Principality of Kholm (inheritance of Tver)

The Kholm principality is a specific principality within the Tver principality .

The Principality was formed in 1339 after the Grand Duke of Tver, Alexander Mikhailovich, was killed in the Horde. The brother of Alexander, Konstantin Mikhailovich , received the Tver table, and the son of Alexander Vsevolod Aleksandrovich received the city of Holm as an inheritance.

When Konstantin died in 1345, his younger brother Vasily Mikhailovich , who became the eldest of Mikhailovich, decided to get a label on the Tver grand-prince table. Since a lot of money was needed for this, Vasily voluntarily “collected a tribute” from the Kholmsky principality, taking advantage of the fact that Vsevolod was at that time in the Horde. However, Vsevolod, meanwhile, obtained a label from the Khan for the great reign of Tver. Having learned about the arbitrariness of his uncle, he left the Horde together with the Khan's ambassador and, having met Vasily in Bezdezh, robbed him. The feud between uncle and nephew led to the flight of people from the Tver Principality, so the Tver Bishop Theodore made great efforts to reconcile them. In 1348, Vsevolod ceded to Vasily Tver, and was content with his former Kholmsky destiny.

In 1351, Vasily Mikhailovich received the Khan's label for the great reign of Tver, and he decided to reduce the lot of his nephew Vsevolod. The feud ended with the fact that in 1356 Vasily and Vsevolod appealed to the court of the Moscow prince and Metropolitan Alexy. Formally, the Grand Duke and Metropolitan managed to reconcile relatives, but the enmity between them remained.

In 1357, Berdibek became khan in Horde. Together with other Russian princes, Vasily Mikhailovich and Vsevolod Aleksandrovich went to the new khan for labels. However, they traveled different roads; Vasily Tverskaya and Ivan of Moscow arrived in the Horde first and managed to set up a khan against Vsevolod Kholmsky. As a result, Berdibek did not even listen to Vsevolod, but ordered to seize him and give him to his uncle. Vassily’s squad occupied the lot of Vsevolod, and power passed to the governors of the Tver prince there. In 1358, Vsevolod fled to Lithuania. In 1359, Vsevolod Alexandrovich returned to Tver and made an honorable peace with his uncle.

In 1364 a pestilence raged in Tver, from which a number of princes and boyars died, including Vsevolod Aleksandrovich Kholmsky. The descendants of Kholm principality began to rule, and this continued until the annexation of the Tver principality of Moscow in 1486.