The flag of the RSFSR is one of the state symbols of the RSFSR . According to the Regulation on the State Flag of the RSFSR, it was "a symbol of the state sovereignty of the RSFSR, the voluntary association of the RSFSR with other equal republics into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the indestructible union of workers, peasants and intelligentsia, friendship and fraternity of workers of all the republics and nationalities building a communist society" [3] .
| State flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | |
|---|---|
| RSFSR | |
| the USSR | |
 | |
| Approved by | January 9, 1954 [1] |
| Canceled | November 1, 1991 [2] |
| Proportion | 1: 2 |
| Flag Author | V.P. Viktorov |
 Flag of the RSFSR ( 1937 - 1954 ) | |
Content
1917-1918
After the October Revolution of 1917, it became necessary to adopt the flag of the Soviet Russian Republic (formed by the decision of the II Congress of Soviets, later the name was adopted - the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic, RSFSR). According to article 1313 of the continuing naval charter of the Russian Empire of 1914, the stern flag of commercial ships and the national flag of Russia was a white-blue-red flag, the ships of the Navy carried a military flag [4], St. Andrew’s flag , guys and official flags. The very concept of the national flag did not exist in Russia.
On April 8, 1918, at a meeting of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers, Peasants, Soldiers, and Cossack Deputies, the Chairman of the Presidium of the All -Russian Central Executive Committee, Y. M. Sverdlov, was invited to declare a red flag as the flag of the Russian Republic.
The decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of April 14, 1918 “On the flag of the Russian Republic” established:
The flag of the Russian Republic sets the Red Banner with the inscription "Russian Socialist Federalist Soviet Republic" [5] .
On April 20, 1918, this flag was approved by Order No. 320 of the Navy and the Maritime Department:
... the drawing of the National and Military red flag approved by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR with the inscription "The Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic", on the basis of which all flags are to be made ... the size of the flags made must correspond to the size of the flags that are similar to it, now existing ... on small flags the above inscription is allowed do not do everything completely, but only in initial letters, for example: R.S.F.S.R. [6]
There is no information on the manufacture and use of this flag - just a red cloth was used. In this regard, in June 1918 a note was made by the German Ambassador Mirbach , which he notified that "only the red flag with the inscription" Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic "will be recognized by the Russian military and sea flag." Therefore, the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs (NKID) was commissioned to draft new flags, which was done by artists S.V. Chekhonin, N.P. Kolchanovsky and V.N. Serebryan.
On June 17, 1918, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee approved a sample image of the flag of the RSFSR, developed on behalf of the People's Commissariat of Arts by graphic artist Sergei Vasilyevich Chekhonin. The flag was a red rectangular cloth, in the upper corner of which, near the pole, the inscription "RSFSR" was placed in gold letters stylized as Slavic; this inscription from the rest of the panel was separated on two sides by gold stripes forming a rectangle. A printed sample of the flag image was accompanied by a description:
The flag of the Russian Republic is red. In the upper left corner the letters R.S.F.S.R. according to the picture. The letters are gold, but for ordinary use (home decorations, etc.), you can use yellow, reminiscent of gold in hue. The length of the flag is twice the width, the length of the rectangle for letters is two and a half times less than the length of the flag, the width of the rectangle is half that of the flag [7] .
The description and image of the flag was announced on June 16, 1918 by Order of the Navy and the Maritime Department No. 434. [8]
This flag remained unchanged until 1937.
1918 Constitution of the RSFSR
1918-1920
The draft Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the RSFSR, developed by the constitutional commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, did not contain a description of the flag.
In article 85 of the draft Constitution (Basic Law) of the RSFSR, developed by the People’s Commissariat of Justice of the RSFSR and published on July 4, 1918, it was written:
Merchant Maritime and Military Flag The Republic consists of a cloth of red (scarlet) color, in the left corner of which at the top of the shaft there are yellow letters R.S.F.S.R.
