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Perseus

Persey ( ancient Greek Περσεύς ) - the hero of ancient Greek mythology . His mother Danae was imprisoned in an underground dungeon, when Zeus penetrated to her in the form of a golden rain, leaking through the wall. The king of Argos, Acrisius , the father of Danae, did not believe this legend, and fearing the prophecy that he would die by the hand of his grandson, threw his daughter with a child in a box in the sea. They were nailed to the island of Serifos .

Perseus
Περσεύς
Persus-with-the-head-of-med.jpg
Perseus with the head of Medusa the Gorgon. Antonio Canova . Vatican
MythologyAncient greek mythology
Greek writingdr.-greek Περσεύς
Floormale
FatherZeus
MotherDanaya
Brother-
SpouseAndromeda
ChildrenPerce , Alcay , Sphenel , , Mestor , Electrician , Gorgofon
Attributeswinged sandals, mirror shield

In order to deliver the head of the Medusa Gorgon to the local ruler, Poldekta, Perseus, who had matured, agreed to go on a long hike. With the help of Athens , Hermes and Hephaestus, he managed to defeat the monster. On the way back, Perseus saved Andromeda , whom he took as his wife.

According to ancient Greek beliefs, Perseus was the ancestor of the Persian people , as well as the founder of Mycenae . The mythological plots associated with Perseus were reflected not only in ancient frescoes and sculptures, but also in the works of the greatest artists and sculptors of the Renaissance and Modern times , among whom were Benvenuto Cellini , Antonio Canova and others.

Content

Myths

Origin

 
Danae . Rembrandt Hermitage .

The king of Argos, Acrisius, turned to the oracle with the question of whether he would have a male heir. Through the pythia , the answer was given that Acrisia Danaë’s daughter would have a son who would kill him. Then the king of Argos imprisoned his daughter in an underground dungeon. According to the most common myth, the supreme god Zeus fell in love with the captive, turned into a golden rain and leaked into the dungeon to Danae. After that, Danaë gave birth to Perseus. Frightened, Acrisius placed his daughter and grandson in a drawer and ordered him to be pounded firmly, and then thrown into the sea [1] [2] [3] [4] .

The box floated towards the island of Serifos , where he was caught by the fisherman Diktis . According to one version, he raised little Perseus [1] , and according to another, he took Polydekt to the king of the island, who gave the boy to Athens for education in the temple [2] [4] .

Start the journey. Killing the Gorgon Medusa

 
Athena hands Perseus a mirror shield. Frederick the Great is allegorically depicted in Perseus. Bernhard Rode . 1789. Berlin .

According to the most common myth, King Polidekt fell in love with Danae. Fearing the opposition of the matured Perseus, he decided to send him on a deadly mission. Convening close people, as well as his son Danae, the king announced that he wanted to woo the daughter of Enomai Hippodamia and needed help [5] . Enomay demanded that the suitors compete with him in chariot racing. At first, he gave them the opportunity to get ahead, and after catching up and killing him with a spear in the back [6] . While all the others offered their horses to the king, Perseus said that for Polidekt he would get not only horses, but also the head of Medusa Gorgon . The king caught Perseus on the word and sent to extract the promised [5] [4] .

 
Ancient Roman fresco "Perseus with the head of Medusa the Gorgon." Villa San Marco in Stabiae . I century BC. er

Perseus in his endeavors helped Athena, Hermes [7] and Hephaestus . From the gods he received weapons [to 1] and advice [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [4] . According to Pindar, at the beginning of the journey to the Gorgons, the hero visited the mythical country Hyperborea , where he participated in the hecatomb (solemn sacrifice) of donkeys Apollo [15] . Before he fought Medusa Gorgon, he went to the extreme west to the old women of the grays . These sisters had one tooth and one eye for three, which they alternately exchanged. After Perseus stole the eyes, the old women were forced to give the hero three magical things - sandals with wings , a bag that increased or decreased in size depending on the size of the thing they put in it, as well as an invisible hat. In addition, they showed him the path to the gorgons [5] [16] [4] .

In full armor, Perseus arrived at the sleeping gorgons. Along the way, he saw many petrified people and animals turned into statues from looking at serpent-haired monsters. Of the three sisters, only Medusa was mortal. Looking at her in a shield polished to a mirror shine, Perseus cut off the gorgone's head and hid it in a magic bag. The winged horse Pegasus and the warrior Hrisaor appeared from the body of the slain. The awakened sisters-gorgons and Sfeno could not find Perseus, who wore an invisible cap [17] [5] [18] [4] .

