Stasova, Elena Dmitrievna

Born to a noble family. Father - Russian public figure, lawyer Dmitry Stasov , participated in major trials of that time, one of the organizers and directors of the Russian Musical Society (1859). The family was the fifth child of six ^[2] . Sister musicologist V. Stasova . Niece of Vladimir Stasov , N. V. Stasova . Granddaughter of the famous architect Vasily Stasov .

Her mother was often ill, according to the recollections of the revolutionary woman herself, in her childhood had a great influence on her father and the already mentioned uncle Vladimir, a prominent critic ^[2] .

Up to the age of 13 she was raised and educated at home. In the spring of 1887 she entered immediately into the V class of the private women's gymnasium of L. S. Tagantseva , which she graduated in 1890 with a gold medal. In those years, she later began a friendly relationship with A. Kollontai ^[5] .

Having obtained the right to teach Russian language and history, she became a Sunday school teacher in which her mother used to work.

Life in a highly humanitarian family, which retained all the best that was in the Russian intelligentsia of the 60s, constant contact with people chosen in a cultural and artistic sense (we had all Russian musicians and peredvizhniki artists) undoubtedly had a great influence on me . I remember that it became increasingly stronger for me to speak a sense of duty towards the "people", towards the workers and peasants, who gave us, the intelligentsia, the opportunity to live as we lived. I think that these thoughts, thoughts about our unpaid debt, developed partly under the influence of reading ... Obviously, the result of all the inner work on yourself plus events of the outer life, in which student stories played at the time [demonstrations, beating students by the police] , forced me to seek the application of my strength to practical work ... ^[2]

At the age of 20, Stasov met Nadezhda Krupskaya , together they taught in Sunday schools for workers and conducted social democratic propaganda. Krupskaya also attracted her to work in the illegal political Red Cross. Since 1898, Stasov is an active member of the " Union of the struggle for the liberation of the working class ." From 1901 she was an agent of Iskra ^[6] , she worked closely with I. I. Radchenko ^[2] . Until 1905, she led underground party work in St. Petersburg , Orel , Moscow , Minsk , Vilna (now Vilnius ). In the spring of 1904, her first meeting with N. E. Bauman was held in Moscow ^[7] . In the same 1904 was first arrested. In 1904–06, she was secretary (technical officer) of the Petersburg Party Committee and the Northern Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP, Russian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP ^[8] .

Few comrades left who saw with their own eyes the beginning of your underground work in St. Petersburg of the 90s and 900s, and I worked under your beginning for about 4 years, saw your first steps as a party leader and I can safely say that so far I have not met workers who, having entered the field of underground activities, at once turned out to be such great conspirators and organizers - perfectly mature, skillful and endless.

- From a letter to the 60th anniversary of the prev. OGPU V.R. Menzhinsky ^[7]

Stasova recalled, when discussing with M. M. Essen the question of what nickname she should take, she suggested: “I would most likely give you the nickname“ Categorical Imperative, ”but this is too long, let's take Absolute .” ^[9] .

In the years 1905-1906 she lived in exile in Switzerland , where she worked in the Central Committee of the RSDLP and participated in the publication of the newspaper Proletary. Lenin himself came to tell her about the murder of Nikolai Bauman ^[7] . In 1906 in Finland was engaged in transportation of weapons, money and party workers across the border. In the same year she was again arrested.

In August 1907 she left for the Caucasus, moved there due to illness ^[2] . In the years 1907-1912 at the party propaganda work in Tiflis . In 1911 she participated in the work of the Russian Organizational Commission (ROC) ^[10] . At the Prague Conference (1912), she was approved as a candidate member of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party ^{[10] [11]} and became a member of the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee. In July 1912, she left Tiflis for St. Petersburg, where she was arrested in the apartment of her parents ^{[10] [12]} .

From 1913 to 1916 she was in exile in the Yenisei province . In 1914 he was exiled to the village of Bey , a memorial plaque still hangs on the house.

In the autumn of 1916, she received leave to Petrograd, which was extended for health reasons. There she joined the party work and was again arrested and imprisoned in the Foundry. Released by the February Revolution ^[13] .