The constitutional commission created by the V All-Russian Congress of Soviets, taking as a basis the draft Constitution developed by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, supplemented it with a new chapter, which described the flag. On July 10, 1918, the Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets approved the first Constitution (Basic Law) of the RSFSR, which was published on July 19 of the same year. Article 90 of the Constitution contained a description (still in the old spelling):
Merchant, Maritime and Military Flag consists of a cloth of red (scarlet) color, in the left corner of which, at the shaft, at the top, gold letters are placed: R.S.F.S.R. or inscription: Russian Socialist Federalist Republic. [ten]
In August 1918, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee issued the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the RSFSR in a new spelling in a separate brochure, on a color insert between pages 4 and 5 of which were placed color images of the coat of arms and the flag of the RSFSR. At the same time, despite the previously approved flag pattern, the flag image was a red rectangle with a ratio of width to length 5: 8, in the upper left (corner) of which the letters P, C, F, C and P. were placed crosswise [11]
No explanation for the appearance of this pattern has been found to date and there is no evidence that at least one flag was ever made from this pattern.
1920-1925
On September 29, 1920, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a resolution (published on October 13, 1920), the text of which supplemented the Constitution of the RSFSR as Article 90a:
90a. In amending the 90th article of the Constitution of the RSFSR on the establishment of a uniform trade, sea and military flag, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decides:
1. Leave the existing sample as a military flag (red flag with gold letters R.S.F.S.R. in the upper left roof ).
2. For the merchant fleet, set a red flag with white letters R.S.F.S.R. large in the middle of the flag.
3. For the Navy, set a red flag with an anchor, a red star in the middle of it and the white letters R.S.F.S.R. at the top of the anchor. [12]
The color image of the military flag of the RSFSR was re-made, the aspect ratios of the panel were 1: 2. A description of the flag was given to the printed sample of the flag:
The flag of the Russian Republic is red. In the upper left corner of the letter R.S.F.S.R. according to the picture. The letters are gold, as are the 2 sides (bottom and right) of the rectangle in which they are placed. The length of the flag is twice the width, the length of the rectangle for letters is two and a half times less than the length of the flag, the width of the rectangle is half that of the flag.
1925 Decree on the Use of the State Flag of the RSFSR
On March 23, 1925, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR adopted a decree “On the Procedure for Using the State Flag of the RSFSR with Institutions, Organizations and Private Individuals”, which was the first to establish the name “State Flag of the RSFSR” and determine the procedure for its use.
It was established that constantly the state flag of the RSFSR was to be hoisted on the buildings of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, as well as on the buildings of all the executive committees of local councils.
In addition, the state flag of the RSFSR was prescribed to be hoisted on the buildings where the All-Russian and local congresses of councils are held, as well as the All-Russian Central Executive Committee session - during the congress or session.
On the buildings of other state and local bodies (people's commissariats, departments of local executive committees), as well as on the buildings of state enterprises of the RSFSR and their associations, the state flag of the RSFSR was prescribed to be raised only on the days of all-proletarian, all-Union, republican and local festivals and celebrations.
On the buildings of all other state, professional, cooperative and other public organizations, institutions and enterprises during the days of general proletarian and all-Union holidays and celebrations, it was ordered to raise a red (or scarlet) flag without inscriptions and signs.
At the same time, for individuals, private institutions, enterprises and organizations there was no obligation to hang out on days of general proletariat and all-Union holidays and celebrations. [13]
1925 Constitution of the RSFSR
The use of the concept of “national flag” was reinforced by the new Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the RSFSR adopted on May 11, 1925 at the XII All-Russian Congress of Soviets, in which the flag was described below:
§ 88. The national flag of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic consists of a red (scarlet) color panel, in the left corner of which, at the top of the flagpole, are placed the gold letters “R.S.F. S.P.” [14] .
At the same time, the image of the flag, established in 1918, remained unchanged. [15]
1937 Constitution of the RSFSR
1937-1954
On January 21, 1937 , the Extraordinary XVII Congress of Soviets approved the new Constitution (Basic Law) of the RSFSR, which read:
Article 149. The state flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic consists of a red panel, in the left corner of which, at the top of the flagpole, are placed the golden letters "RSFSR". [sixteen]
The Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of April 1, 1937 approved a new sample of the image of the State Flag of the RSFSR, developed on behalf of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee by artist A. N. Milkin. Unlike the RSFSR flag of the previous model, the new flag did not have a roof surrounded by gold lines, and the abbreviation of the name of the republic was plotted in ordinary font, without dividing points.
