Kolchak, Vladimir Alexandrovich

Origin

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kolchak was born in 1897 in Kronstadt in the family of naval officer Alexander Fedorovich Kolchak (born in 1857, died 1929, rose to the rear admiral) - from the younger branch of the Kolchakov clan, descended from the commandant of the Khotin fortress -

• Ilias Kolchak Pasha († 1743, Zhytomyr ), who was captured by Field Marshal B. Minich as a result of the victory over the Turkish troops in 1739 , and delivered to St. Petersburg. The threat of execution in his homeland forced Elias Kolchak Pasha to settle in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the service of the Polish magnate Joseph Potocki (the writer Jan Potocki belonged to this family).
• Mehmet Bay, b. 1708 , son of Elias Kolchak Pasha, converted to Orthodoxy and, after taking the oath to the Russian crown , entered the service at the court of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna , and soon he was ranked among the hereditary nobility .
• Hariton Kolchak.
• Lukyan Kharitonovich Kolchak , born in 1765. - the centurion of the Bug Cossack army , participated in wars with the Turks, for courage and military valor granted a land allotment in Tiraspol county of Kherson province ^{[1] [2]} . In the settlement of Birnosova, received a land allotment of 8 arshins. He was married 2 times. 1st on the mother of Ivan Lukyanovich, 2nd on Evdokia, mother of Anton and Fedor already.
• Fedor Lukyanovich Kolchak († 1881, St. Petersburg), the youngest son of Lukyan Kolchak, Ivan's brother (grandfather of Admiral A.V. Kolchak ) - major (1867), was married for the first time to Olga Fedorovna (1831-1867), 2 -th time on Elizaveta Stepanovna (?????), lived in St. Petersburg, on line 14 of Vasilevsky Island in 71) ^[3]
• Alexander Fedorovich Kolchak (1857-1926) - graduated from the Naval Corps (1879), had a "sign about the end of the artillery class course", the Baltic Fleet ; captain of the 2nd rank (1897), on the destroyer "Buiny" made the transition to the Far East (August 1903 — May 1904); participated in the Russo-Japanese War ; Captain 1st rank (1905). In December 1910, he retired with the rank of rear admiral . Three sons and a daughter. In 1914, they lived at the address: Kronstadt, Pesochnaya 27 ^[4] . He died in 1929.
  • Alexander Alexandrovich Kolchak , the eldest son of A. F. Kolchak, graduated from the Naval Corps (1902), participated in the defense of Port Arthur , midshipman on the destroyer " Lieutenant Burakov "; “For excellent discretion and courage” was awarded the Order of St. Anne of the 4th degree “For Courage”; lieutenant (April 1906); Orders: St. Stanislav and St. Anne 3 degrees. After the Mining Officer Class (September 1909), a Mining Officer of the 2nd rank; and. D. senior mine officer minzag " Yenisei " (September 1913). For staging a minefield at the central mine-artillery position at the mouth of the Gulf of Finland (December 1914), Senior Lieutenant A. A. Kolchak was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class, with swords and a bow. May 22, 1915 "Yenisei" was torpedoed and sank. 31 out of 200 people escaped. Senior officer Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Kolchak also died, he was 14 years older than Vladimir ^[1] .
  • Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kolchak , the middle son of A.F. Kolchak, was not admitted to the Marine Corps due to astigmatism . He graduated from the Institute of Railway Engineers . He went to war freethinking. After the revolution in the Red Army, he commanded an artillery battery, was wounded. After treatment in Poltava in 1921 he returned to Petrograd. He was an employee of the design institute. He died in the siege of Leningrad ^[1] .

Imperial Naval Cadet Corps

Vladimir Alexandrovich Kolchak graduated from the Imperial Naval Cadet Corps in 1916 - the last major graduation, made in midshipman on July 30. Vladimir Kolchak is listed on the list first in general, as well as from those named by the Director of the Corps (“the first by right to choose the seas” - the Baltic Sea ), which is predetermined by order of the Minister of the Sea - as the note of the document ^{[5] [6]} reads.