Meeting Atlanta

 
Engraving of which depicts Perseus and Atlant

According to the myth stated in Ovid 's Metamorphoses , after the victory over Medusa, Perseus fell into the realm of Atlanta . It was located on the most western edge of the earth, where “the sun of the horses with weary waters gives space and tired axles accepts ”. In this land grew a grove of trees with golden branches and fruits. Pythia predicted the lord of the western region that " Time will come, Atlas, and the gold will be robbed of the tree, and the best part will go to Zeus's son ." Remembering the prophecy, Atlanta enclosed a golden grove with a wall and set the guardian of a dragon. Moreover, he did not allow any of the foreigners to visit his possessions [19] [20] .

Perseus arrived to Atlanta, not planning any theft - he asked only that hospitality and the opportunity to rest. Atlas, however, remembering the prophecy of Pythia, with threats threatened to leave the uninvited guest. Perseus, seeing that he was significantly inferior to the giant in strength, pulled out the head of the slain Medusa Gorgon and showed Atlanta. From this, he turned into stone: his hair with a beard turned into forests, shoulders and arms into the mountain range of the Atlas Mountains , and his head became a mountain peak on which "with the chasm of his constellations ... the sky was at peace" [19] [20] [21] [22] .

Perseus and Andromeda

 
Giorgio Vasari , Perseus and Andromeda , 1570 , Florence .
 
Luca Giordano . "Perseus struggles with Phineus and his companions." 1680-1684. London National Gallery .

After Perseus flew, using winged sandals, to the east. On the way from the head of Medusa in the Libyan Desert a few drops of black blood fell, from which snakes were born. The bite of one of them caused the death of the Pug Argonaute [23] [20] .

When Perseus arrived in the land of the king of Ethiopians Kefei , he saw a beautiful girl chained to a cliff. She was the daughter of the king Andromeda . The praise of Kefei Cassiopaea ’s wife about her beauty angered the Nereid . They complained to Poseidon, and the god of the seas sent floods and a sea monster to the lands of the Ethiopians. The soothsayers, on behalf of Amon, said that disasters would end only when Andromeda was given to be eaten by a creature who lived at sea. The inhabitants forced the king to chain his daughter to the rock, where Perseus saw her [24] .

Perseus first killed the monster and freed Andromeda. According to Pausanias , the action took place on the shores of the Mediterranean in the area of ​​modern Jaffa . After the battle, he washed in a nearby lake, the water of which turned red [25] . Princess Finey's groom conspired to get the bride back. When Perseus found out about this, he took out the head of Medusa Gorgon and turned the conspirators into stone. Then he took Andromeda as his wife and went with her to Serifos to see his mother [24] [26] [4] .

Return

Returning to Serifos, Perseus found his mother and Diktis, who were asking the gods for asylum from the altar for shelter from the persecutors of Polydecte. It should be noted that the practice, when a person who was in danger, hid in the temple and fell to the altar of the revered deity, was generally accepted. According to ancient Greek beliefs, the arrest and killing of people seeking refuge at the altar of the gods was considered a great sacrilege. Perseus went to the king, who at that time was receiving friends, and showed them the head of Medusa. Polydect with guests turned into statues. According to the version set forth by Strabo , all the inhabitants of the island were turned into stone. The rocky Serifos located in the Aegean Sea itself and this natural characteristic was used in its characteristics by ancient Greek comic poets, claiming that Gorgon Medusa [27] [24] [28] [4] made it so .

The king of the island with the consent of Perseus became Diktis. Winged sandals, a bag and an invisible hat were given to Hermes, who in turn returned them to the grayam. Perseus sacrificed the head of Medusa to Athena, and she placed it on her shield [24] [28] .

Killing Acrisia

After that, Danae and Perseus decided to go to Argos to the king Acrisius, whose house they had left in a boarded up box. He, remembering the prediction, fled from the city. At that time, the king of the Thessalian city Larissa died. His son Tevtamid gave burial games in honor of his father, to which Perseus was invited. During the competition, Perseus threw a disk, which by the will of the wind or the gods deviated from his path and ended up in Acrisia, who was among the spectators watching the competitions [29] [30] [4] .

