Aleksandr Fedorovich Myasnikov ( real name Myasnikyan , pseudonym Martuni ; Armenian Ալեքսանդր Ֆյոդորի Մյասնիկյան ; Belorussian Alyaksander Fedorovich Myasnіkoў ; January 28 [ February 9 ], St. Petersburg , March 22, 1886 , St. Petersburg Republic ) - a revolutionary, party and statesman, one of the leaders in the establishment of Soviet power in Belarus . The author of several works on the theory of Marxism - Leninism , the history of the revolutionary movement and Armenian literature [1] .
| Alexander Fedorovich Myasnikov | |
|---|---|
| arm Ալեքսանդր Ֆյոդորի Մյասնիկյան | |
 | |
| Aliases | Martuni |
| Date of Birth | January 28 ( February 9 ) 1886 |
| Place of Birth | Nakhichevan-on-Don Don Troops area , Russian empire |
| Date of death | March 22, 1925 (aged 39) |
| A place of death | near Tbilisi |
| Citizenship | |
| Occupation | revolutionary statesman |
| Education | |
| Religion | |
| The consignment | RSDLP |
| Main ideas | communism |
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 memory
- 3 Works
- 4 Literature
- 5 notes
- 6 References
Biography
He was born on January 28 ( February 9 ), 1886 in Nakhichevan-on-Don, in the family of a small trader of Armenian descent [2] .
In 1903 he graduated from the Armenian Seminary in Moscow , in 1906 - the Lazarevsky Institute in Moscow [3] ; November 19, 1912 received a diploma in law from Moscow University .
Member of the RSDLP since 1906 . In the same year he was arrested and sentenced to administrative expulsion in Baku . According to other sources, he joined the Bolshevik movement only after the revolution [4] . In 1911 - 1912 and 1914 - 1917 - in the Russian army [3] . Warrant Officer Stock ( 1912 ).
From September 1917 to May 1918 he was chairman of the North-Western Regional Committee of the RCP (B.) .
Since November 1917, the Commander- in -Chief of the Western Front , Chairman of the Regional Executive Committee of the Western Region ( Regional Executive Committee Belor. Ablvykamzakh ). Since December 12 (25), he has temporarily performed the post of supreme commander in chief. While in this position, he could not organize the defense of Minsk, as a result of which the city was surrendered to German troops without resistance. Attempts to organize a guerrilla struggle were also unsuccessful. [four]
In June 1918, the commander of the Volga Front against the Czechoslovak Corps.
Since December 31, 1918, the chairman of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Belarus . From February 4 to February 27, 1919 - Chairman of the CEC (Government) of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus ( SSRB ), Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Socialist Republic of Belarus and People's Commissar of the Socialist Republic of Belarus for Military Affairs. He advocated the creation of a single state with the RSFSR.
September 25, shell-shocked in the explosion in the conference room of the Moscow Committee of the RCP (B.) , Organized by the All-Russian rebel committee of revolutionary partisans " Anarchists of the Underground."
In 1921 - Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and the People's Commissar for Military Affairs of the Armenian SSR , at the same time deputy chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR ; Member of the Caucasian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (B.). Since 1922 - Chairman of the Union Council of the ZSFSR, then the first secretary of the Transcaucasian Regional Committee of the RCP (b). At the same time, a member of the PBC of the USSR , a member of the Presidium of the CEC of the USSR. Candidate member of the Central Committee of the Party (1923-1925).
He died on March 22, 1925 in a plane crash near Tbilisi along with Atarbekov and Mogilevsky [5] . At a mourning rally, Leonid Trotsky delivered a speech [6] .
He was buried in Tbilisi.
Memory
- In 1932, in Minsk, a car repair plant was named after A.F. Myasnikov, on the territory of which a monument was erected in his honor.
- His name also bears one of the squares in the center of Minsk and the adjacent street [7] .
- In 1959, a street in Vitebsk was named after A. F. Myasnikov [8] .
- In 1961, a street in Volgograd was named after A.F. Myasnikov.
- He named the district in the Rostov region and the street in the city of Rostov-on-Don (in the historical part of Nakhichevan ), as well as the Myasnikovan microdistrict in the northern part of the city - a private sector with a predominantly Armenian population.
- Kachin Higher Military Aviation Order of Lenin Red Banner Pilot School named after A.F. Myasnikov.
- Myasnikovabad - the former name of the village Aliabad, Nakhchivan Autonomous Okrug, Azerbaijan.
- In Yerevan, the avenue and the square on which the monument is installed are named after him.
- Martuni, pseudonym A.F. Myasnikyan, gave the name to 2 cities - in the Gegharkunik region of the Republic of Armenia and in Nagorno-Karabakh .
- Stone bust of Alexander Myasnikyan. The sculptor is Rafik Gareginovich Khachatryan (Khachar), 1937-1993.
- Plaques and Information Plaque
On the building where Myasnikov spoke, on Glinka Street in Smolensk
On the house on street 19 line number 10 in Rostov-on-Don
On the street in Rostov-on-Don
Compositions
- Selected works. / Per. with arm - Yerevan, Hayastan, 1965.
- Selected works. M., Politizdat, 1985
- Armenian political parties abroad. Tiflis, 1925
Literature
- Salin L. Life given to the people / In the book: Party soldiers. - M. , 1971.
- Mnatsakanyan A.N. Selfless service to the people. - Er. , 1976.
- Shatiryan M.A. General born of the revolution: The Tale of Alexander Myasnikov (Myasnikyan). - M .: Politizdat, 1977. - (Fiery revolutionaries). - 430 p., Ill.
Notes
- ↑ Myasnikov Alexander Fedorovich on the Chronos website
- ↑ Myasnikov, Alexander Fedorovich.
- ↑ 1 2 Myasnikov Alexander Fedorovich in the Handbook on the History of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898-1991.
- ↑ 1 2 Vaclav Solsky. 1917 in the Western region and on the western front .
- ↑ ACCIDENTAL AIRCASTASTROPHE unspecified (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment April 5, 2013. Archived September 11, 2012.
- ↑ Speech at the mourning meeting in Sukhum on March 23, 1925
- ↑ Article Monument to A. Myasnikov on the site “Minsk old and new”
- ↑ Vitebsk: Encyclopedic Reference / Ch. Editor I.P. Shamyakin. - Mn. : BelSE named after P. Brovka, 1988 .-- 408 p. - 60,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85700-004-1 .
Links
- Myasnikov Alexander Fedorovich in the Handbook on the History of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898-1991.
- Myasnikov Alexander Fedorovich on the site Chronos .