The special position of the primacy of choice implied such not in the form of direct appointment, but "by deduction ... from the Corps", that is, until April 1917, he served with the latter, where he was also during the February Revolution . Then he was appointed commander of the cruiser "Oleg", who was stationed, after the revolution, in Reval . In the summer of 1917 - the junior navigator of the cruiser ^[1] .

Revolution and Civil War

For him, as well as for everyone who was released with him, the service began in difficult times - they all faced a choice. There was a war with Germany , the fleet, after the Moonsund tragedy , like the whole army, was rapidly slipping into anarchy , the alliance with England was already in question ... As the son of Vladimir Kolchak writes: “Then many junior officers did not leave their ships, although the fleet became“ red “. They believed that politics was changing, but Russia and the fleet remained. Vladimir was not interested in politics or parties . For him, the "party" was the crew of his own ship. " Nevertheless, after the Kornilovsky performance , acting as the senior navigator of the cruiser "Oleg", when, by the will of the current situation, the command of the ship was completely assigned to his shoulders, Vladimir Kolchak, including not without the influence of conflicting circumstances, makes a decision that radically changed him fate: on the 20th of October 1917, to take part in the October Revolution, he brings a ship from Revel to Petrograd ^{[1] [7] [8] [9] [10]} .

In the winter of 1917 — 1918, Vladimir Kolchak was trained in the Navigator class in Helsingfors, after which he was assigned the qualification of a navigator of the 2nd category. Winter-spring 1918 - participates in Oleg in the Ice Campaign . ^[7]

At this time, the Russian Baltic Fleet was already forced to fight “on four fronts”: military clashes with German ships, with the English flotilla, with White Estonians and White Finns .

In the position of the 1st navigator of the cruiser "Oleg" and later V. A. Kolchak participated in the following operations:

• During the evacuation and explosion of Fort Ino (April-May 1918); ^[eleven]

Already in the current detachment of the ships of the Baltic Fleet (hereinafter - BOT):

• In the Narva landing operation (end of November — beginning of December 1918); during the period from November 23 to December 1, in the area of Narva, the cruiser Oleg, among several other ships, participated in the advance of the Red Army units to German positions. On November 28, the task was set to land an assault at Gunburg from the enemy’s flank. The detachment was made up, in addition to the cruiser Oleg, the destroyer Metky , transports with the assault force Ilsa, Krasny Plowman and Revolution. The operation was controlled by the commander of Oleg, the military commander A. V. Saltanov (in the past, captain 1st rank of the Guards crew, senior officer on Oleg before the war). In the morning, troops landed at the mouth of the Narova - 750 volunteer sailors (the first naval landing in the history of the Red Fleet), Oleg supported the shelling of the coast: Vayvarskie Gory and Korf station, but ran aground, was removed only after the ammunition was moved to the aft compartments. After the capture of Narva, and the proclamation of the Estonian Soviet Republic , on December 1, ships with prisoners arrived in Kronstadt. ^[12]
• Involuntarily - in Raskolnikov’s mediocre and shameful adventure (at the suggestion of L. D. Trotsky ) - Revel’s reconnaissance (end of December 1918), which successfully ended for the cruiser Oleg only due to timely relocation, otherwise he was doomed to clash with superior British forces : the battleship Andrei the First-Called, the cruiser Oleg, the oil destroyers Avtroil, Azard and Spartak were to fire at Revel’s harbor and destroy the enemy’s warships. The tasks of Oleg included close cover from a position on the island of Gogland . The operation was well planned, but illiterate, which is eloquently indicated by its results: those participating in its execution not only failed to fulfill their tasks, but even put up significant resistance to the enemy - many were captured (14 officers, 233 crew members), communists shot, part went over to the side of whites; Raskolnikov, despite dressing up as a stoker, was identified, arrested, and sent to a London prison (in June 1919 he was exchanged for 18 English sailors captured by the Reds in the North), the Estonian fleet was replenished with two destroyers - Avtroil and Spartak, renamed "Lennuk" and "Vambola." The Oleg’s commander, not being dedicated to the operation plan, with limited coal reserves and provisions, returned to Kronstadt under the cover of a strong blizzard. ^{[10] [13] [14]}
• The successful reflection of the attacks of English torpedo boats on Kronstadt on the night of August 17-18, 1919. Vladimir Kolchak’s classmate in the Corps participated in this operation; he was of the 5th company with the same last issue on July 30, 1916 — Mikhail Shults, senior flagship secretary for the operational part of the bunker headquarters — M. Schulz commanded artillery on the destroyer Gabriel .
• Suppression of the anti-Bolshevik uprising of the fort “Krasnaya Gorka” ; after switching to the side of the whites who surrounded the fort, on June 13 he began shelling Kronstadt with heavy coastal artillery guns; the return fire on the forts “Krasnaya Gorka” and “Gray Horse” was opened by the battleships “Petropavlovsk” (commander P. Yu. Postelnikov) and “Andrey the First-Called” (captain L. M. Galler ) and the cruiser “Oleg”, the destroyers “Gabriel” , “Freedom” and “Gaydamak”; landing was carried out. On June 15, the fort was abandoned by the garrison. The help of the English torpedo boats was belated - all of the ship’s attacks were unsuccessful.