Hygin gives another version of the myth. According to him, Polydekt took Danae as his wife. After Perseus vowed under no circumstances to kill his grandfather, Acrisius went to visit his daughter and grandson at Serifos. While he was on the road, Polidekt died. During the funeral games, Perseus threw the disc, which happened to be in Acrisia. Hyginus emphasizes that because Perseus did not want to kill his grandfather, this happened at the behest of the gods [2] .

Having buried his grandfather, Perseus did not find it acceptable for himself to return to Argos, whose king he had killed, and take the throne. He traveled to Tiryns and persuaded Megaphenf , Acrisius's nephew, to swap kingdoms with him. Perseus occupied the throne of Tiryns, and Megaphenf took Argos [29] [31] [32] [4] .

Board and doom

As king of Tiryns, Perseus strengthened and founded Mycenae . Ancient Greeks associated the name of the city with the consonant ancient Greek words “sword” and “mushroom” (μύκης). In this area, Perseus either lost the handle or the blade of the sword, or saw a huge mushroom and, thirsty, drank the water flowing out of it, after which he named the place Mycenae [31] [29] [33] .

Perseus had six sons and one daughter from Andromeda. The eldest was Pers . According to one of the myths, he was born even before Perseus returned to Hellas. The boy left his father in law Kefeyu. It was from him, according to the ideas of the ancient Greeks, that the people of the Persians originated [34] [35] [36] [37] .

In addition to Persian, the children of Perseus and Andromeda were Alcay , Sfenell , , Mestor , Elektrion, and the daughter of Gorgofon [35] .

There is another version of the myth of the fate of Perseus. According to her, during the wanderings of the hero, Argos was captured by brother Acrisia Pret . When Perseus and Andromeda returned to Hellas, he declared war against Pret and turned it into stone, showing the head of Medusa Gorgon. Later, he himself died at the hands of his great-uncle, the son of Pret Megapenf [38] [39] [40] .

In art

 
Athena and Perseus killing Medusa Gorgon. Metope of the temple "C" Sicilian Selinunte VI century BC. er
 
"Perseus and Andromeda." Ancient Roman fresco from Pompeii . National Archaeological Museum of Naples .
 
" Perseus frees Andromeda ." P.P. Rubens . Hermitage , St. Petersburg .
 
Statue of Perseus Benvenuto Cellini . Florence .

In art

Since the epoch of Antiquity , the main episodes of the myths about Perseus, associated with the victory over Medusa Gorgona and the liberation of Andromeda, were widely displayed in art. The ancient hero was depicted naked or in military armor. The main attributes of the image of Perseus were winged sandals, a cap and a mirror shield. From the most ancient surviving sculptures with Perseus distinguish the metope of the temple "C" from the Sicilian Selinunte VI. BC er Also, murals from the villa of San Marco in Stabia I in. BC er and from the house of Dioscuri in Pompeii [41] .

Modern researchers see the same archetype in Perseus as in the myths about Bellerophonte , Cadmé , Hercules , Jason , Apollo , who defeated Python , Mithra and other snake collectors of India and China [42] . It consists in the fact that the young hero comes to another land and kills a dragon or other monster, thereby saving the inhabitants of the region from its destructive power [43] .

The external similarity and commonality of the plot of Perseus’s victory over the monster and the release of the princess with the miracle of George the serpent gave grounds for some researchers to call the ancient mythological hero a prototype of one of the most revered Christian saints [42] [44] [45] . The common archetype with Bellerophon, as well as the interweaving of mythological plots led to the absorption of the image of this mythological hero Perseus. This trend manifested itself in the era of Antiquity, and then became widespread in subsequent epochs, when Perseus, and not Bellerophon, began to be portrayed as the tamer of Pegasus . This is most clearly seen in the picture of Peter Paul Rubens “ Perseus releases Andromeda ” [46] [41] .

Painters and sculptors of the Renaissance and Modern Times also turned to mythological plots about Perseus. The most famous works include the sculptures by Benvenuto Cellini , Antonio Canova , the painting “The Salvation of Andromeda” by Piero di Cosimo , Peter Paul Rubens, and others. Other scenes are also encountered, such as “Perseus Fights with Phineus and His Comrades” by Luca Giordano [41] .

In literature

The first extant literary work about Perseus is a fragment of the work of Simonides , in which the poet depicts the suffering of Danae, floating with a baby in a box in the sea [47] . The tragedy of Euripides " Andromeda " is lost. Information about its existence is contained in the comedy of Aristophanes [48] . In the stories of Lucian it is said that in Abderah the whole city sang the arias of Perseus [49] .

