheya, Lower Wozheya, Dan'ka, Derishi, Kandaki, Red May (Krasnomay), Kuzenki, Kuligintsy, Lokhintsy, New Village, Maloye Palkino, Bolshoy Palkino, Platuny, Ryabinovtsy, Sardyk, Sintsi, Slepovtsy Rodina village), Lower Smorkaly, Upper Smorkaly, Sukhoti, Filinos.

Survaysky rural district (now the lands belong to the Uninsky district, they are not part of the districts): Udmurtsky Survay, Balmage, Beltyugi, Burlakintsy, Golovki, Bolshoi Kochizh, Maly Kochizh, Otegalovtsy, Paron, Permyaki, Russian Survay (East Survay, West Survay ), Chuzhintsy, Shusta, Shchiny, Huberi (Huberka).

Sosnovsky rural district : Sosnovka village, Verkholemye village. The villages of Aleksandrovtsy, Babkino, Drums, Borisovtsy (Dyryana), Bortnyk, Were, Bubyonki, Vankintsy, Veselki, Loon, Deba, Kalininets, Kasharino, Lukonets, Mokrushat, Musikhi, Poilovtsy, Empty, Russians, Descent, Sosnovaly Kharenki , Small Shabals, Cranks, Fur coat, Scherbaki.

Uninsky rural district (now the lands belong to the Uninsky district, they are not part of the districts): Alypovtsy, Brodniki, Borisovtsy, Gozhny, Dozhzhi, Bolshaya Dubrova, Malaya Dubrova, Zakharovtsy, Zayakintsy, Inosvety, Karavaevtsy, Karachi, Klyuchi, Kozly, Kokory villages , Konga, Kotegi, Moles, Kryzhi, Lashuki, Robin, Maksyonki, Cape, Nikulata, Newcomers, Pazyal, Pesteri, Pislegi, Sevastyanivtsi, Priestyka, Russian Timshi, Udmurt Timshi, Urai, Small Uni, Old Uni, Yurlovtsy, Yaran.

Utinsky rural district (land became part of the Kanakhinsky rural district): Ut village. Farm Kolotovka. The villages of Agafonovo, Bekeldino, Smooth, Zotkovo, Kamenny, Karachi, Maple, Klushino, Ledencovo, Mamonovo, Markovtsy, Lodgings (Small Ledentsovo), Stepnaya, Sushnik, Trofimenki.

Heads of the district

• 1994—2013 - Peter Mikhailovich Polyantsev ^[26] ;
• 2013—2016 - Alexander Nikolaevich Panteleev ^[26] .
• from 10.20.2016 - Alexey Vasilievich Shaklein ^[26] .

The basis of the economy of the region is agriculture, woodworking, government agencies.

The length of paved roads is 234 km, including 65 km of asphalt roads. Bus service was established with the regional center, with Falenki, with Glazov, with the settlements of the district.

• The building in Uni, which in 1919 housed the headquarters of the 30th division of the 2nd Army of the Eastern Front. The building is located on the street. Red Army 41.
• The school in Uni, in which he studied in 1918-1926 , doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, State Prize laureate Vladimir Semenovich Obukhov (1901-1930).
• Monument to P.V. Efremova ( 1908 - 1929 ) and A. A. Sobolev ( 1901 - 1930 ), who died at the hands of opponents of the Soviet regime. The monument is located in the square near the temple of A. Nevsky in Uny.
• Bogoroditskaya church in with. A cut, built in 1859 - 1877 .
• natural boundary Shaimy (Shayvyl). It is located 2.5 kilometers southwest of Uney along the Uni-Kirov highway. Old quarries for the extraction of gravel. The remnants of gravelites illustrate the internal structure of the pug - endemic relief forms of the region. Here you find veins and nests of the rarest mineral - Volkonskoite - a valuable, non-fading, heat-resistant, natural paint that gives all shades of green.
• Bolshedubrovsky mineral springs. They are located on the right bank of the river. Lumpun , 500 meters from the village of Bolshaya Dubrova . Sources of sodium chloride water and a field of medicinal hydrogen sulfide mud with a high content of calcium sulfide are suitable for medicinal use.

• Shumikhin, Victor Georgievich (1936-1984) - bibliographer, local historian, Honored Worker of Culture of Russia, was born in the village of Sardyk .

• Official site of the Uninsky district of the Kirov region
• Information on the website of the regional administration
• Heads of settlements of the Kirov region
• Information site of the Uninsky district of the Kirov region
• Uninsky district - sights of the Kirov region. Tourism.