Fyodor Fyodorovich (Johann Friedrich von) Brandt ( German: Johann Friedrich von Brandt or French Jean-Frédéric Brandt ; May 13 ( 25 ), 1802 , Jüterbog - July 3 ( 15 ), 1879 , Estland province ) - German naturalist, doctor , Zoologist and botanist , President of the Russian Entomological Society . Privy Advisor since 1869.
| Fedor Fedorovich (Johann Friedrich von) Brandt | |||||||||
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| him Johann Friedrich von Brandt | |||||||||
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| Place of Birth | Yuterbog | ||||||||
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| Place of death | Mercury Estland Province Russian empire | ||||||||
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| Scientific field | zoology | ||||||||
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| Academic title | academician SPbAN | ||||||||
| Famous students | Brandt E.K. | ||||||||
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The author of the names of a number of botanical taxa . In the botanical ( binary ) nomenclature, these names are supplemented by the abbreviation " Brandt " . Personal page on IPNI website The researcher who described a number of zoological taxa . The names of these taxa (to indicate authorship) are accompanied by the designation " Brandt " . (in ornithology - “JF von Brandt” ) |
Content
Biography
Brandt was born in Uterbog in Prussian Saxony .
Education
He received his primary education first at the Grammar School of his native city, and then at the Wittenberg Lyceum.
From 1821 he studied medicine at the University of Berlin under the guidance of Rudolph, Klug, Gufeland, Rust, Gref and a friend. At first, Brandt was most engaged in botany under the leadership of Heine, and then also in zoology and anatomy under the leadership of Liechtenstein and Rudolfi , who was an assistant.
In 1824 he defended his thesis for the degree of Doctor of Medicine and Surgery .
Scientific and teaching work
F.F. Brandt began his service in Berlin as an assistant therapist Game, but after 9 months he moved to the position of assistant at the Anatomical Museum.
In 1826 he graduated from the medical faculty of the University of Berlin and became a doctor of medicine. In 1828-1831 he was privat-docent of the medical faculty of the University of Berlin. Since 1831 - professor.
I did not find a permanent job in Germany, therefore, under the influence of A. Humboldt and K. Rudolfi emigrated to Russia [3] . In 1831 he left Berlin and began working as an assistant to K. Baer in the Zoological Museum at the Imperial Academy of Sciences, which he soon headed. He actually created the Zoological Museum, both from his own collections, and from revenues through exchange.
In 1832, F.F. Brandt was elected to the extraordinary, and in 1833 to the ordinary academicians of the Imperial Academy of Sciences .
F.F. Brandt was a class inspector for several years at the St. Petersburg Mariinsky Institute (1837–1846) and professor of zoology and comparative anatomy (1843–1850) at the Main Pedagogical Institute , and then (1857–1869) at the Medical and Surgical Academy .
He was recognized as one of the best paleontologists of his time. He studied fossil animals of various ages and all types (except mollusks), paid special attention to fish, birds, cetaceans and the so-called pachyderm Pachydermata - mammoths, rhinos, etc.
He took part in the expedition of the Russian Geographical Society of 1846-1850 under the leadership of E. K. Hoffmann . He was ill most of the time, but wrote a large article in the consolidated volume of the expeditionary report, published in 1856 [4] .
Fedor Fedorovich Brandt died on July 3 ( 15 ), 1879 in the town of Merrekül, near Narva . He was buried at the Smolensk Lutheran cemetery in St. Petersburg [5] .
Family
- Son Alexander (16.2.1844, St. Petersburg - 9.3.1932, Dorpat) was a professor of zoology at Kharkov University, from 1867-1870 he was a resident at the Medical and Surgical Academy, and from 1871 to 1880 he was the curator of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences and teacher Natural History at the Women's Patriotic Institute. [6]
- Grandson Vladimir Alexandrovich (1874-1944) - engineer-architect and professor of architecture, author of the project of an Orthodox church at the Olshansky cemetery in Prague. [7]
- Son Roman (1853-1920) - Slavic , professor at Moscow University, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences .
- Daughter Maria (born on June 9 ( 21 ), 1863 ) was married to Gustav Ivanovich Radde .
Scientific Works
F.F. Brandt is the author of over 300 works on comparative anatomy , zoology , botany and paleontology. Most of the works he wrote in German and French, there are publications in Latin and Russian [8] .
He is the author of the two-volume “Medical Zoology” (1829–1834), “Vertebrates of Northern European Russia” (1856), “A Brief Outline of Comparative Anatomy with the Addition of the History of Animal Development” (1858), and many other books .
