Proton is a series of four Soviet heavy scientific artificial satellites launched from 1965 to 1968.
Content
Description
Satellites were developed by NPO Mashinostroyeniya . The mass of satellites ranged from 12 to 17 tons .
The purpose of the series is the study of particles of high and ultrahigh energies . In particular, the Proton-4 spacecraft launched in 1968 investigated primary high-energy cosmic rays and the energy spectrum of high-energy electrons [1] .
The Proton-1 and Proton-2 satellites (launched July 16, 1965 and November 2, 1965, respectively) were equipped with gamma-ray telescopes designed to measure cosmic radiation in the energy range> 50 MeV [2] . The result of observations of gamma-ray telescopes was to obtain upper limits on the surface brightness of the cosmic gamma-ray background <5x10 -4 phot / (sq.cm sec.) , One of the best at that time.
Launched by a two - stage launch vehicle "Proton" . The name "Proton" (as an unclassified naming) is inherited by a rocket from the satellites of this series. The satellites were the payload of the carrier tests: the Proton-1 was launched at the first launch, and the launch of the Proton-3 completed the flight design tests . The satellites themselves were made using third-stage buildings of the same carrier; these are the first satellites developed independently by OKB-52 . [3] [4] .
Satellite List
| Launch date | Name | SCN | NSSDC ID | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 16, 1965 | Proton 1 | 01466 | 1965-054A | |
| November 2, 1965 | Proton 2 | 01701 | 1965-087A | |
| July 6, 1966 | Proton 3 | 02290 | 1966-060A | |
| November 16, 1968 | Proton 4 | 03544 | 1968-103A |
“Proton-1” had a mass of 12.2 tons, while the mass of scientific equipment was 3.5 tons. “Proton-4” had a mass of about 17 tons and had on board a complex of scientific equipment weighing 12.5 tons. [5]
Photos
Model of the "Proton" in the GMIK them. K. E. Tsiolkovsky (two petals of solar panels removed)
Model "Proton" (close-up) in the GMIK
See also
- List of spacecraft with x-ray and gamma detectors on board
Notes
- ↑ Historical dates, this day in the history of Russia: November 16 . davno.ru. Date of treatment June 28, 2010. Archived February 18, 2012.
- ↑ Grigorov, NL ; Kalinkin, LF; Melioranskii, AS; Nesterov, VE; Pryakhin, EA; Savenko, IA; Sysoev, EA; Éstulin, IV Instrument for Measuring the High-Energy Gamma-Rays in the Primary Cosmic Radiation // Cosmic Research . - 1967. - T. 5 , No. 1 . - S. 107 .
- ↑ Chertok B.E. Missiles and people. T. 1. - M.: "Engineering", 1994
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Cosmonautics, ed. V.P. Glushko. M: "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1985
- ↑ Center for Russian Space Science , Yu. I. Zaitsev, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, “Earth and the Universe” 2005 No. 4