On the night of June 17-18, an English torpedo boat sank the cruiser Oleg at Tolbukhin’s lighthouse , torpedoing it.

After the death of the cruiser Oleg, Vladimir Kolchak served as the flagship navigator of the Headquarters of the Kronstadt Naval Base - from June 1919 to August 1920 ^{[1] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]} .

Kolchak - Alexandrov

With the outbreak of the Civil War, the surname Kolchak began to pose a certain danger to its carriers in red Russia. On October 3, 1919, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kolchak and his father were invited to the Cheka , and it was announced to him and Alexander Fedorovich that, at the request of the Revolutionary Military Council, they should change the name to “Alexandrovs”. Since September 1920, the naval commander V. A. Alexandrov (Kolchak) - served on the battleship " Gangut " ("October Revolution"; navigator, then - senior navigator; in April 1921 - combined with the position of ship commander) ^{[1] [2]} .

In May – July 1921, as a result of the “filtration” of the Baltic Fleet, he was in a Kharkov prison. In July 1921 he was appointed commander of the Kuban minesweeper, and since January 1922 - the navigator of the destroyer Zabiyaka . Since June 30, 1922 - the commander of the messenger ship "Korshun", and in July he was dismissed from the military service "for upset health" in the reserve (consequences of scurvy). From August 1922 to April 1932, V. A. Alexandrov served in the commercial port of Petrograd (Leningrad). He was engaged in measuring and drilling in the Neva Bay (looking for building sand) ^[1] .

Again in service and again in stock

In April 1932, Vladimir Alexandrovich was drafted into the personnel of the RKKF, with the appointment of the destroyer of the 3rd division of destroyers as the flagship navigator. Since February 1934 - the flag navigator of the training ships of the Baltic Fleet. In June – December 1936, V. A. Aleksandrov (Kolchak) served as senior assistant commander of the training ship Svir (formerly Ocean), which was used by cadets of the Russian Navy. Then he becomes a student of the courses of the commanders of the latest destroyers ^[1] .

In the Central Naval Archive (Gatchina), in the certification for the academic year 1936-1937, column 2 “Conclusion of direct chiefs” states: “theoretical and practical training is quite sufficient for command of a destroyer. A relative (second cousin) of the shot white guard Admiral Kolchak. To be dismissed from the ranks of the Red Army. " The “former” Kolchak was again sacked ^[1] .

