Thesaurus (from the Greek θησαυρός “treasure”), in the general sense - a special terminology , more strictly and objectively - a dictionary, collection of information, corpus or code, fully covering the concepts , definitions and terms of a special field of knowledge or field of activity, which should contribute to the correct lexical , corporate communication (understanding in communication and interaction of persons connected by one discipline or profession); in modern linguistics - a special kind of dictionaries that indicate semantic relationships ( synonyms , antonyms , paronyms , hyponyms , hyperonyms , etc.) between lexical units. Thesauruses are one of the effective tools for describing individual subject areas.
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Description
- 3 Examples
- 4 See also
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
- 7 References
History
One of the first thesauruses is called the “Dictionary of Synonyms” by Philo Biblsky . Amara-kosh , written in Sanskrit in poetic form in the VI century, has a more exact correspondence to the term. The first modern English thesaurus was created by Peter Mark Roger in 1805. It was published in 1852 and has since been used without reprints [1] .
In the 1970s, thesauruses began to be actively used for information retrieval tasks. In such thesauri, words are compared with descriptors through which semantic relationships are established [2] .
Description
Unlike the explanatory dictionary , the thesaurus makes it possible to reveal meaning not only by definition, but also by correlating words with other concepts and their groups, which can be used to fill the knowledge bases of artificial intelligence systems.
In the past, the term thesaurus denoted primarily dictionaries that represented the vocabulary of the language with maximum completeness with examples of its use in texts.
Also, the term thesaurus is used in information theory to denote the totality of all the information that a subject possesses.
In psychology, the thesaurus of an individual is characterized by the perception and understanding of information. Communication theory also considers the general thesaurus of a complex system, due to which its elements interact [2] .
Examples
- Amara-kosh (Amara's Dictionary) - the first and most important Sanskrit thesaurus (III – IV century)
- Roger thesaurus (19th century, about 15,000 synsets).
- Wiktionary : a multilingual freely updated dictionary and thesaurus (from 2004 to the present, the Wikimedia Foundation project, in the Russian Wiktionary (date - August 2013) contains about 390 thousand concepts [3] , 212 thousand relationships in total [4] , of which 150 thousand relations for the Russian language [5] ).
- RuTez is the Russian language thesaurus (it was created by the Center for Information Research as a tool for automatic indexing; it has been developed from 1997 to the present, 45 thousand concepts, 107 thousand words and expressions, 177 thousand relationships) [6] .
- Built-in thesaurus in Microsoft Word [7] .
- " Writing thesaurus " of the Soviet writer S. N. Yesin [8] .
See also
- Ideographic dictionary
- Russian semantic dictionary
- Semantic analysis
- Semantic network
- Comparison Dictionary
- Ontology (computer science)
Notes
- ↑ A History of Roget's Thesaurus: Origins, Development, and Design . Date of treatment June 2, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 Thesaurus - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- ↑ wikt: Member: AKA MBG / Statistics: Dimensions of the database created by the Wiktionary parser , the “meaning” line in the table.
- ↑ wikt: Member: AKA MBG / Statistics: Dimensions of the database created by the Wiktionary parser , line “relation” in the table.
- ↑ wikt: Member: AKA MBG / Statistics: Semantic relations # Number of relations per language , column “total” in the table.
- ↑ Ontologies for automatic word processing: a description of concepts and lexical meanings
- ↑ Search for synonyms using the thesaurus - Word . support.office.com. Date of treatment January 18, 2017.
- ↑ Yesin S.N. Writing thesaurus
Literature
- Thesaurus // Big Russian Encyclopedia. Volume 31. - M. , 2016 .-- S. 752.
- Russian Thesaurus (Dictionary by O.S. Baranov) - 2012
- V.V. Morkovkin. [rifmovnik.ru Ideographic dictionaries]. - 1970.
- Zakharov N.V. Shakespeareism of Russian Classical Literature: Thesaurus Analysis . - M .: Publishing house of the Moscow University for the Humanities , 2008. - ISBN 978-5-98079-486-6 .
- Lukov Val. A. , Lukov Vl. A. Thesauruses: The Subject Organization of Humanitarian Knowledge . - M .: Publishing House of the National. Institute of Business, 2008 .-- 784 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-8309-0272-4 .
- Lukov Val. A. , Lukov Vl. A. Thesauri II: Thesaurus Approach to Understanding Man and His World . - M .: Publishing House of the National. Institute of Business, 2013 .-- 640 p. - 700 copies. - ISBN 978-5-8309-0391-2 .
- Zakharov N.V., Lukov A.V. School of thesaurus analysis // Knowledge. Understanding. Skill . - 2006. - No. 1 . - S. 231-233 .
- Getman, Ivan Mikhailovich. Thesaurus as a tool of modern linguistics: Abstract. dis. ... doc. filol. sciences. - Kiev: Institute of Linguistics, 1991 .-- S. 34.
- Nguyen M. Kh., Adzhiev A. S. Description and use of thesauruses in information systems, approaches and implementation // Electronic Libraries. - 2004. - T. 7 , No. 1 . - S. 16-45 . - ISSN 1562-5419 .
- Lukashevich N.V. Thesauruses in information retrieval problems . - M .: Publishing House of Moscow University, 2011 . - S. 512. - ISBN 978-5-211-05926-0 .
- GOST 7.25-2001. Thesaurus information retrieval monolingual. Development rules, structure, composition and presentation form (System of standards for information, library and publishing)
- GOST 7.24-2007. Thesaurus information retrieval multilingual. Composition, structure and basic requirements for construction: interstate standard (System of standards for information, library and publishing) / Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification - M.: Standartinform, 2007
Links
- Lukov Val. A., Lukov Vl. A. Thesaurus approach in the humanities
- Lukov Val. A., Lukov Vl. A. Thesaurus Approach: Background
- Thesaurus analysis of world culture on the website of Moscow University for the Humanities
- Epstein M. Tanya, Pushkin and money. Life as a narrative and thesaurus . 12/20/2007