Alexandroupolis [3] [4] ( Greek Αλεξανδρούπολις [5] ή Αλεξανδρούπολη ) is a city in the north-east of Greece , in Thrace . Alexandroupolis is the administrative center of the eponymous community and the peripheral unit of Evros in the periphery of East Macedonia and Thrace . It is located at an altitude of 10 meters above sea level [1] , on the coast of the Aegean Sea , 15 kilometers west of the mouth of the Evros ( Maritsa ) river, near the border with the European part of Turkey and Bulgaria . In Alexandroupolis is the department of the Metropolitan of Alexandria of the Greek Orthodox Church, the Cathedral - St. Nicholas [6] . The population of 57,812 inhabitants according to the 2011 census [2] .
| City | |
| Alexandroupolis | |
|---|---|
| Greek Αλεξανδρούπολις | |
 Port of Alexandroupolis | |
| A country |  Greece |
| Status | Community and peripheral administrative center |
| Periphery | East Macedonia and Thrace |
| Periphery | Evros |
| Community | Alexandroupolis |
| History and Geography | |
| Based | |
| First mention | 340 BC e. |
| Square | km² |
| Center height | 10 [1] m |
| Timezone | and |
| Population | |
| Population | 57 812 [2] people ( 2011 ) |
| Nationalities | Greeks, Turks, Gagauz |
| Denominations | Orthodox, Muslims |
| Digital identifiers | |
| Telephone code | +30 25510 |
| Postcode | |
At 7 kilometers from Alexandroupolis is the international airport "Dimokritos" . The city is the railway station "Alexandroupolis" on the Alexandroupolis-Svilengrad lines and Thessaloniki - Alexandroupoli .
History
Alexandroupolis is one of the youngest cities in Greece, however, it stands on the ruins of the city of Sale (Sali), founded by immigrants from Samothrace , which Herodotus mentions in his writings. The current location of the city of Alexandroupolis is associated with the ancient city of Sali, which, according to Herodotus, was in the 5th century. BC e. was one of the cities of Samothrace Perey (Messimvria, Zoni, Dris, Tempira, Harakoma and Sali.
In 1847, on the site of the current city, then on the territory of the Ottoman Empire , there was a guard post against smugglers [7] . In 1876, fishermen from the surrounding villages ( Maronia , Makri and others) together founded here a small village named Dedeagach ( Greek Δεδεαγάτς , Turkish Dedeağaç ) named after the Turkish dervish Dede [6] . The name has Turkish roots and translates as "elder tree" or "hermit tree". According to legend, in the shadow of an oak, an old and wise dervish instructed his students, here he was later buried.
In 1870, the construction of the railway began here, connecting Constantinople with Adrianople , southern Macedonia and Thessaloniki . The construction of this railway branch was to modernize the Ottoman Empire , so leading experts in this field of construction from Austria-Hungary were hired. Indeed, the railway gave a powerful impetus to the development of the city.
Dedeagach was occupied by the Russian army in 1877, during the Russo-Turkish war . Russian troops remained in the city until the Berlin Congress . Russian urban engineers developed a city improvement plan. The emphasis was on the design of wide streets, giving troops freedom of movement. The streets run parallel to each other, which is very unlike narrow alleys, cobbled streets and dead ends, typical of the Ottoman cities of that time. Wide boulevards are oriented along or perpendicular to the seashore. With the participation of Russian engineers, the Dedeagach lighthouse was built [8] .
In 1883, Dedeagach became the center of the Sanjak , as part of vilayet Edirne . In 1888, at the urgent request of local Bulgarians, the bishopric governorship of the Bulgarian exarchy was opened in Dedeagach. The first viceroy was appointed Nikola Shkutov , in 1893 he was replaced by Deutschin Zaprev [9] . In 1892, the Bulgarian Church of Sts. Was opened in Dedeagach. Cyril and Methodius. Most of the funds for its construction were provided by the brothers Vasil and Raicho Kovachev from Raikovo , Petko Bobev and Brian Kaloyanov from Doganhisar [10] . Now the Bulgarian church of St. Cyril and Methodius are not in the city. Its building now houses the Greek Church of St. Eleutherium. The temple was thoroughly rebuilt in 1955, and all that could remind of its former belonging to the Bulgarian exarchy, the Greek chauvinists carefully destroyed.