1954-1978
In February 1947, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of the SSR adopted a decree recommending that the Union SSR develop and adopt new state flags. In order for them to express the idea of a union state, it was proposed to use the symbols of the State Flag of the USSR, that is, a gold sickle and a hammer and a red, five-pointed star bordered with gold, and also to maintain the predominance of red on the flags of the Union republics. The national, historical and cultural features of each republic were instructed to express with the rest of the colors and the order of their arrangement, as well as the placement of the national ornament. According to the project of the artist Valentin Petrovich Viktorov, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of January 9, 1954 [17] [1] approved the new State Flag of the RSFSR. The Law of the RSFSR of June 2, 1954 approved this Decree and the description of the flag was included in article 149 of the Constitution (Basic Law) of the RSFSR [18] :
The national flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic consists of a red panel with a light blue [ sic ] strip at the flagpole over the full width of the flag. The light blue stripe is one eighth of the length of the flag. In the upper left corner of the red panel are the golden sickle and hammer and above them a red five-pointed star framed by a gold border. The ratio of the width of the flag to the length is 1: 2.
On December 23, 1955, the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR approved the Regulation on the State Flag of the RSFSR: [19]
... 2. The national flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic is a red rectangular cloth with a light blue stripe at the flagpole over the full width of the flag, which is 1/8 of the flag's length. In the upper left corner of the red panel are the golden sickle and hammer and above them a red five-pointed star framed by a gold border. The ratio of the width of the flag to the length is 1: 2.
Sickle and hammer fit into a square, the side of which is 1/4 of the width of the flag. The sharp end of the sickle falls in the middle of the upper side of the square, the handle of the sickle and hammer rest against the lower corners of the square. The length of the hammer with a handle is 3/4 of the diagonal of the square.
The five-pointed star fits into a circle with a diameter of 1/8 of the flag width, touching the upper side of the square.
The distance of the vertical axis of the star, sickle and hammer from the shaft is 2/5 of the flag width. The distance from the top of the flag to the center of the star is 1/8 of the width of the flag.
The flag design of the RSFSR of 1954-1991 lies at the heart of the flags of a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Vladimir , Volgograd regions, Altai Territory , Kemerovo region and a number of municipalities, for example, the city of Orel .
RSFSR Constitution of 1978
On April 12, 1978, a session of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR approved the new Constitution (Basic Law) of the RSFSR with a description of the State Flag of the RSFSR:
... Article 181. The state flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic is a red rectangular cloth with a light blue stripe at the flagpole over the entire width of the flag, which is one eighth of the flag's length. In the upper left corner of the red panel are the golden sickle and hammer and above them a red five-pointed star framed by a gold border. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 1: 2. [20]
On January 22, 1981, by a Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, the new version of the Regulation on the State Flag of the RSFSR [3] was approved, in the drawings of the flag in which a star, a sickle and a hammer were not depicted on the back of the cloth (there was no mention of this in the text of the Regulation).
1991-1993
The national flag of the RSFSR from November 1, 1991, after renaming the RSFSR to the Russian Federation, remained its national flag until December 11, 1993
On August 22, 1991, the Supreme Council of the RSFSR decided [21] :
Until the new state symbols of the Russian Federation are established by special law, consider the historical flag of Russia - the flag of equal horizontal white, azure, scarlet stripes - the official national flag of the Russian Federation.
On November 1, 1991, the white-azure flag was set by the State Flag of the RSFSR by amending the description of the state flag in the Constitution (Basic Law) of the RSFSR [22] [23] . The state flag of the RSFSR established a rectangular panel with equal horizontal stripes: the upper strip is white, the middle is azure and the lower is scarlet. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 1: 2. But the amendments to the “Regulation on the State Flag of the RSFSR” of 1955 were not made, since the adoption of a completely new Regulation on the State Flag of the Russian Federation was being prepared [24] .
On December 25, 1991, by decision of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, the name of the state of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was changed to the name of the Russian Federation [25] . By a law of April 24, 1992 No. 2708-I, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation amended the Constitution of the RSFSR : in all its articles, which mentioned the name of the republic, including the 181st article describing the State Flag, it was replaced by the name "Russian Federation" (in the corresponding case).
On the eve of the adoption of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation on December 12, 1993, which established the modern state structure of the Russian Federation , on December 11, 1993, President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin signed Decree No. 2126 “On the State Flag of the Russian Federation” [26] , which approved the Regulation on The State Flag of the Russian Federation and the Regulation on the State Flag of the RSFSR, approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of December 23, 1955 [27], was recognized as invalid.