From the works of the New time, in particular, the poem “Perseus and Andromeda” of 1807 G. R. Derzhavin is known. In it, the poet compares the Europe of the Napoleonic wars with Andromeda chained to the rock, the French troops with the monster, and the Russian - with Perseus [50] .

In the cinema

Stories about the life and exploits of Perseus threw three times the film company Warner Bros. (“ Battle of the Titans ” 1981 , 2010 and “ Wrath of the Titans ” 2012) and twice the 20th Century Fox (“ Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief ” of 2010 and its continuation in 2013). The films are characterized by simplifications and distortions of the mythological plot. If we understand the "myth" (by definition, M. Eliade ), as a sacred story about an event that occurred in prehistoric time, explaining how modern reality "reached its embodiment and realization, whether it be a comprehensive reality, space, or its fragment: an island , flora, human behavior or state establishment ", then it can not be transferred to the screen completely by definition. The specific realism of the current events, which the film strives to achieve, prevents the myth from being properly conveyed to the viewer, since the sacred world of the screened story is different from the present, real one. In this context, animation, as for example the Soviet cartoon “ Perseus ” of 1973 [51] , in connection with its conventionality and brevity, can to a greater degree achieve the mythological narrative [52] .

Attempts to film the legends and myths of ancient Greece, if not failing in terms of payback, have little cultural and historical value [52] . In terms of plot the number of discrepancies with the canonical version of the myth is very large. From the ancient legends in them are kept the names of the main characters and some of their main actions. The feature of the films was the exploitation of ancient stories to create a simulation of the story of real events. The battles are depicted incredibly exaggerated, the staging of battles does not correspond to historical realities, the whole film is oversaturated with special effects. Reconstruction of ancient Greek weapons, clothing, traditions and customs does not hold water. In the ancient history of ancient Hellas there are interspersed characters from Eastern, Scandinavian and other cultures, such as Kraken , genies , etc. [53]

In music

The plot of the myths about Perseus in significant processing was the basis of the libretto of several operas, such as Jean-Baptiste 's Perseus , 1682 [54] , Johann Michael Haydn's 1787, Andromeda and Perseus, and 1787, ” By Jacbert Iber 1921 [55] , the symphonies No. 4 and No. 5 of Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf (1739-1799) according to Ovid's Metamorphoses [56] and others.

In Astronomy

 
Constellation perseus

Legends of Perseus found a display on the northern part of the starry sky. Among the many space objects with the hero of ancient myths are associated with the same name constellation , a cluster of galaxies in it , as well as the constellation Andromeda , Cepheus , Cassiopeia and Keith [57] .

