The castle house in Gaitiunishki (also known as the fortress house ) is an architectural building of the early 17th century, located in the village of Gaitiunishki, Voronovsky district, Grodno region of the Republic of Belarus . It is a suburban residence in the form of a miniature castle [1] .
| Castle | |
| Gaitunish castle house | |
|---|---|
 Modern view of the castle house | |
| A country |  Belorussia |
| Village | Gaytyunishki , Voronovo district of the Grodno region |
| Architect | Peter Nonhart |
| Building | 1611 - 1612 years |
| Status | protected by the state |
| condition | good |
 | Object of the State List of Historical and Cultural Property of the Republic of Belarus Code: 412G000127 |
Content
History
It was built in 1611 - 1612 [1] on the southern outskirts of the village of Gaityunishki on the left bank of the Zhizhma river according to the own project of its owner Peter Nonhart together with fortification engineer Van Daden.
In the XVII century, the castle house belonged to Nonhart, a genus of unknown origin [2] . Peter Nonhart was an engineer, he held the posts of Vilnius city governor and the head of the royal buildings, and received Gaitiuniški for his service. Probably the only daughter of Peter married the governor of Novogrodsky Yuri Khreptovich and transferred him to Gaytyunishki. After the death of Yuri, the castle house belonged to his eldest son Adam [2] .
Later, the castle house passed into the possession of the artist Schroetter, in which some of the walls of the house were painted with paintings depicting hunting scenes. After the castle, Putkamera , Osten-Saken and Rimshi (since 1830) sequentially owned the castle [2] [3] . During the Northern War , the Swedes defended themselves from Polish troops in the castle [3] .
In 1946-1949, the machine-tool school was located in the building, and since 1956 - the regional psychiatric hospital [2] . Now in the building there is a republican psychiatric hospital for the compulsory treatment of persons who have committed socially dangerous acts in a state of insanity [4] [5] .
Architectural Features
The construction is a rectangular two-story building with dimensions of 15 by 34 meters [3] under a high roof. At each corner, there is a flanking cylindrical completed tent tower with narrow loophole windows [1] . In the center of the main facade is a three-story rectangular tower in plan, in which there is an arch of the main entrance. At the end of the 19th century [6] , a porch in the form of a small cubic volume with arched openings and a terrace above was attached to the central tower [1] .
The thickness of the castle walls is about 1.5 meters [6] . One of the rooms on the ground floor is covered with cylindrical arches, the rest with a flat wooden ceiling [6] . External walls are cut through by rectangular window openings. The castle house was surrounded by bastion-type buildings and a moat filled with water [1] . The facades of the building practically do not contain decor elements [6] , artistic expressiveness is achieved due to the volume of the building, round towers and a high roof [3] . On the ground floor of the building there were various services and barracks for a small garrison, on the second floor there were chambers of the owners and a dining room [6] .
In 1986, the castle house was studied by a special scientific and restoration commission, which established that the foundation of the corner and central towers is not deepened into the mainland, while the foundation of the main building is quite deep. A similar design feature is associated with the presence of basements, covered with brick vaults, and a high level of groundwater , in connection with which, only stone support pillars fixed with lime mortar were used in the construction. For the same reason ( swampiness of the terrain) the foundation of the building on average per meter stands for the perimeter of the walls [1] . The building was built of brick - “gloves” measuring 29.3 by 15 by 6-7 cm, the foundation is made of stones 20-30 cm across (closer to the base about 50 cm) [1] .
Next to the castle in 1633, a Nonhart family tomb in the Baroque style was built [3] , from which there were ruins. The outbuildings of the 19th - first half of the 20th centuries have been preserved [2] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Charnyaski I. Gaytsyunіshskі house-castle // Vyalikae Principality of Lithuania. Entsyklapedyya in 3 tons . - Mn. : BelEn , 2005. - T. 1: Abalensky - Kadentsyya. - S. 481-482. - 684 s. - ISBN 985-11-0314-4 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Laўresh L. Gaitsyunіshkі // Our Words. - 2005. - No. 40 (726). (white)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Tkachev M.A. Gaitunishki // Castles of Belarus. - 2nd ed. - Mn. : Polymya, 1987 .-- 224 p.
- ↑ “Ward No. 6” Archive copy dated April 14, 2015 on Wayback Machine // Project “100 Roads”. Tut.by.
- ↑ Gaityunishki // Globus of Belarus website.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Gaytsyunіshskі house-craps // Architects of Belarus. - Mn., 1993. (Belor.)
Literature
- Gaytsyunіshskі house-craps // Architects of Belarus. - Mn., 1993. (Belor.)
- Laўresh L. Gaytsyunіshkі // Our Words. - 2005. - No. 40 (726). (white)
- Yakimovich Yu. New Praise of the State House of Craps // Remember the history and culture of Belarus. - 1986. - No. 3. (Belor.)
Links
- Gaytyunishki // Globus of Belarus website. (Retrieved October 29, 2011)
- “Chamber No. 6” // Project “100 Roads”. Tut.by. (Retrieved October 29, 2011)