See also
- Coat of arms of the RSFSR
- Russian flag
- Flags of the Altai Territory , Kemerovo and Vladimir Regions, the cities of Orel and Kemerovo - the flag of the RSFSR of 1954 is based
- USSR flag
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 V.A. Sokolov. Symbols of state sovereignty. - Saratov: Publishing house of the Saratov University, 1969. - S. 10. - 309 p. - “The flag was adopted by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of January 9, 1954”
- ↑ C 22.08 . 1991 to 01.11 . 1991 was used in parallel with the National flag of the Russian Federation (introduced by the Decree of the Armed Forces of the RSFSR of August 22, 1991 No. 1627-1 / I for the period "until the special law establishes the new state symbols of the Russian Federation")
- ↑ 1 2 Regulation on the state flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (approved by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 12.23.1955) - Legislation of the USSR .
- ↑ "1284. Military flag - a white flag with a blue St. Andrew's cross; revered as a banner in the regiment, and all employees on the ship must guard this flag to the last drop of blood, like a banner of the Russian Sovereign. The military flag on the ships flies on a hafel or stern flagpole. " Maritime charter ed. 1901 (excerpts from Google Books: [1] , [2]
- ↑ Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of April 14, 1918 “On the Flag of the Russian Republic” (“Collection of Legalizations of the RSFSR”, 1918, No. 31, p. 415; “News of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee”, No. 74, 04/14/1918)
- ↑ Order of the Fleet and the Maritime Department on April 20, 1918 No. 320, cit. by: A.N. Basov. The history of naval flags. - M. - AST, 2004 .-- S. 89. - 310 p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-022747-7 .
- ↑ Kiselev G.F., Speransov N.N. Emblems of the world and labor. - M.: Politizdat, 1968.- p. 51
- ↑ Order of the Fleet and the Maritime Department on June 16, 1918 No. 434, op. by: A.N. Basov. The history of naval flags. - M. - AST, 2004 .-- S. 90. - 310 p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-022747-7 .
- ↑ Album of flags and pennants of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Union Soviet republics and foreign states. / Comp. K. Dunin-Borkovsky - M., 1923.
- ↑ Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918 .
- ↑ Ivanchenko A.V. The Hammer and Sickle Union: State Symbols of the RSFSR. - M .: Owls. Russia, 1987. - Page 99
- ↑ Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of October 13, 1920 “On the Establishment of a Commercial, Maritime and Military Flag” in the book: Collection of Legalizations and Orders of the Government of the RSFSR, 1920, No. 82, cit. by: Vexillological guide to the flags of the Russian Empire and the USSR / comp. Sokolov V.A.-M.: MGIU, 2002, ISBN 5-276-00240-1 , P.482
- ↑ Collection of legalizations and orders of the government of the RSFSR.- 1925, No. 20, cit. by: Vexillological guide to the flags of the Russian Empire and the USSR, T. 1 / comp. Sokolov V.A. - M .: MGIU, 2002, ISBN 5-276-00240-1 , pp. 487—488
- ↑ s: Constitution of the RSFSR (1925)
- ↑ Ivanchenko A.V. The Hammer and Sickle Union: State Symbols of the RSFSR. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1987. - Page 107
- ↑ Russian Empire - Constitution of the RSFSR 1937
- ↑ Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of January 9, 1954 “On the State Flag of the RSFSR”
- ↑ Law of the RSFSR of June 2, 1954 “On the State Flag of the RSFSR”
- ↑ Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of December 23, 1955 “On the Approval of the Regulations on the State Flag of the RSFSR”.
- ↑ Constitution of the RSFSR as amended on April 12, 1978 .
- ↑ Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of August 22, 1991 No. 1627 / I-I “On the Official Recognition and Use of the National Flag of the RSFSR”
- ↑ Law of the RSFSR of November 1, 1991 No. 1827-I “On Amendments and Additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the RSFSR”
- ↑ Article 181 of the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
- ↑ Kommersant Newspaper - Parliament
- ↑ Law of the RSFSR of December 25, 1991 No. 2094-1 “On changing the name of the state of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic”
- ↑ Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 11, 1993 No. 2126 “On the State Flag of the Russian Federation”. Archived on April 28, 2014.
- ↑ The text of the Decree erroneously indicates the year the Regulations were issued - 1953, but this does not give rise to legal consequences.
Literature
- An album of flags and pennants of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Union Soviet republics and foreign states. According to the materials of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs and the Staff of the Commander of the Naval Forces of the Republic / Comp. K. Dunin-Borkovsky - M .: People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR, 1923.