Comments

  1. ↑ Information about what weapon Perseus received from whom in ancient sources is different. According to Gigin, from Hermes, Perseus had winged sandals, a bag and an invisible helmet, that is, everything that, according to another myth, he lured away from Grays , and from Hephaestus, a diamond sickle [8] . According to Apollodorus, he received a curved steel sword from Hermes [5] . According to Lucan, sandals with wings were obtained from Hermes, and Athena presented a mirror shield to the son of Zeus [9]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1 2 Apollodor, 1972 , "Mythological Library. Book II. IV (1)".
  2. ↑ 1 2 3 Hygin Myths, 2000 , "63. Danae".
  3. ↑ Graves, 1992 , "Perseus (c)", p. 154.
  4. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Myths of the peoples of the world, 1990 , Perseus, p. 800
  5. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Apollodor, 1972 , "Mythological Library. Book II. IV (2)".
  6. ↑ Myths of the Nations of the World, 1990 , "Pelop", p. 793–794.
  7. ↑ Heraclitus, 1992 , "IX. About Perseus."
  8. ↑ Hyginus. Astronomy, 1997 , "Perseus 12. 1", p. 49.
  9. ↑ Lucan, 1993 , Book IX. 660-670.
  10. ↑ Pausanias, 1996 , "Description of Hellas. Book II. Chapter 21 (6)".
  11. ↑ Pindar, 1980 , "Pythian Songs. 10. <" Perseus Hyperborean "> 46".
  12. ↑ Nonn, 2016 , "Song XXV. 52".
  13. ↑ Nonn, 2016 , "Song XXX. 270".
  14. ↑ Graves, 1992 , "Perseus (f, g)", p. 155.
  15. ↑ Pindar, 1980 , "Pythian Songs. 10. <" Perseus Hyperborean "> 29-44".
  16. ↑ Graves, 1992 , "Perseus (g)", p. 155.
  17. ↑ Ovid. Metamorphosis, 1977 , "Book IV. 769-803".
  18. ↑ Graves, 1992 , "Perseus (h)", p. 155.
  19. ↑ 1 2 Ovid Metamorphoses, 1977 , "Book IV. 627-661".
  20. ↑ 1 2 3 Graves, 1992 , "Perseus (i)", p. 155.
  21. Graves, 1992 , Atlant and Prometheus, p. 91–92.
  22. ↑ Myths of the World, 1990 , Atlant, p. 101.
  23. ↑ Apollonius of Rhodes, 2001 , "Book IV. 1505-1518".
  24. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Apollodor, 1972 , "Mythological Library. Book II. IV (3)".
  25. ↑ Pausanias, 1996 , "Description of Hellas. Book IV. Chapter 35 (9)."
  26. ↑ Graves, 1992 , "Perseus (m)", p. 156.
  27. ↑ Strabo, 1994 , "Book X. V (10)", p. 487.
  28. ↑ 1 2 Graves, 1992 , "Perseus (o)", p. 156.
  29. ↑ 1 2 3 Apollodor, 1972 , "Mythological Library. Book II. IV (4)".
  30. ↑ Graves, 1992 , "Perseus (p)", p. 156.
  31. ↑ 1 2 Pausanias, 1996 , "Description of Hellas. Book II. Chapter 16 (3)".
  32. ↑ Graves, 1992 , "Perseus (q)", p. 156–157.
  33. ↑ Graves, 1992 , "Perseus (r)", p. 157.
  34. ↑ Herodotus, 1972 , "Book VII. 61".
  35. ↑ 1 2 Apollodor, 1972 , "Mythological Library. Book II. IV (5)".
  36. ↑ Aeschylus, 1978 , "Persians. 80".
  37. ↑ Perses // Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed.-comp. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. 1885.
  38. ↑ Hyginus Myths, 2000 , "244. Who Killed Their Relatives."
  39. ↑ Ovid. Metamorphosis, 1977 , "Book V. 236-250".
  40. ↑ Myths of the World, 1990 , “Pret”, p. 827.
  41. ↑ 1 2 3 Strelkov, 2014 .
  42. ↑ 1 2 Strikichenko, 2009 , p. 185.
  43. ↑ Cirlot, 2002 , "Victory".
  44. ↑ Leviton, 2006 , p. 241.
  45. ↑ Macalister, 2006 , p. 8-13.
  46. ↑ Perseus Releases Andromeda (Undec.) . official site of the State Hermitage Museum . Hermitage . The appeal date is June 23, 2019.
  47. ↑ History of Greek Literature, 1946 , p. 253.
  48. ↑ History of Greek Literature, 1946 , p. 418.
  49. ↑ History of Greek Literature, 1946 , p. 419.
  50. ↑ Derzhavin G.R. Perseus and Andromeda // Poems (Rus.) . - L .: Soviet writer, 1957. - P. 316-320. - (Library of the poet; Large series).
  51. ↑ Sergey Kapkov. Alexandra Snezhko-Blotskaya // Our cartoons / Arseny Mescheryakov, Irina Ostarkova. - Interros , 2006. - ISBN 5-91105-007-2 . Archived August 31, 2007.
  52. ↑ 1 2 Koretskaya, 2010 , p. 13-18.
  53. ↑ Kulikov, 2016 , p. 72–82.
  54. ↑ PERSÉE ou PERSÉE ET ANDROMÈDE (Fr.) . Le magazine de l'opéra baroque. The appeal date is June 25, 2019.
  55. ↑ Tim Ashley. Ibert: Persée et Andromède (English) . theguardian.com . The Guardian (20 December 2002). The appeal date is June 25, 2019.
  56. ↑ Will Richard. The Characteristic Symphony in the Age of Haydn and Beethoven (Eng.) . - Cambridge • New York • Melbourne • Madrid • Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2004. - p. 74-82. - ISBN 0-511-03247-1 .
  57. ↑ Perseus (Unsolved) . Encyclopaedia Britannica. The appeal date is June 17, 2019.