In March 1917, she re-entered the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP ^[8] . From February 28 ( March 13 ) 1917 secretary of the Bureau of the Central Committee ^[14] , then executive secretary of the Central Committee ( March 25 - November 29, 1919; secretary of the Central Committee (November 29, 1919 — March ²⁰ , 1920 ^[15] . ^[16]

At the VI Party Congress (1917), Olminsky called her “the keeper of the party’s traditions” ^{[7] [17]} . At the same congress, she was elected in absentia as a candidate member of the Central Committee, in 1918-1920. member of the Central Committee of the party. In August 1917 she was elected a member of the Lesnovsk-Udelninsk district duma.

In 1918, secretary of the Petrograd Committee of the RCP (B.), After the death of M. S. Uritsky was included in the Presidium of the Petrograd Cheka ^[5] . In March 1919, she moved to Moscow ^[5] . Member of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (B.) From March 25, 1919 to March 20, 1920. ^[sixteen]

In 1920, the Central Committee sent Stasov to Baku , where she participated in the preparation of the 1st congress of the peoples of the East, worked in the Caucasus Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b). From September 9 to 15, 1920, Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan . Since September 1920 - Secretary of the Presidium of the Council of Propaganda and Action of the Peoples of the East, member of the Caucasian Bureau of the Central Committee.

In 1921-1925, he worked illegally in the office of the Communist Party of Germany and the representative office of the Executive Committee of the Comintern in Berlin . From 1926 she worked in the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). In 1927-1937 - deputy preds. Executive Committee of the International Organization of Assistance to the Fighters of the Revolution (MOPR) and Chairman of the Central Committee of the MOPR of the USSR.

In 1932, at the Amsterdam Anti-War Congress, she was elected a member of the World Anti-War and Anti-Fascist Committee, and in 1934 she participated in the creation of the World Anti-War and Anti-Fascist Women's Committee.

In 1933, at the initiative of her and the workers, Ivanovo was founded by Interdom for the children of foreign revolutionaries and workers who were imprisoned. Subsequently began to wear her name. In 1930-1934 a member of the Central Control Commission of the CPSU (b) and its party council. In 1935-1943 a member of the International Control Commission of the Comintern. In 1938-1943 Editor of the magazine " International Literature ".

When the Great Patriotic War began, she asked to go to the front, referring to the knowledge of foreign languages, but she was refused, sent to the rear, but returned to Moscow in 1942. ^[18]

Since 1946, a consultant to the IML at the Central Committee of the CPSU ^[19] . In the same year she retired. She lived in the famous House on the waterfront .

She died on December 31, 1966 in Moscow . After death, she was cremated , the ashes were placed in an urn in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow.

Hero of Socialist Labor (1960). Four Orders of Lenin (8.03.1933, 4.10.1953, 7.03.1960, 4.10.1963).

Author of many articles, memoirs "Pages of life and struggle." M., 1957, perizd. 1960, based on them supplemented with her participation “Memories” (1969), published posthumously ^[20] .

• Natalia Selezneva (" Thieves and prostitutes. The prize is a flight into space ", Russia, 2003 ).

• A memorial plaque with the text was placed on the wall of the house in which she lived, “A professional revolutionary, an active participant in the Great October Socialist Revolution, a member of the CPSU from 1898, Hero of Socialist Labor Elena Dmitrievna Stasova lived in this house from 1932 to 1966” .
• A memorial plaque with the text was installed on the house in Bei , in which in 1914 she served the exile: “In 1914, Elena Dmitrievna Stasova, an activist of the Russian international communist movement, lived in this house” .
• The Ivanovo International Orphanage , founded by MOPR in 1933, is named after Stasova.
• The streets bear their name in different localities, in Moscow (near Leninsky Avenue ), St. Petersburg , Krasnoyarsk (Vetluchanka microdistrict), Bei , Abakan , Minusinsk , etc.
• In 1973, the USSR postage stamp dedicated to Stasova was issued.

• Stasov, Elena Dmitrievna (Rus.) . The site " Heroes of the country ."
• Elena Dmitrievna Stasova - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
• Biography on the site HRONOS
• Keeper of party traditions (E. D. Stasova) (inaccessible link) / Alexander Isbakh