The Drutsk Gospel is a manuscript monument of the East Slavic writing of the 14th century.
Content
Location
From the marginal records it is evident that the Gospel was first in the Cathedral of the Holy Virgin in Drutsk , then at the Vilnius city dweller Konon, then at the Novgorod archbishop Theodosius Yanovsky. Subsequently, academician M.N. Tikhomirov , studied by him. In 1965 , the academician handed over his collection of chronicles and ancient manuscripts to the library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , where the gospel is now located.
There is a photocopy of the Gospel in the scientific library of the NAS of Belarus.
Contents
It is written in Church Slavonic bylaws on 376 parchment pages in a “sheet” format. Text in two columns of 25-28 lines each. One screen saver and 54 initials made by cinnabar.
Important cultural and historical significance are the records at the end of the manuscript, testifying to the existence of Drutsk already in the X century. and the construction in it in 1001 of the first church. M. N. Tikhomirov wrote: “The record of prince Vasily Mikhailovich Drutsk is a letter of merit given to the Church of the Virgin in Drutsk in the village of Moravianichi, which the prince gives to the church with people and with all incomes, with fields and meadows ...” [1] . That is, this is an indication that Christianity came to Belarus no later than 13 years after the adoption of Christianity in Kiev . On the last page is a record of the fourteenth century:
“In the summer of 6509, the speed of the church was set upon by the Holy Mother of God in the city of Drujec, and in her daily service, by the grace of God and His Most Holy Mother and the servant of God, Prince Vasily Mikhailovich and his princess Vasilisa. And I laid the Divine Gospel with my wife and bound him. May the Holy Mother of God give the village of Moravianichi with all the people, and with honey tribute, and with villages, and with meadows that belong to that village .... Yes, he gave the Holy Virgin the tithe from his village from Vidinich from bread. And after my death, I should not intervene (in my gift) neither to my children, nor to my tiuns, or to any other violator. And who begins to intervene, he will give an answer to God at the Last Judgment. And what kind of person sits on the ground in Torotvyn, he gives 5 pounds of honey to the mallow for the memorial services of the Holy Virgin. Yes, I gave Yakimovolukno, a half-moon on Khudav, as a keepsake. And you, my children, would remember me for this, but you wouldn’t change my words ... ”
Scientists Opinion on the Drutsk Gospel
Novosibirsk professor L. G. Panin claims that the Drutsk Gospel was not born in Drutsk, but in Novgorod, and its language should not be identified with the Church Slavonic with the Belarusian bias, for the scribes "did not distinguish between graphemes" c "and" h ": in the text you can find phrases like “pagan” and “pagan”, and “son of man” can be written as “sn chlvts” and how “sn chlvch”, “?” (“yat”) goes into “i”, and on the contrary, “yat” and “i” turn into “and.” [2] His Belarusian opponent Irina Budko defines these linguistic features as local, in arising under the influence of neighboring lands [3] .
In the "Consolidated catalog of Slavic-Russian manuscript books stored in Russia, the CIS and Baltic countries. XIV century ”(M .: Indrik, 2002. S. 330—331) the existence of Drutsk in 6509 (1001) is questioned. The authors of the catalog believe: in the Gospel, the date 6909 (i.e. 1401) is illegible.
See also
- List of Gospels Apracos
Notes
- ↑ Tikhomirov M.N. Description of the Tikhomirovsky manuscript collection. - M., 1968, p. 9-10.
- ↑ Panin L.G. The Drutsk Gospel of the 14th century (To the study of the language and composition of the Readings) // Bulletin of Novosibirsk State University. Series: history, philology. T. 2. Issue. 1: Philology / Novosib. state un-t Novosibirsk, 2003.152 s.
- ↑ Old-age polatsk evangelical apracas: linguistic and technical admetnasti / Budzko I. U. // Sіmyaon Polatskі: light goggle, Gramadska-palіtychnaya і literary dzeynastц: (materials of the Third International Navukai kanferentsy, 19–20 listapada 2009): yes 380-year-old Sіmyaon Polatskaga, s. 5―18
Literature
- Shtykhov G.V. Cities of Polotsk land (IX — XIII centuries). - Mn., 1978;
- Drutsk are elderly. - Mn., 2000;
- Drutsk Letapisny. Drutskay Evangelle: [Zbornik / Redkal: U. P. Andreichanka іnsh .. - Mn. : Bel. Encekl., 2001. - 286, [2] p. 550 copies ISBN 985-11-0185-0 (at the lane): B.ts .;
- Drutsk Letapis. Drutskay Gospel. - Mn., 2001.