Prayer in islam

Namaz is a ritual prayer that includes performing body movements in a strictly defined order (belt bows, earthly bows, etc.), reading brief prayer formulas and reading ayahs from the Koran. The inner side of the namaz is a mental concentration on what the prayer reads, as well as the feeling that Allah observes the prayer (see Ihsan ). Namaz can be either mandatory ( fard , wajib ) or desirable ( nafilya , sunnat ).

Namaz differ from each other by the time they perform, the number of rakats and the intention that the prayer says.

The most important and obligatory in Islam are five daily ritual prayers:

• Fajr - pre-dawn prayer
• Zuhr - the midday prayer,
• Asr - the afternoon prayer,
• Maghreb - sunset prayer
• Isha - night prayer.

In addition, there are collective obligatory prayers: Janaza-namaz , Juma-namaz and Id-namaz . Also, Muslims can make a prayer asking for rain ( Istiska ), a prayer during a solar and lunar eclipse ( Kusuf and Husuf ) and others (see Types of prayers ). In form, namaz can be performed individually and ( collectively ), and while traveling and waiting for danger, it can take the form of Qasr-namaz and Hauf, respectively.

In addition to ritual prayer, Muslims often use dua prayer. Dua ( Arabic دعاء - prayer, prayer ) is an arbitrary prayer that does not have the conditions of a certain time, state of purity, etc. Muslims often use certain prayers in different life situations, after ritual prayers and during the zikr (commemoration of Allah) . Some prayers contain those words and the meaning that the prophet Muhammad identified during his prophetic mission. The texts of these prayers are canonical and their change is highly undesirable. Similarly, in the Qur'an there are ayahs that can be called a prayer. Their peculiarity is that they begin with the words “Our Lord!” And are addressed to Allah, despite the fact that, according to Islamic dogma , the Quran itself is the direct speech of Allah. When reading duas, Muslims usually raise their hands to the level of their shoulders with their palms to their faces, and upon completion they rub their faces with them.

Muslims often have to say certain dua prayers in different life situations. Here are some of them:

• when entering the toilet and leaving it - “With the name of Allah! O Allah, truly, I seek your help from depravity and bad deeds. ”
• at the entrance to the house —- “In the name of Allah we entered, in the name of Allah we went out and we relied on our Lord.”
• at the entrance to the mosque —- “I seek the protection of Allah the Great, His noble countenance, and His eternal authority from the accursed Shaitan! Praise be to Allah! With the name of Allah, blessing and peace to the Messenger of Allah. O Allah, open for me the gates of Your mercy! ”
• when visiting a patient —- “It doesn't matter, (the disease will cleanse you, if Allah wills”
• when visiting the graves - “Peace to you, O believers and Muslims lying here! Truly, if it pleases Allah, we will join you and Allah will have mercy on those of us who left earlier and those who lingered; I pray to Allah for deliverance for us and for you! ”
• a plea for sending rain - “O Allah, give us drink of rain saving, thirst-quenching, abundant, useful, and not harmful, fast, not late!”
• a prayer in the rain - "O Allah, may this rain benefit!"
• a plea before eating - "In the name of Allah!" or "In the name of Allah at the beginning and end of it!"
• a plea after a meal - "Praise be to Allah who fed me with this and endowed me with this, whereas I myself did not resort to tricks or strength." ^[1]

Brief prayer formulas

• Ausu billahi mine sh-shaitani r-rajim ( Arabic أَعُوذُ بالله مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ - I resort to Allah from the accursed Satan ) - the words used by Muslims before any action. Usually precedes the Basmale and it is from these words that the Quran begins.
• Bismi-Llyakhi-r-rahmani-r-rahim ( Arabic بِسۡمِ ٱللهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ - With the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful ) - Basmal. Words with which Muslims should start their deeds. All the suras of the Qur'an begin with Basmalaya, except Sura 9 Repentance .
• Fragment from At-talbiya ( arab. لبّيك We responded to your call! We sincerely responded - saying that You have no partner! Truly, Praise to You and goodness only from You, mercy and power! You have no companion! "".
• Allahuma Sally ala Muhammadin vaalya al Muhammad ( Arabic

Ayats of the Quran

The Qur'an contains ayahs that include prayer-dua, which are recommended to be pronounced to believing Muslims.