Literature

Ancient sources
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  • Heraclitus Refutation or healing of myths transmitted in defiance of nature // Herald of Ancient History / Translated from Ancient Greek, introductory article and commentary by V.N. Yarkho .. - 1992. - № 3 .
  • Herodotus History in nine books (rus.) / Translation and notes by G. A. Stratanovsky, edited by S. L. Utchenko. Translation Editor N. A. Meshchersky. - L .: Science, 1972.
  • Hyginus . Astronomy / Per. from lat. and comm. A.I. Ruban. - SPb. : Aletheia , 1997. - (Antique Library). - ISBN 5-89329-017-8 .
  • Hyginus . Myths / Translation from Latin, a comment by D. O. Torshilova, edited by A. A. Taho-Godi . - SPb. : Aletheia , 2000. - 360 p. - (Antique library). - ISBN 5-89329-198-0 .
  • Mark Annay Lucan . Farsalia, or a poem about the civil war (Rus.) / Translation from the Latin L. E. Ostroumova. Editorial, article and comments by F. A. Petrovsky. - “Ladomir” - “Science”, 1993.
  • Nonn Panopolitan . Acts of Dionysus (rus.) . - Aletheia, 2016. - 596 p. - (New Antique Library. Antique history). - ISBN 978-5-89329-033-2 .
  • Ovid . Metamorphosis / Per. from lat. S.V. Shervinsky . Note F. A. Petrovsky . - M .: Fiction, 1977. - 430 p. - (Library of ancient literature. Rome).
  • Pausanias . Description of Hellas / Translation by S. Kondratyev, edited by E. V. Nikityuk. Responsible editor prof. E. D. Frolov .. - SPb. : Aletheia, 1996. - ISBN 5-89329-006-2 .
  • Pindar, Vakhilid. Pythian songs // Odes. Fragments (rus.) / Edition prepared by ML. Gasparov. - M .: Science, 1980.
  • Strabo . Geography in 17 books (rus.) / Translation, article and commentary of G. A. Stratanovsky, edited by prof. S. L. Utchenko. Translation Editor prof. O. O. Kruger .. - M .: Ladomir, 1994.
  • Aeschylus Persians // Tragedies (rus.) / Translated from the ancient Greek. S.K. Apta. Commentary by N. M. Podzemskaya .. - M .: Art, 1978.
Literature of the XIX — XXI centuries
  • Graves Robert. Myths of Ancient Greece . - M .: Progress, 1992. - 624 p. - (Anthropology, ethnography, mythology, folklore). - ISBN 5-01-001587-0 .
  • Koretskaya M.A. Screen version of the myth: translation difficulties // Bulletin of the Samara Humanitarian Academy. Series: Philosophy. Philology. - 2010. - № 1 (7) . - pp . 13-32 . - ISSN 1998-913X .
  • Kulikov S. B., Podberezhnaya A. A. Cultural-historical time and visualization of the fencing duel in the theater and cinema // Bulletin of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences. - 2016. - № 4 . - pp . 72-82 . - ISSN 2227-6564 .
  • History of Greek Literature (Rus.) / Edited by S. I. Sobolevsky, B. V. Gornunga, Z. G. Greenberg, F. A. Petrovsky, S. I. Radzig. - Moscow • Leningrad: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1946. - Vol. I.
  • Persey / A. V. Strelkov // P - Perturbation function. - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2014. - (The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 t.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004–2017, v. 25). - ISBN 978-5-85270-362-0 .
  • Stryichenko N.V. Myth-making concept in the painting of cosmism as a manifestation of the principles of the cosmopolitan worldview and cultural polycentrism // Bulletin of the RSUH. Series “Philosophy. Sociology. Art History. - 2009. - № 12 . - p . 184-192 . - ISSN 2073-6401 .
  • Taho-Godi A. A. Persey // Myths of the Worlds / Main. ed. S.A. Tokarev . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990. - p. 800.
  • Cirlot JE A Dictionary of Symbols (rus.) . - 2nd edition. - New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 2002. - ISBN 0-486-42523-1 .
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  • Macalister Suzanne. From the Heroes with Bellerophon, Demetrius, George - as Media // Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora. - 2002. - Vol. 28, No. 1 . - P. 7—32.
  • Roscher WH Perseus // Ausführliches Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie. - Leipzig: Druck und Verlag von BG Teubner, 1902-1909. - Bd. 3. Zweite Abteilung. - Col. 1986–2060
Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persey&oldid=101415006


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