Aikibudo

The origin of the term goes back to the name of its martial art given by Morihei Ueshiba in 1922 ^[4] , which he replaced with Aikido in 1942.

The name consists of four characters having the following meanings:

• Ai ( 合 Ai ) - “harmony, unification, love, compassion”;
• Ki ( 気 Ki ) - “life energy, spirit, strength”;
• Bu ( 武 Bu ) - “courage, courage, militancy”;
• To ( 道 Dō ) - "the way, the road, go."

Most often, Aikibudo is translated as: “The path of harmonious unification of the military spirit and life energy”, “Walking in a military way in harmony with life energy”, “Cultivating life energy by combining compassion and belligerence”, “Spirit of love on the way of a warrior” or “Spirit of compassion” on the way of a warrior. "

Aikibudo was created on the basis of three schools of martial arts: Yoseikan aikido , Daito-ryu Aiki-jujutsu and Tenshin Shoden Katori Shinto Ryu .

The Daito-ryu style ( Jap. 大 東流 ) was founded in the 11th century by the master Minamoto-no Yoshimitsu , an outstanding Japanese military leader. Toward the end of his life, he was appointed governor of Kai Province , where one of his descendants founded the famous Takeda family, which actively developed various fighting techniques. Its most famous representative was the famous commander Takeda Shingen .

By the end of the 19th century (the last years of the Edo period ), the history of bloody wars between clans ended. Along with this, the process of disarmament of the samurai began . Then Mr. Saigo Tanomo ( Jap. 西 郷 頼 母 , 1830 - 1903), a cannushi and a samurai , decided to teach non-members of his clan his techniques. One of them was Takeda Sokaku , who, returning to Aizu province, studied aiki-jutsu techniques from the master Tanomo ^[5] . In 1898, he formalized the entire military heritage and named it Daito -ryu Jujutsu ( Jap. 大 東流 柔 術 ), later renamed Daito-ryu Aiki-jujutsu , and, thanks to his outstanding skill, widely glorified it ^[6] .

From 1920 to 1931, Takeda Sokaku taught his art to Morihei Ueshiba , who by 1942 based on his knowledge in Daito-ryu Aiki-jutsu , jujutsu and ken-jutsu forms a new martial art - Aikido ^[7] . From 1922 to 1942, Ueshiba called the new martial art of aikibudo ^[4] . During this period, aikibudo in 1931, Minor Motizuki ^[8] came to study with Morihei Ueshiba, who subsequently played a significant role in popularizing aikido in France . In 1951, he was sent to Europe with an official cultural mission. For two and a half years, he introduced Europeans to the art of his teacher and his achievements, calling it “Aikido Jujutsu” ^[9] , thereby contributing to the development of the largest aikido community outside Japan ^[10] . Among his students was a young French judoka, Jim Alcheik ( French: Jim Alcheik ), who in 1954 followed his teacher into the land of the rising sun and continued his studies at the Yoseikan dojo ( Jap. 養 正 館 ) ^[9] .

In 1958, Jim Alshaik, who returned from Japan at the request of Minoru Motizuki, officially introduced Yoseikan Aikido in France and created the French Federation of Aikido, Taijutsu and Kendo ( English French Federation of Aikido, Taijutsu and Kendo , FFATK) ^[11] . One of his assistants is Alan Floquet (born in 1938). In 1962, during the war for the independence of Algeria, Jim Alsheik dies. To secure the future of aikido jujutsu in France, Alan Floquet contacts Minoru Motizuki, who sends his son Hiroo to Paris ( 望月 広 雄 ). For two years, Hiroo Mochizuki has been teaching Floquet. In 1966, Alan was appointed technical director of the Aikido Yoseikan school in France ^[1] . In 1973 he created CERA ( French Center International de l'Aikibudo , "International Aikibudo Center") ^[12] .

In 1978, the master Minoru Motizuki awarded Alan the 7th dan and the title of Kyoshi , thereby recognizing his significant merit ^[13] .

