Lexicology (from ancient Greek λέξις - word, expression, λόγος - science, judgment) is a section of linguistics that studies vocabulary . Lexicology is divided into general and particular. Private lexicology studies the lexical composition of a particular language [1] . In lexicology are considered:
- word and its meaning
- word relationship system
- history of the formation of modern vocabulary
- functional and style difference of words in different spheres of speech
The object of study is the word. It is also studied in morphology and word formation . However, if the words in them turn out to be a means for studying the grammatical structure and word-formation models and rules of the language, then in lexicology the words are studied in order to know the words themselves, as well as the vocabulary of the language (vocabulary). Since vocabulary is not just a sum of words, but a definite system of interrelated and interrelated facts, lexicology appears as a science not about individual words, but about the lexical system of the language as a whole.
Subject of lexicology:
- 1) Word from the point of view of word theory . For example, how the meaning of a word relates to a concept. What is the role of the word in the text and in the language.
- 2) The structure of the vocabulary of the language. That is: how lexical units correlate (in what they are relations).
- 3) The functioning of lexical items. Compatibility of words, frequency of use, etc.
- 4) Ways to replenish the vocabulary of the language. How new words are created and how new meanings of words are formed.
- 5) The ratio of vocabulary and non-linguistic reality. For example, how vocabulary can relate to culture .
Sections of Lexicology
Sections of lexicology:
- 1) Onomasiology ( ancient Greek ὄνομα name, ancient Greek λόγος judgment) explores the process of naming objects.
- 2) Semasiology ( ancient Greek σημασία sign, meaning, ancient Greek λόγος judgment) explores the meaning of words and phrases. Answers the question of how out-of-language reality is displayed in words.
- 3) Phraseology ( ancient-Greek. Φράσι выражения way of expression, ancient-Greek. Λόγος judgment) - studies the phraseological composition of the language, the relation of words among themselves and with other units of the language.
- 4) Onomastika ( ancient Greek ὀνομαστική letters. - the art of giving names) - studies already existing proper names in the broad sense of the word: a) toponymy - studies geographical names; b) anthroponymics - studies the names and surnames of people.
- 5) Etymology ( ancient Greek ἔτυμον the original meaning of [the word]) - studies the origin of words and vocabulary as a whole.
- 6) Lexicography - deals with the theory and practice of compiling dictionaries.
- 7) Stylistics - studies the connotative meaning of words and expressions.
Notes
- ↑ Lexicology as a linguistic discipline (Inaccessible link) . The appeal date is September 26, 2012. Archived October 6, 2012.