Trillium ( Latin Tríllium ) is a genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the Melantium family . Includes about 50 species growing in coniferous and deciduous forests of Asia (from Afghanistan to the Far East ) and North America . In Russia, 2-3 species grow, all in the Far East. Many types of trilliums are used as medicinal and ornamental plants .
| Trillium | |||||||||||||||||||
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Trillium L. | |||||||||||||||||||
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The name comes from lat. trilix is triple and reflects the fact that almost all parts of the plant exist in triple amounts.
Content
Distribution
Representatives of the genus are found in temperate zones on two continents: in Asia (7 species) and North America (38 species). There are no species that grow on both continents.
In the eastern hemisphere, plants are found in areas from Afghanistan, the Himalayas, Nepal and Pakistan, Burma, China, the Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, Khabarovsk Territory), Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.
In the western hemisphere, members of the genus grow throughout North America, with the exception of the northern subarctic regions and Mexico. The greatest diversity of species is concentrated in the eastern United States (in the states of Georgia, Alabama, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and Kentucky), in which more than 10 species of trillium grow.
Building
Trillium is a perennial herbaceous plant with a height of not more than 50 cm with a short thick rhizome.
Stems erect with numerous scaly leaves at the base, stem - collected three in a whorl .
There are also three sepals , petals, stamens, and carpels. Perianth consists of six lobes - three external greenish and three internal petal, white, reddish, dull yellow, longer than the outer. The flowers are single, white, greenish-white, yellow, pink or purple.
The fruit is a three-nosed green box. An important indicator to distinguish between different types of trilliums is the position of the flower. In some species, the peduncle is absent; the flowers seem to sit on the leaves; in others, the flower is located on a straight peduncle and faces upward, while in some pedicels are drooping and the flowers are facing the ground.
Views
According to the database of The Plant List , the genus includes 9 species [2] :
- Trillium albidum JDFreeman - Trillium whitish
- Trillium angustipetalum ( Torr. ) JDFreeman - Trillium narrowleaf
- Trillium apetalon makino
- Trillium camschatcense Ker Gawl. - Trillium Kamchatka
- Trillium catesbaei elliott
- Trillium cernuum L. typus [3] - Trillium drooping
- Trillium channellii Fukuda , JDFreeman & Itou
- Trillium chloropetalum ( Torr. ) Howell - Green Trillium Trillium
- Trillium × crockerianum halda
- Trillium cuneatum Raf. - Trillium wedge-shaped
- Trillium decipiens JDFreeman
- Trillium decumbens Harb.
- Trillium discolor hook.
- Trillium erectum L. - Trillium erect
- Trillium flexipes raf. - Trillium monstrous
- Trillium foetidissimum JDFreeman
- Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D.Don
- Trillium gracile JDFreeman
- Trillium grandiflorum ( Michx. ) Salisb. - Trillium grandiflora
- Trillium × hagae Miyabe & Tatew.
- Trillium × komarovii H. Nakai & Koji Ito
- Trillium kurabayashii JDFreeman
- Trillium lancifolium raf.
- Trillium ludovicianum Harb.
- Trillium luteum ( Muhl. ) Harb. - Trillium yellow
- Trillium maculatum Raf.
- Trillium × miyabeanum Tatew. ex J. Samej.
- Trillium nivale Riddell - Snow Trillium
- Trillium oostingii gaddy
- Trillium ovatum Pursh - Trillium ovoid
- Trillium parviflorum VGSoukup - Trillium small flowered
- Trillium persistens WHDuncan
- Trillium petiolatum pursh - Trillium longis
- Trillium pusillum Michx. - Trillium is tiny
- Trillium recurvatum LCBeck - Trillium edged , or Trillium bent
- Trillium reliquum JDFreeman
- Trillium rugelii randle
- Trillium sessile L. - Trillium sessile
- Trillium simile gleason
- Trillium smallii Maxim. - Trillium Small
- Trillium stamineum Harb.
- Trillium sulcatum TSPatrick - Trillium sulcata
- Trillium taiwanense ssying
- Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. - Trillium Chonoski
- Trillium underwoodii small
- Trillium undulatum Willd. - Trillium wavy
- Trillium vaseyi Harb. - Trillium Vasa
- Trillium viride LCBeck - Trillium Green
- Trillium viridescens Nutt.
- Trillium × yezoense Tatew. ex J. Samej.
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of monocotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Monocotyledonous article .
- ↑ Trillium . The Plant List . Version 1.1. (2013). Date of treatment September 6, 2016.
- ↑ Entry for Trillium L. NCU-3e. Names in current use for extant plant genera. Electronic version 1.0 . International Association for Plant Taxonomy (1997). Date of treatment May 23, 2012. Archived September 2, 2012.