In 1980, Alan Floquet renewed relations with the main school and with Daito-ryu aiki-jujutsu heir Takeda Tokimune ( Japanese я 時 宗 ), the son of Takeda Sokaku . Based on his knowledge, his teaching style and practice in such styles as Yoseikan Aikido, Katori Shinto-ryu and Aiki-jujutsu , Alan, having secured the full support of the Motijutsuki master, decides to create his own school and calls it “Aikibudo” ^[11] .

On July 3, 1983, aikibudo unites with aikido to form the French Federation of Aikido, Aikibudo and Analogues ( Fédération Française Aïkido, Aïkibudo et Affinitaires , FFAAA) as a joint discipline ^{[14] [15]} . Since then, thanks to the efforts of master Alan Floquet, this art has been developing worldwide.

Aikibudo is a martial art that incorporates the teachings of ancient Japanese martial arts schools . The philosophy of this combat system, based on the name, is a search for the meaning of life by the method of self-improvement and knowledge based on the understanding of martial art . As in many other martial arts schools in Aikibudo, the principle of Aiki is used - the union of energies, the unity of the person’s internal abilities to achieve excellence ^[16] .

In Aikibudo there are many movements aimed at advancing the enemy, the purpose of which is to stop the strike or capture at its first stage, when it has not yet gained maximum power ^[16] .

Respect for the integrity of the partner is a fundamental principle in the art of Aikibudo.

Both the attacker and the defender are called “partners” and not “opponents”. During the development of the technique, the participants (striker - Tory , defending - uke ) constantly change roles, due to which there are no concepts of a winner and a loser in the classes, and, accordingly, there is no competition. Nevertheless, in Aikibudo there are randori , which allow free sparring to practice techniques, test skills and develop combat reflexes .

Depending on the qualifications of aikibudoka , a student’s ( kyu ) or workshop ( dan ) degree may be assigned to him.

In total, there are 6 kyu in Aikibudo: the youngest level is the 6th kyu, the oldest is the 1st kyu ^[16] .

Mostly white and black belts ( obi ) are used, however, there may be differences depending on the country and aikibudo federation ^{[16] [17]} . Wearing a black belt and hakama is allowed only to owners of the 1st dan and above.

Raising the rank is possible by passing specialized tests. There is a program of necessary technical skills for each degree, approved by the International Aikibudo Federation ^[18] . Some clubs add their own disciplines to the standard requirements. A new degree is awarded by the certification committee conducting the exam. Trainees who received a black belt are called yudansa ( 有 段 者 ) .

The basic aikibudo basic technique includes the following sections:

Etiquette and Greetings

Like any other school of oriental martial arts, aikibudo has its own set of rules and etiquette. Each lesson begins with the following steps:

1. Seiza - sitting position on heels, the team "sit down";
2. Shomen ni ray - bow in the direction of somen (the front of the dojo , where the portrait of the founder of the school is installed);
3. Sensei no ray - bow to Sensei ;
4. Otagai no ray - bow to each other;
5. Kiritsu - the climb team.

Hojo Undo

Hojo Undo ( 補助 運動 ) - various training exercises. In these exercises, the correct work of the body develops in order to beat the partner’s effort by correctly and timely performing the movements of the body, without using physical strength . Includes the following elements:

• Nigiri Kaeshi - based on the movement of liberation from the grip of the wrist with two hands (Riote Ippo Dori) followed by a similar grip of the partner's hand;
• Neji Kaeshi - includes the release of the lock of the elbow of the straight arm and the transition to the same lock of the arm of the partner, alternately in repeated mode;
• Axis of Kaesi - liberation from a strong grip on Riote Dori (grabbing both wrists) due to a powerful push towards the partner, accompanied by an outburst of energy without interception or with the interception of his hands;
• Zupppari - blocking a powerful push at the chest level due to oncoming movement;
• Shinogi - abduction of a direct punch into the face with the same hand with a subsequent attack with the same hand.

Tai Sabaki

Tai sabaki ( Jap. 体 捌 き , "body control") - movement of the body . This section is divided into two parts: single movements and work with a partner (de-equilibrium inputs). In single movements, the main thing is training a sense of balance and the ability to control your center of gravity in motion. In working with a partner, it is necessary to learn, through the correct and timely movement of the body , to win the center of gravity of the partner, and due to this, to unbalance him.

