"The Gray Reverend " in the picture of Jerome
Gray cardinal - this is the name of influential people (especially in politics ), acting behind the scenes and usually not occupying formal positions with such powers. The power of the “ shadow government ” is called cryptocracy .
Content
- 1 The origin of the concept
- 2 History Examples
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
- 5 Links
The origin of the concept
France during the formal reign of the monarch Louis XIII was actually actually ruled by Cardinal Richelieu (who was called the “red cardinal” because of the color of the cap placed on the cardinal ), who was not officially held by Father Joseph , who was nicknamed the “gray cardinal”, because he was a monk of the Order of the Capuchins , wearing a gray robe [1] . The novel The Three Musketeers says: "His name was pronounced only in a whisper."
History Examples
- In German history, the term “gray cardinal” was assigned to diplomat Friedrich von Holstein , who, without taking any noticeable positions, determined the course of German foreign policy in 1890-1906. [2]
- In the early 2000s, the “gray cardinal of the Kremlin” was called [3] by Alexander Voloshin , who previously held the post of head of the Presidential Administration . Then, throughout the 2000s, the “gray cardinal of the Kremlin” was called [4] Vladislav Surkov , deputy head of the Presidential Administration .
Notes
- ↑ Why does it say that? Eminenza grigia on italingua.ru unopened (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment November 15, 2018. Archived on September 28, 2007.
- ↑ Friedrich von Holstein (German statesman) - Encyclopedia Britannica
- ↑ Voloshin emerged from the shadows: the “gray cardinal” will head RAO UES // Pravda.ru , 03/23/2004
- ↑ “The Gray Cardinal of the Kremlin” Vladislav Surkov resigned // BBC Russian Service , 05/08/2013
Literature
- Kokoshin A.A. , Rogov S.M. Gray Cardinals of the White House. - M.: Publishing House of the News Agency , 1986.
- Medvedev R. , Ermakov D. Gray Cardinal M.A. Suslov. Political portrait. - M., 1992.
- Schwarzkopf B. S. Gray Cardinal (unavailable link from 05/26/2013 [2317 days] - history , copy ) // Russian Speech Journal, 1991, No. 4.