Analog TV

A color analog television signal is a combination of three signals: a video signal that carries information about the brightness of an image, a color subcarrier with encoded information about the color of an image, and an audio signal.

The television broadcasting standard defines the used method of coding color information (PAL, SECAM, NTSC), as well as the use of signal band components, video signal characteristics and audio coding (B, D, G, H, I, K, L, M, N).

Analog television is still dominant on terrestrial terrestrial channels in many countries. Most Russian TV channels broadcast in analog standard, duplicating broadcasting in digital standards over the air, cable and satellite channels.

Since 2006, the transition from analogue to digital television . Many countries, in connection with the construction of full-fledged digital networks, have stopped or are planning to end the television broadcasting in analog standards in the near future. The main difficulties of this transition:

• labor intensity, high cost and unprofitability of coverage of sparsely populated areas with broadcasting systems;
• the difference in standards of digital broadcasting, disorienting both providers and buyers of new digital televisions ^[1] ;
• low advertising yield of digital television in transition ^[2] ;
• the main problem is the inertia of the population, who does not want to part with the old workable televisions and at their own expense acquire digital set-top boxes ^[3] .
  

There is also a problem for a significant proportion of the population for whom analog televisions are a warning device in emergency situations ^[4] .

Based on the above list, in 2019 there are 59 countries in the world where analog TV is disabled as unnecessary in favor of digital. In the post-Soviet space, 9 out of 15 states have completely disconnected analog TV.

In Russia, there were attempts to set a deadline for the termination of broadcasting of analog television, which gradually delayed this moment to a later date: in 2004, the date was called 2015 ^[9] , in 2012, not earlier than 2017. ^[10] , in 2013 - July 1, 2018 ^[11] .

In 2015, it was announced that the deadline for termination of broadcasting at the state level will not be set. Any channel can independently stop broadcasting when it deems it necessary. Specific dates not set. However, in October 2016, the end of 2018 is again called the end of 2018 as the date for the termination of subsidies for the distribution of publicly available mandatory channels from the federal budget.

From February 1, 2015, the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company selectively and gradually abandoned the analog transmitters of the Russia-2 and Russia-K TV channels in the localities where the first digital television multiplex of Russia (the digital television channel RTRS-1 package) has already been launched.

On May 30, 2018, preparations began to reduce the analog broadcasting - on the analog air of a number of TV channels of the country ( Channel One , NTV , Channel Five , REN-TV and STS ), the letter “ A ” ^{[12] [13]} (means that the viewer sees the analog version of the channel, and he needs to think about changing the signal receiver by the end of the year). Promotional videos ^[14] and news reports ^{[15] [16] [17] [18]} about the need to switch to digital broadcasting are also broadcast on federal TV channels.

Starting from June 22, 2018, many federal TV channels, such as Russia-1 , gradually joined the information of the audience with the help of the letter “A”. Also from August 9, 2018, the letter “A” appeared on TV channel TNT , from September 26, 2018 on TV channel Zvezda , from February 7, 2019 on TV channels Russia-K , TV Center , TV -3 "and" Friday! ”, From February 13, 2019 - on the TV channel“ Match TV ”and from March 4, 2019 - on the TV channel“ Domashniy ”.

By December 5, 2018, Valentina Matvienko commissioned to study the issue of the fate of regional TV channels after June 10, 2019 ^[19] .

On December 3, 2018, the analog broadcasting of channels included in multiplexes 1 and 2 was turned off in the Tver region (acting as a “test” region) ^[20] . All other regions are divided into three groups — disconnection stages ^[21] .

December 10, 2018 approved an action plan for the transition of the Russian Federation to digital terrestrial television broadcasting ^[22] .

On February 11, 2019, analogue broadcasting of channels included in multiplexes was turned off in 7 regions of Russia, namely in the Ryazan, Tula, Yaroslavl, Ulyanovsk, Penza, Magadan regions and the Chechen Republic ^[23] .

On April 15, 2019, analog broadcasting was turned off in 20 regions, including Moscow and the Moscow Region ^[24] .