The Tai Sabaki complex in Aikibudo is as follows ^[19] :

• Nagashi - a shift by the turn to the side at 45 degrees to the line of attack of the opponent;
• Irimi - a shift in the direction of the front at 45 degrees in parallel to the line of attack of the opponent;
• O-irimi - entrance with a turn, in parallel to the line of attack of the opponent;
• Hiraki - displacement in steps to the side;
• Hickey - offset back from the opponent.

Ukami

Ukemi ( 受 け 身 ) - self-insurance techniques. From the very first lesson, beginners of aikibudok are taught the correct fall before moving on to the study of throwing techniques. The main types of ukemi studied in aikibudo ^[19] :

• Mae ukemi - somersault forward;
• Usiro Ukemi - somersault back;
• Yoko Ukemi - fall, or somersault, to the side.

Impact technique

Impact technique in aikibudo is studied both by individual techniques of punches and kicks, and in the form of kata . Strikes can be applied to various parts of the body, so the following terms are used to determine the direction:

• Jodan - upper level (upper body, face);
• Tudan - the average level (usually the abdomen);
• Hadan is the lower level (usually the level of the hips).

Tsuki Vase

Tsuki vase ( 突 き 技 ) - shock technique with hands. Includes ^[19] :

• Choku tsuki - a direct punch;
• Kosi tsuki - a direct punch with a fist (or sword ) from the back of the rack with a pronounced movement of the hips;
• Hiki tsuki - a punch strike with a fist (or knife ) with the movement of the hips in the opposite direction;
• Jun uti - back chopping fist;
• Hinari uti - elbow strike with twisting of the joint;
• Gyaku tsuki - a back chopping fist with the hips turned in the opposite direction;
• Omote yoko man uti - a side chopping blow that is applied from the side of the partner’s face, that is, from the inside;
• Hurray yoko man uti - back side chopping blow.

Gary Vase

Gary vaza ( 蹴 り 技 ) - kick technique. When performing kicks, it is necessary to pay great attention to the position of balance, since during the kick, only one leg is supported. And just like in punching, you need to learn how to put body weight in a punch.

• Mae Gary - direct kick;
• Mawashi gary - circular kick;
• Hurray mawashi geri - reverse circular kick;
• Yoko geri - side kick;
• Usiro Gary - kick back;
• Hitsui geri - knee kick;
• Hiza gary - knee hit in the head after capture.

Kata

In aikibudo there are three shock kata :

• Tsuki uti no kata - a set of percussion techniques with hands;
• Happoken kata - a set of percussion techniques with hands in eight directions ( happō - “eight”);
• Gary goho no kata - a complex of percussion techniques with legs in five directions ( goho - “five directions”).

Te Walkers

Te walkers ( 手 解 き ) - liberation from captures . In aikibudo, the following gripping techniques are being studied ^{[19] [20]} :

• Junte dori - grabbing the wrist outside with the opposite hand;
• Dosokute dori - grabbing the wrist from the inside with the same hand;
• Gyakute dori - grabbing the wrists from the inside with the opposite hand;
• Ryoté dori - grabbing both wrists outside;
• Ryote Ippo Dori - two-handed grip of the wrist;
• Sode dori - gripping the sleeve above the elbow;
• Riosode dori - capture with two hands at the sleeves at the elbow;
• Mae eri dori - capture by the lapel of the jacket;
• Muna Dori - capture of two lapels of the jacket with one hand;
• Osira riote dori - grabbing both hands outside (hands close);
• Usiro uvate dori - girth over arms;
• Usiro sitate dori - girth at hand;
• Usira eri dori - one-handed collar capture;
• Usira katate dori eri shime - choking hold with simultaneous lock of an elbow of an outstretched arm.

Kihon Osae Vase

Kihon osaye vase ( 基本 抑 え 技 ) is a basic technique of control and retention. This section summarizes the basic principles of opponent retention. The kihon osaye vase is a complex of 6 basic techniques designed to knock down an opponent on the floor and immobilize it by grabbing a joint, performed alternately in the form of a pair of kata.