By the end of the 19th century, the city became a regional center. In 1897, the Orient Express proceeded through Dedeagach. When the Greco-Turkish War broke out in the same 1897, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria agreed to open a Bulgarian trade mission in Dedeagach. The first representative was Ivan Hadzhidimitrov, he was soon replaced by Secretary Diko Yovev (in the rank of temporary manager). But already in 1901 the agency was closed [11] .
In 1900, according to Anastas Razboinikov , there were 5400 inhabitants in Dedeagach, there were 555 Greek houses, 320 Turkish, 45 Bulgarian, 60 Armenian, 30 Jewish, 30 Gypsy, 15 Vlash and 30 others [12] .
Around that time, a Bulgarian school opened in Dedeagach. In the years 1896-1900. Kirill Sovichanov taught here, in 1900-1901, Ivan Liposhliev, At. Dumchev, Ivan Chontev, V. Atanasov and Faniya Tashkova are the wife of Georgy Sivriev from Adrianople. In 1901-1902, two teachers were replaced by Georgy Vasilev and D. Stambolov, who was soon expelled and replaced by Nikola Lulchev. In 1902-1903, new teachers were added - Ralyu Stoyanov, Ivan Grudev , Stefan Nikolov , Al. Stoikov and Elizaveta Shopova, and the next year - a new teacher Georgy Dimitrov from Skrebatno (double namesake of the famous communist), who replaced Grudev as the main teacher [13] . For the academic year 1905-1906, three Bulgarian schools already functioned in Dedeagach - two basic and one three-year schools - “St. St. Cyril and Methodius " [14] .
In 1909, the Bulgarian Bulgarian Nikola Tabakov was first elected mayor of Dedeagach [15] .
On November 8, 1912, Dedeagach and its railway station were liberated by the Bulgarian troops with the support of the Greek fleet. Bulgaria and Greece were allies during the First Balkan War , but opponents in the Second Balkan War . And Dedeagach was occupied by the Greek army on July 11, 1913. Under the terms of the Bucharest Peace on August 10, 1913, Dedeagach was annexed to Bulgaria along with the rest of Western Thrace.
In September 1913, at the end of the Second Balkan War, about 12,000 Bulgarian refugees found temporary refuge on the outskirts of the city. They were from 17 different villages from all over West Thrace, fleeing ethnic cleansing [16] .
In March-June 1914, the Dedeagach port received 10 steamships with long-suffering Little Asian Bulgarians evacuated from Turkish borders.
The defeat of Bulgaria in the First World War (1914-1918) caused significant territorial changes. Bulgaria, under the Noyu treaty, ceded part of Western Thrace to Greece, however, retained the right to transit goods through Dedeagach in order to transport its goods through the Aegean Sea .
In 1920, the city was visited by the King of Greece, Alexander I , in whose honor he was named by the local authorities Alexandroupolis , although the name Naples ( Greek Νεάπολη ) was originally proposed as the new city of the kingdom [17] .
In 1941, Nazi Germany gave its ally Bulgaria the opportunity to annex the city . After the coup in Bulgaria, Alexandroupolis was in October 1944 occupied by contingents of the People's Liberation Army of Greece (ELAS).
Alexandroupolis was badly damaged during the Civil War of 1946-1949. In 1951, the reconstruction of the city began.
Economics
The city has one of the largest ports in Greece [18] .
Museums
The following museums operate in the city:
- Archaeological Museum of Alexandroupolis ( Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Αλεξανδρούπολης ) [19]
- Museum of Alexandroupolis ( Ιστορικό Μουσείο Αλεξανδρούπολης )
- Alexandroupolis Museum of Natural History ( Μουσείο Φυσικής Ιστορίας Αλεξανδρούπολης )
- Museum of the Church Art of Alexandroupolis ( Εκκλησιαστικό Μουσείο Αλεξανδρούπολης ) [20]
- Ethnological Museum of Thrace
Community
The Alexandroupolis community was created in 1924 ( ΦΕΚ 194Α ) [21] . The community includes three settlements. The population of 58 125 people according to the 2011 census [2] . An area of 149.852 square kilometers [1] .
| Locality | Population (2011) [2] , people |
|---|---|
| Agnandia | 158 |
| Alexandroupolis | 57 812 |
| Amfitriti | 155 |
Population
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1991 | 38 939 [22] |
| 2001 | 49,724 [22] |
| 2011 | ↗ 57 812 [2] |
Gallery
Church of st. Joseph
3rd public elementary school
Customs building
City embankment
View of Samothrace from the city
Coast along Alexandroupolis
Beach near the promenade
Beach with Samothrace on the horizon
Twin Cities
- Burgas , Bulgaria
- Lacatamia , Cyprus
- Haskovo , Bulgaria
- Edirne , Turkey
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Απογραφή πληθυσμού - κατοικιών της 18ης μαρτίου 2001 (μόνιμος πληθυσμός) (Greek) . - Πειραιάς: Εθνική στατιστική υπηρεσία της Ελλάδας , 2009. - Τ. I. - Σ. 412 . - ISSN 1106-5761 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Πίνακας αποτελεσμάτων Μόνιμου Πληθυσμού-Απογραφής 2011 (Greek) . Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή (20 Μαρτίου 2014). Date of treatment October 22, 2017.
