Mikhail Sergeevich Navashin (1896-1973) is a Russian cytologist and cytogenetic. Son S. G. Navashin .
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| Scientific field | cytology , cytogenetics |
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First received chromosomal translocations in plants, put forward a “dislocation” hypothesis about the role of translocations in changing the basic number of chromosomes in evolution. The first to carry out a thorough analysis of human chromosomes .
Content
Biography
He graduated from the agronomical faculty of the Kiev Polytechnic Institute (1918). In 1920-1924 he worked at the Tbilisi Polytechnic Institute , in 1924-1937 - at the Biological Institute. K. Timiryazev in Moscow (in the period 1927-1929 he was on a foreign business trip for an internship at the University of California at Berkeley ), in 1934-1937 - the director of the Botanical Garden of Moscow University, in 1937-1941 - at the Institute of Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR 1941–1948 - at the Institute of Cytology, Histology and Embryology of the USSR Academy of Sciences , in 1948–1969 - at the Botanical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences [1] , in 1955 he was elected head of the department of genetics and breeding at the Leningrad University, in 1969–1973 Institute of Chemical Physics, USSR Academy of Sciences .
Scientific Activities
The main direction of scientific research is plant cytogenetics . In his first paper [2], the triploid nature of the endosperm was the first cytologically proven. MS Navashin is the author of several works on the morphology of the cell nucleus in connection with issues of speciation, individual variability of chromosomes in an evolutionary aspect, and cytology of distant hybrids. Having obtained as a result of a series of crosses a hybrid plant whose cytoplasm was from the Crepis tectorum species, and all the chromosomes of the nucleus from the Crepis alpina karyotype showed that the morphological features by which these species differ, are determined solely by the nucleus [3] , [4] . He studied issues related to the occurrence of spontaneous mutations and haploid (polyploid) forms. He first described the phenomenon of amphiplasty - a change in the morphology of chromosomes of hybrids in comparison with the morphology of the chromosomes of the parent species and, in particular, the phenomenon of nucleolar dominance [5] , [6] . He led research on clarifying the role of polyploidy in morpho- and speciation , the cytology of polyploids; the author of a polyploid coxagus variety. He studied the dynamics of cell division and the influence on the cell of physical and chemical factors. At the initiative of M. S. Navashin , a complete report on all known chromosome numbers of flowering plants of the world flora was created at the time [7] .
Amateur telescopes
Mikhail Sergeyevich was a great enthusiast of amateur astronomy . His book Telescope of an Amateur Astronomer, containing detailed instructions for making a reflecting telescope at home, was one of the desk books of an amateur astronomer in the USSR and Russia. The book was first published in 1953 with a significant circulation [8] and was published in several editions. Prior to moving to Leningrad in 1949, he headed the technical department (of amateur telescope construction) of the Moscow branch of the All-Union Astronomical and Geodesic Society (VAGO) under the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1970 he was elected an honorary member of VAGO.
Memberships in Academic Societies
Member of the German Academy of Naturalists "Leopoldina" (1965).
Member (since 1970 - Honorary Member) of the All-Union Astronomical and Geodesic Society (VAGO) at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
Family
Son - Navashin, Sergei Mikhailovich (1924-1998) - Russian microbiologist, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.
Memory
On April 25, 1994, in honor of Mikhail Navashin, the asteroid discovered on October 15, 1985 by N. S. Chernykh in the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory was given the name " 4472 Navashin " [9] [10] .
Notes
- ↑ Since 1955 headed the laboratory of Cytology
- ↑ Haploid, diploid, and triploid nuclei in Crepis virens Vill. - Notes of the Kiev Society of Naturalists . 1915. Iss. 25. pp. 139-152.
- ↑ The case of merogony due to interspecific crossing in the Compositae. - Zh. Rus nerd. about-va. 1927. V. 12. No. 1/2. Pp. 87-98
- ↑ Ein Fall von Merogonie infolge Artkreuzung bei Compositen. - Bericht. d. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellschaft, 1927. Bd. 45. H. 2. S. 115-126
- ↑ Uber die veränderung von Zahl und Form der Chromosomen infolge der Hybridisation. - Ztschr. Zellforsch. 1927- Bd. 6. № 1/2, S. 195-186.
- ↑ "Amphiplastie" - eine neue karyologische Erscheinung. - Verh. V intern. Kongr. Vererbungswissenschaft. Berlin; Leipzig, 1928. Bd. 2. S. 1148-1152
- ↑ Chromosome numbers of flowering plants. L., Science, 1969.
- ↑ Navashin MS Homemade telescope-reflector. - M .: State. publishing house tech. theory lit., 1953. - 240 p. - 12 000 copies
- ↑ Circulars of small planets for April 25, 1994 - the document should search for Circular No. 23352 (MPC 23352)
- ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D. Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. - Sixth Revised and Enlarged Edition. - Heidelberg, N. Y. , Dordrecht, L .: Springer, 2012. - P. 362. - 1452 p. - ISBN 978-3-642-29717-5 .