Species described by F.F. Brandt
- Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869
- Acipenser guldenstadti Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833
- Acipenser schrenckii Brandt, 1869
- Emberiza bruniceps Brandt, 1841
- Emberiza bruniceps Brandt, 1841
- Emberiza cioides Brandt, 1843
- Holothuria leucospilota Brandt, 1835
- Ligia dilatata Brandt, 1833
- Paraechinus hypomelas Brandt, 1836
- Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Brandt, 1837)
- Somateria fischer Brandt, 1847
- Stichopus chloronotus Brandt, 1835
- Trionyx maackii Brandt, 1858
Membership in organizations
Brandt was a member of several major scientific societies of many saranas, an honorary doctor of several universities in Russia and abroad.
- Imperial Academy of Sciences:
- 12/15/1830 - Adjunct in Zoology;
- 05/16/1832 - an extraordinary academician;
- 06/14/1833 - ordinary academician.
- Imperial Moscow Society of Naturalists (1831; since 1875 - honorary member).
- Free Economic Society (1834).
- St. Petersburg Pharmaceutical Society (1836).
- Society of Naturalists in Riga (1845).
- Imperial St. Petersburg Mineralogical Society (1848; since 1872 - honorary member).
- Full member of the Russian Geographical Society since September 19 ( October 1 ), 1845 [9] .
- Russian Entomological Society (president in 1861-1862).
- Corresponding Member of the Paris Academy of Sciences .
- Medical and Surgical Academy (1862; since 1876 - honorary member).
- St. Petersburg Society of Naturalists (1870).
Memory
- In the city of Wittenberg , a memorial plaque was erected on the school building in which Brandt studied from 1818 to 1822.
In honor of F.F. Brandt, 19 representatives of fauna and flora are named, including:
- Brandt Vole ( Lasiopodomys brandtii Radde , 1861 )
- Brandt's Hamster ( Mesocricetus brandti Nehring, 1898 )
- Brandt Night ( Myotis brandtii Eversmann , 1845 )
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 104263148 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 Brandt, Fedor Fedorovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary - St. Petersburg. : 1908. - T. 3. - S. 325–326.
- ↑ Carozzi AV Brandt, Johann Friedrich // Dictionary of scientific biography. Vol. 2. NY: C. Scribner's Sons, 1970. P. 422-423.
- ↑ Brandt F.F. Vertebrate animals of Northern European Russia, and especially the Northern Urals // Hoffmann E.K. Northern Urals and the Pai-Khoi coastal ridge. Translation from it. T. 2. St. Petersburg, 1856. 1-76 p.
- ↑ Brandt, Johann-Friedrich, doctor // Petersburg Necropolis / Comp. V.I. Saitov . - SPb. : Printing house of M. M. Stasyulevich , 1912. - T. 1 (A – D). - S. 283.
- ↑ Brandt Alexander Fedorovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Brandt Vladimir Alexandrovich
- ↑ Brandt Fedor Fedorovich (Johann Friedrich) // Materials on the history of geology in the USSR. Biographical and bibliographic dictionary. Issue 6. M.: VINITI, 1972.P. 22-53.
- ↑ Temporary Charter of the Russian Geographical Society. - SPb., 1845. - [4], 20 p.
Literature
- Editorial Board. Director of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, F.F. Brandt, on the occasion of his 50th birthday // World Illustration : Journal. - 1876. - T. 15 , No. 369 . - S. 107, 110 .
- Brandt Fedor Fedorovich // List of civilian ranks of the first IV classes. Corrected on November 20, 1856. - SPb. : Printing house of the II branch of His Imperial Majesty's own Chancery , 1856. - S. 643.
- Brandt Fedor Fedorovich // List of civil ranks of the IV class. Corrected on November 1, 1864. - SPb. : Printing House of the Governing Senate , 1864. - S. 137.
- Brandt Fedor Fedorovich // List of civilian ranks of the first three classes. Corrected on June 1, 1879. - SPb. : Printing House of the Governing Senate , 1878. - S. 232.
- Adaryukov V. Ya., Obolyaninov N. A. Dictionary of Russian lithographed portraits. T. 1. M.: A.I. Mamontov, 1916.S. 132.
- Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the XVIII-XXI centuries: Geology and mining sciences. / Ed. editor IG Malakhov. M .: GC RAS , 2012. - 504 p. ISBN 978-5-904509-08-8 (e-version).
Links
- Brandt, Fedor Fedorovich on the official website of the RAS
- Brandt Fedor Fedorovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907. (Retrieved July 25, 2010)
- Brandt Fedor Fedorovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978. (Retrieved July 25, 2010)
- F. F. Brandt's biography and e-books in the Scientific Library of Russia Digital Library
- Biography and bibliography in the information system " History of Geology and Mining " RAS.