• But among them there are those who say: “Our Lord! Give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter and protect us from the torment in Fire. ” ( Quran 2 : 201)
• “Our Lord! Spill our patience with us, strengthen our feet, and help us defeat unbelievers ”( Quran, 2 : 250)
• “Our Lord! Do not punish us if we have forgotten or made a mistake. Our Lord! Do not put on us the burden that You have laid on our predecessors. Our Lord! Do not burden us with what we can not do. Be gracious to us! Forgive us and have mercy! You are our Patron. Help us to prevail over unbelievers. ”( Quran, 2 : 286)
• “Our Lord! Do not incline our hearts to the side after You have guided us on the straight path, and grant us mercy from Yourself, because You are the Giver! ”( Quran, 3 : 8)
• “Our Lord! Verily we believed. Forgive us our sins and protect us from torment in the Fire ”( Quran, 3 : 16)
• Then Zakaria appealed to his Lord, saying: “Lord! Give me beautiful offspring from yourself, because you heed the prayer. ” ( Quran 3 : 38)
• “Our Lord! We believed in what you revealed and followed the messenger. Put us in the number of testimonies ”( Quran, 3 : 53)
• “Our Lord! Forgive us our sins and excesses, which we committed in our business, strengthen our feet and grant us victory over non-believers ”( Quran, 3 : 147)
• “Lord! Include me and my offspring in the number of those who pray. Our Lord! Take my prayer. Our Lord! Forgive me, my parents and believers on the day when the bill will be presented. ” ( Quran 14 : 40-41)

Zikr

Zikr ( Arabic. ذكر - remembrance ), Azkara - spiritual practice, which consists in the repeated pronouncement of prayer formulas containing the name of Allah. Usually pronounced after namaz a certain number of times (3, 10, 33, 100, etc.).

• Istigfar ( Arabic. اِسْتِغْفَار ), Astaghfirullah ( Arabic. غفستغفر الله ) - words of remembrance of Allah, meaning "forgive Allah . "
• Istiaza ( Arabic) ), Auzubillah ( Arabic أعوذ بالله ) - the words of remembrance of Allah, meaning "I resort (for help) to Allah . "
• Takbir ( Arabic تكبير ), Allahu Akbar ( Arabic ﷲ اكبر ) - words of remembrance of Allah, meaning "Allah is the greatest . " It is read 33 times after the namaz.
• Tasbih ( Arab. تسبيح ), Subhanallah ( Arab. سبحان الله ) - the words of remembrance of Allah, meaning "Holy Allah . " It is read 33 times after the namaz.
• Tahmid ( Arabic. التَّحْمِيد ), Alhamdulillah ( Arabic الحمد لله ) - the words of remembrance of Allah, meaning "praise be to Allah . " It is read 33 times after the namaz.
• Tahlil ( Arabic التَّهْلِيل ), La ilaha illah allah ( Arabic لا إله إلا الله ) is the word of remembrance of Allah, meaning "there is no God but Allah . "

Dua read in prayer

• Wajahtu ( Arabic وجهت ), Dua ul-ifftah - prayer, which is read in the first rakat of every namaz (except for the requiem namaz).

Text: “I turned to worship Allah. One who created heaven and earth from non-existence. Leaving false religions, being in truth, and being a Muslim; not being an idolater. Truly, my namaz, worship, life, death from Almighty Allah, who is the Lord of the Universe, who has no companion. I was commanded so that Allah is one and I am a Muslim. ” ^[2]

• Kunut ( Makhdin ) ( Arabic. اَللَّهُمَّ اهْدِنَا - oh Allah! Lead us ) is a prayer pronounced after a belt bow, during which the worshiper raises his hands and opens his palms. It is read during the morning prayer, or in all obligatory prayers during unrest. ^[3]

Text: “O Allah, bring me to the right path among those to whom You indicated it, and deliver me (from all evil) among those whom You delivered, and protect me among those whom You have taken care of and bless me in that you have bestowed, and protect me from what you have prejudged, for you decide, and they do not make decisions about you, and truly, the one you supported will not be humbled, the one with whom you have become hostile! Our Lord, You are the Blessed and the Most High! ”

• Kunut (Hanafi madhhab) ( Arabic القنوت ) is a prayer pronounced in the third rak'at vitr-namaz .

Text: “O Allah! We ask to lead us on the true path, we ask Your forgiveness and repent. We believe in you and rely on you. We praise you well. Thank you and we are not wrong. We reject and renounce the one who does not submit to You. O Allah! We worship you alone, pray and make bows to the earth. We are striving for and heading towards you. We hope for Your Grace and fear Your punishment. Truly, Your punishment befalls unbelievers! ”

• Tashahhud , at-Tahiyat ( Arabic التَّحِيَّاتُ - "greeting") - a prayer, pronounced during the prayer after the second sudzhud in the second and last rakaat.

Text: “Greetings, prayers and all good deeds belong only to Almighty Allah. Peace to you, O Prophet, the Grace of Allah and His blessing. Peace be upon us and the pious slaves of Allah. I testify that there is no god except Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. ”

• Salavat ( Arabic. صلوات - blessing ) is a prayer pronounced during namaz after reading At-Tahiyat in the last rakat .

Text: “O Allah! Save Muhammad and His kind, as You have preserved Ibrahim and His kind. Verily, You are the Praised, the Glorified. O Allah! Blessed Muhammad and His kind were sent down, as You bestowed a blessing on Ibrahim and His kind. Verily, You are the Praised, the Glorified. ”

• Rabbana Atina ( Arabic. رَبَّنَا اَتِنَا - "Our Lord! Give Us") - prayer, pronounced at the end of namaz (after the Hanafi madhhab)

Text: “Our Lord! Give us good and good in this future life, protect us from the fire of Hell. ” ^[four]