The third, the most massive stage of outages, by the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation was further divided into two (the fourth stage was introduced). On June 3, 2019, analog broadcasting of channels included in 1 and 2 multiplexes was disabled in Altai, Kamchatka, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Khabarovsk, Primorye Territories, Nenets, Khanty-Mansi, Chukotka Autonomous Districts, as well as in Arkhangelsk, Bryansk, Vladimir, Voronezh, Jewish Autonomous, Irkutsk, Kaliningrad, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Oryol, Rostov, Samara, Sverdlovsk, Smolensk, Tambov, Tomsk regions, republics of Adygea, Buryatia, Komi, Mari El, Sakha (Yakutia), Severn Ossetia and Khakassia. At the fourth stage, on October 14, 2019, broadcasting will be turned off in the remaining (21) regions of Russia.

Local (regional, municipal) TV channels, federal TV channels that are not part of the first and second multiplexes, and federal TV channels that are in network partnership with local (specified in the local broadcast license) continue broadcasting in analog format after the date of the disconnection of the main channels, if available desires from their side.

1. ↑ Digital television began with interference The Kommersant newspaper, No. 52 / P (4837), 26.03.2012
2. ↑ Disable analog TV in the country need from 2012 to 2013
3. ↑ United States bid farewell to analogue television
4. Federal Law of December 21, 1994 No. 68-FZ “On the Protection of the Population and Territories from Natural and Man-Made Emergencies”
5. 76 76-year history of analog TV in Britain is over
6. ↑ Poland completely switched to digital television
7. ↑ Disconnection of analog TV services will be realized in China by 2015.
8. ↑ In Ukraine, the analog television was illegally disconnected - Channel 24 (Unidentified) . 24 Channel. The appeal date is September 6, 2018.
9. ↑ By 2015, analog television broadcasting will cease in Russia. Archived on May 5, 2013.
10. ↑ Traditional analogue TV broadcasting in Russia will be disabled no earlier than 2017
11. ↑ The Ministry of Communications and Mass Media is preparing a draft resolution on the disconnection of analog broadcasting in mid-December 2013
12. ↑ On the issue of informing viewers about the use of an analog television signal (rus.) , Moscow.rtrs.ru (July 19, 2018). The appeal date is August 26, 2018.
13. ↑ Digital TV RTRS. RTRS together with the federal TV channels marks the analog television signal with a special letter “A” (Neopr.) (July 13, 2018). The appeal date is August 26, 2018.
14. ↑ Social advertising of Digital TV (Russia-1, 2017-n. In.) (Neopr.) (August 10, 2018). The appeal date is August 26, 2018
15. ↑ News on Channel One. Russia is completing the transition to digital broadcasting. (Neopr.) (June 8, 2018). The appeal date is August 26, 2018
16. ↑ Digital TV RTRS. Victor Pinchuk: "By the end of the year, more than 98% of the population will watch 20 channels in digital quality" (Neopr.) (June 9, 2018). The appeal date is August 26, 2018.
17. ↑ Digital TV RTRS. RTRS completes the transition to digital television (Neopr.) (June 15, 2018). The appeal date is August 26, 2018.
18. ↑ Digital TV RTRS. Digital terrestrial broadcasting is the television of the future (Undead.) (June 22, 2018). The appeal date is August 26, 2018.
19. ↑ Digital TV RTRS. Matvienko commissioned to study the issue of the fate of regional TV channels (Neopr.) (June 9, 2018). The appeal date is August 26, 2018.
20. ↑ The Tver region was left without analogue broadcasting (Neopr.) . vesti-tver.ru. The appeal date is December 4, 2018.
21. ↑ Analog TV outage plan in Russia (Undec.) . Russian television and radio broadcasting network . moscow.rtrs.ru (December 5, 2018). The appeal date is December 9, 2018.
22. ↑ The Ministry of Communications and Mass Media published a plan to turn off analog television broadcasting.
23. ↑ Analog broadcasting in Russia will be disconnected in three stages (Rus.) . Mir24. The appeal date is February 18, 2019.
24. ↑ An end to analog TV: another 20 regions of the Russian Federation switched to a “digit” (Neopr.) . Gazeta.Ru. The appeal date is April 15, 2019.