- ↑ Alexandroupolis // Dictionary of geographical names of foreign countries / ed. ed. A.M. Komkov . - 3rd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Nedra , 1986. - S. 7-31.
- ↑ Greece: Reference card: Scale 1: 1,000,000 / hl ed. Y. A. Topchiyan ; Ed .: G. A. Skachkova , N. N. Ryumin . - M .: Roskartografiya, Omsk Cartographic Factory , 2001. - (The countries of the world "Europe"). - 2000 copies.
- ↑ Αλεξανδρούπολις (Έβρου) (Greek) . ΕΕΤΑΑ. Date of treatment November 9, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Jerome. Feofan (Lukyanov). Alexandroupoli Metropolia // Orthodox Encyclopedia . - M .: Church Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" , 2000. - T. I. - S. 620. - 752 p. - 40,000 copies. - ISBN 5-89572-006-4 .
- ↑ Robbers, 1999 , p. 160.
- ↑ Bogdanovsky, Alexey. In the Greek city of Alexandroupolis there is a photo exhibition . RIA Novosti (July 9, 2007). Date of treatment November 16, 2018.
- ↑ Karamanjukov, 1934 , p. 249.
- ↑ Karamanjukov, 1934 , p. 250.
- ↑ Karamanjukov, 1934 , p. 248-249.
- ↑ Robbers, 1999 , p. 161.
- ↑ Karamanjukov, 1934 , p. 251.
- ↑ Bozhinov, Warrior. The Bulgarian skate clearance in Macedonia and Odrinsk Trakia. - Sofia: BAN, 1982. - S. 260, 264. - 392 p.
- ↑ Nikolov, Boris J. Vatreshna Macedon-Odrinsk revolutionary organization. Voivod and the leaders (1893-1934). Biographical and bibliographic reference. - Sofia: Stars, 2001 .-- S. 162.
- ↑ Miletich, L. Razorenieto on the Thracian ѣ Bulgari Prez 1913 / Balgarsky Academy on Naukite. - Sofia: Darzhavna, the princess, 1918 .-- S. 222.
- ↑ Δεδε - Αγάτς, Νεάπολη, Αλεξανδρούπολη (Το θέμα της ονοματοδοσίας της πόλης)
- ↑ Expert: Greece’s proposal to let Russian ships bypass Turkey does not like NATO . RT (February 21, 2016). Date of treatment November 16, 2018.
- ↑ Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Αλεξανδρούπολης. Πληροφορίες (Greek) . Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (2012). Date of treatment November 9, 2018.
- ↑ Σταυρούλα Δαδάκη. Εκκλησιαστικό Μουσείο Αλεξανδρούπολης. Περιγραφή (Greek) . Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (2012). Date of treatment November 9, 2018.
- ↑ Διοικητικές μεταβολές δήμων και κοινοτήτων. Δ. Αλεξανδρουπόλεως (Έβρου) (Greek) . ΕΕΤΑΑ. Date of treatment November 9, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Μόνιμος και Πραγματικός Πληθυσμός της Ελλάδος. Σύνολο Ελλάδος, νομοί, δήμοι / κοινότητες, δημοτικα / κοινοτικά διαμερίσμα και οικισμοί. Απογραφές πληθυσμού 2001 και 1991 (Greek) (unavailable link) . Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή . Date of treatment June 22, 2017. Archived July 16, 2006.
Literature
- Karamanjukov, Hristo. West Thracian bulgari in its own historical-cultural minuto, especially followed the political and revolutionary movement. - Sofia: Pechatnitsa B.A. Kozhukharov, 1934.
- The robbers, Anastas and Spas. It is populated on South Thrace with a look at ethnic relations in 1830, 1878, 1912 and 1920. - Sofia: Karina M, 1999.
Links
- alexpolis.gr - official website of the Alexandroupolis community