• Usiro Hiji Kudaki - “breaking the elbow”, twisting the elbow joint ;
• Rosobe - a fracture of the elbow;
• Kote Kudaki - fracture of the wrists ;
• Yuki Tigae - “cross without meeting,” a fracture of the forearm;
• Siho Nage - fracture of the wrists in four directions;
• Mukae Taoism - throw back with a turn of the head of the enemy in his direction.

Kihon nage vase

Kihon nage waza ( Japanese 基本 投 げ 技 ) is a complex of 7 basic throwing techniques performed by partners in turn with one and the other hand strictly along the line in the form of a kata ^[19] :

• Mukae Daosi - “throw with the oncoming entrance”, that is, back with the head of the enemy turning in its direction;
• Siho Nage - throwing the enemy’s arm back with a bend, simultaneously affecting the shoulder and elbow joints and hand ;
• Yuki Tigae - throw with a fracture of the forearm;
• Kote Gaesi - throw roll using a brush;
• Tembin Nage - throw by pain on the elbow;
• Hati Mawashi - throw back by turning the head of the enemy in relation to his body;
• Kosi Nage - throw through the hip .

Wa no seishin

Va no seishin ( 和 の 精神 , "divine energy") implies the perfect interaction of partners. It trains pure movement without physical strength and pain. It requires a lot of attention from both partners when performing the movement.

Randory

Randori - free fight, sparring . The Randory section trains the fluency in Aikibudo techniques in various situations against one or more partners, both unarmed and with weapons.

By the number of partners ^[11] :

• Ju no Randori - “soft randori”, one against one;
• Futari no Randori - one against two;
• Taninzu no Radnori - one against several.

For technical performance ^[11] :

• Buki Dori Randori and Emono Dori Randori - Randori against armed partners;
• Jiyu no Radnori - a free-style randori;
• Futari Dory Randori - double capture from the randori (simultaneous capture by two opponents);
• Go no Randori - randori after an attack;
• Ippon Dory Randori - Randory one against one opponent (from grip);
• Kakari Randori - one partner attacks continuously, the other defends.

Daito-ryu Aiki-jujutsu

The first section of the techniques of the ancient Daito-ryu Aiki-jujutsu school is included in the Aikibudo exam program. Paired kata of 10 elements of Ikaze Idoori , performed on the lap ( Suvari Wadza ). The first dan program includes half (the first 5 elements) of this kata.

The aikibudo program includes training in working with various types of weapons, grouped under the term kobudo . Most of them are the heritage of the Katori Shinto Ryu School.

Aikibudo practice includes working with the following weapons ^{[21] [22]} :

• Long sword ( bokken , katana , aito );
• Short sword ( kodati , wakizashi , bo-kodati);
• The combined use of two swords ( ryoto );
• Stick ( bo , tonfa );
• Dagger ( tanto );
• Spear ( yari );
• Glaive ( naginata ).

• In the book of Aikibudo by Alan Floquet, this word is used not only as the name of the school, but also very narrowly - as the name of the section of the same name. There is also a widespread use of the word Aiki-jutsu as a synonym, that is, in relation also to the Daito-ryu school , but not in relation to Aikido schools (with the explanation that, although the word aikibudo in France is often also called aikido , similar use of the term is incorrect).

• Aikido
• Aiki jutsu
• Jujutsu
• Tensin Shoden Katori Shinto Ryu

• Alan Floquet. Aikibudo / translation by E. Gupalo, P. Fedorov. - Moscow : Fair-Press, 2000 .-- 252 p. - ISBN 5-8183-0015-3 .
• Alain Floquet. De l'Aikibudo Modern al 'Aikibudo du debutant au Yudansha 1 dan. - Paris : Judogi, 1986.
• Yaroslav Sodritsov “Aikibudo” articles and methodological developments for the Interregional Federation of Aikibudo, 2009—2011

• FIAB Website
• Website of the International Aikibudo Federation
• Website of the Interregional Federation of Aikibudo in Russia and the CIS