Again the lieutenant commander. Blockade

Until November 1941, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, a career officer, had to serve in the Lenvodput trust, to be involved in surveying, drilling, excavation work in the Neva Bay and the Neva. In November 1941, Lieutenant Captain V. A. Alexandrov was finally called up for military service. 18 letters of Vladimir Aleksandrovich “from the blockade” have been preserved, the paintings of the besieged life, a description of the consequences of shelling and bombing were reflected in them. He had to physically work on the construction of fortifications. On December 16, 1941, he died in the hospital from pneumonia (exhaustion, lack of drugs) ^[1] .

Mikhail Vladimirovich Alexandrov (Kolchak)

Mikhail Vladimirovich Alexandrov (Kolchak) , the son of Vladimir Alexandrovich, was born in 1927. On August 24, 1941, together with his mother, he was evacuated from the besieged Leningrad on a barge to the Perm Region . In the evacuation, M.V. Aleksandrov (Kolchak) graduated from the 7th, 8th and 9th grades, in the summer he worked on collective farms. From July 1944 to August 1945 he worked as a mechanic at the Baltic factory in Leningrad, where minesweepers were built. In August 1944 he received the first medal- For the defense of Leningrad.

In April 1946 he entered the Leningrad Military Topographic School, in September 1949 he was awarded the rank of lieutenant. In November 1949, he was appointed to the Naval Naval Cartographic Institute, where he served until June 1951. The transfer of M.V. Alexandrov to the Navy is paradoxically associated with the surname: the vigilant political officer of the institution, having learned “by official channels” the real name of Mikhail Vladimirovich, decided to “expose the son of the tsarist officer, a nobleman who has relatives abroad, a relative of Kolchak himself, who had hidden his biography ”, which resulted in the threat of expulsion from the Komsomol with all the ensuing consequences. Lieutenant M.V. Alexandrov wrote a letter to Stalin in which he asked the "Comrade Generalissimo" to investigate the situation: "the son is not responsible for his father, especially since there is nothing to answer for: dad, the red military commander, honestly died in the Great Patriotic War" . Lieutenant M.V. Aleksandrov was summoned to the Main Political Administration of the Soviet Army and Navy for a party commission. There, the denunciation was taken together with the letter. M.V. Aleksandrov (Kolchak) was left in the frames, but he was asked to move to another part - with the right to choose a place of service. He chose the Northern Fleet , became a lieutenant in the White Sea military flotilla - in the Northern hydrographic expedition in Arkhangelsk.

He worked as a hydrograph in Vaigach and Novaya Zemlya . The service lasted until January 1956. He was demobilized as a senior lieutenant in connection with the "Khrushchev" reduction of the Armed Forces by 640 thousand people. He returned with his family to Leningrad. In 1962, M.V. Alexandrov graduated from the Department of Physical Geography, Leningrad State University .

Former fleet lieutenant Mikhail Alexandrov became a research associate at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute , successfully and fruitfully worked, and was awarded the Badge of Honor. He was on a hydrographic expedition to Severnaya Zemlya, visited the island of Schmidt. Twice I was on Antarctic expeditions, wintered at Molodezhnaya , worked with geologists in the Polkanov oasis, on the Novosibirsk islands , on the island of Kotelny . He defended his dissertation on materials collected in Antarctica. On the icebreaking transport "Murman" followed in the footsteps of his famous relative - where in the expeditions of 1901-1903 ( Russian polar expedition , Kolchak’s rescue expedition ) Alexander Vasilievich Kolchak explored the nature of the Arctic. A relative of Alexander Kolchak the Second, who dreamed to be the first to set foot on the South Pole , a descendant of Alexander Kolchak the First, Mikhail Vladimirovich Kolchak (Alexandrov), took part in the preparation for the publication of the first comprehensive Atlas of the Antarctic (1966), the Atlas of the Arctic (1985) and the new Atlas of the Oceans . Antarctica ”(2004): in all - as a member of the editorial board and deputy chief editor ^{[1] [2]} .

• “I serve the Motherland” // Vera Kamshi official website
• Mikhail Alexandrov (Kolchak). Ministry of Kolchaks of Russia. // Website of the writer A. Umnov-Denisov
• Nikolay Cherkashin. Red Kolchak // Motherland. October. 2001